Pompa memerlukan baik listrik atau uap untuk energi pendorong mereka, namun

konsumsi utilitas pompa dan blower biasanya dirakit kemudian selama desain peralatan
langkah 1. Uap ditentukan sesuai dengan tekanan saturasi, uap diberikan pada tekanan
saturasi mutlak. Dalam situasi yang lebih kritis, mungkin perlu untuk menunda spesifikasi
utilitas sampai informasi lebih lanjut tentang kondisi proses yang tersedia. Kondisi operasi
seperti laju alir, temperatur, tekanan, entalpi, laju perpindahan panas, dan juga nomor aliran
diidentifikasi dengan simbol yang disebut bendera. Simbol suhu dan tekanan harus cukup
banyak untuk mengidentifikasi, tidak ambigu, kondisi di setiap titik pada diagram. Laju aliran
volumetrik dan molar juga ditunjukkan oleh bendera yang tepat di mana informasi tersebut
akan membantu dalam menentukan atau merancang pompa, blower dan peralatan lainnya.
Latihan persiapan flowchart ini menyerupai pengisian pada ruang kosong. Definisi tabel
neraca bahan juga seperti mengerjakan teka-teki silang. Keduanya membutuhkan
pertimbangan dan fleksibilitas, dan keduanya menjadi lebih mudah dengan praktek.












Stream designation
The next step in flow sheet preparation is designation of utilities. Pumps require either
electricity or steam for their motive energy, but utility consumption of pumps and blowers is
usually assembled later during the equipment design step 1. Steam is specified according to
saturation pressure, the steam is supplied at an absolute saturation pressure. In more critical
situations, it may be necessary to postpone the specification of utilities until more information
on process condition is available. Operating conditions such as flow rate, temperature,
pressure, enthalpy, heat transfer rate, and also stream numbers are identified with symbols
called flags. Temperature and presure symbols should be numerous enough to identify,
unambigously, conditions at each point on the diagram.
Volumetric and molar flow rates are also shown by appropriate flags where such
information will aid in specifying or designing pumps, blowers and other equipment. This
initial flowchart preparation exercise resambles one of filling in the blanks. Definition of the
bahanbalance table it much like working a crossword puzzle. Both require judgement and
versatility, and both become easier with practice. The steam pressure and condition were
identified in the problem assignment. Temperatures in the combution chamber and the stack
entrance must be determined from energy balance. It becomes natural in this case, as in
many others, to combine specification of the remaining pressures and temperatures with
bahanand energy balances.





Bahan and Energy Balances
Fuel oil consumption is related to steam rate. To specify the oil rate, some assumption must
be made concerning boiler operations. To calculate the quantity of oil, simple overall energy
balance is executed on the boiler system