19

Abstract The energy loss in electric motors, electric heaters,

and lighting operated by electric energy, and in the conductor
resistance of electric wire, are generated due to irregular move-
ment of electrons caused by heat and vibration.
Synthetic infrared rays mitigate the vibration of electrons, one
of the reasons causing energy loss, by relieving the friction of
electrons. Therefore, they stabilize electric systems and reduce
power consumption by maximizing the efficiency of electric en-
ergy. To change the property of electron movement, an energy
source which can be a particular wave is needed. The particular
wave is made by visible light at 500nm~600nm and infrared rays
at 1,000nm ~ 10,000nm, using infrared and visible light filters
which adjust light intensity. When the wave, stored in a semi-
conductor, flows into electric wire, it can reduce Joule heat by
mitigating the collision of spinning electrons. Therefore, the de-
crease in specific resistance of the conductor improves conduc-
tivity, and electric resistance caused by mobile electrons is re-
duced so it significantly affects electric energy by Joule heat. The
basic experiment resulted in a 10 to 15% electric energy reduc-
tion by using a developed photosynthetic irradiation facility to
generate these particular infrared rays, and semiconductor or
supplying equipment to store the synthetic infrared wave. The
research has been carried out by experiments based on theory
until now; however, the correlation between the change of elec-
tron movement and energy efficiency, synthetic wave and ca-
pacity of power consumption will be continuously researched.

I ndex Terms Electric Energy Efficiency, Infrared Rays,
electric resistance, semiconductor.
I. INTRODUCTION
There are factors of energy loss such as heat and vibration
in electromotor, electric heater or lightings, which uses electric
energy for operation, as well as the conductor resistance in
electric cable path due to the irregular movement of the elec-
tron. For the vibration of the electron that becomes the factor
of energy loss, shine infrared ray synthetic wavelength, that is
the infrared ray (light) and visible light of specific range over
the semiconductor and make the wavelength flow over the
electric cable to relieve the crash of the electron that makes
spinning movement (changing the moving direction and
characteristics) and to decrease the energy loss; relieve the
generation of frictional heat and heat vibration of the atom due
to the crash among atomic nucleus, bound electron and in-
ternal impurities existed in the conductor so as to decrease the
heat; make the flow of electrons in the electric goods smooth to
decrease the noise of magnetic field, in which the electron
generates, frictional noise and vibration and to change the
track of electrons flowing on the conductor as well decreasing
the fallen electrons and radio wave; relieve the frictional
power of the electron by using the circuit device that heightens
the efficiency of electric energy to stabilize the electric system
and maximize the electric energy efficiency decreasing the
electric power consumption.
II. SUBJECT

A. Theory, Material and Principle For electrical efficiency of
electric machine.

1) Theory
It is the plane figure of the charge distribution inside the
metal. + means the positive charge and electron strongly
bound to atomic nucleus, and - means the valence electron on
the outmost track of the atom which is not bound to any spe-
cific atom but moves freely. The electrons in the metal, ac-
cording to the electronic gas theory, crashes with heavy ion in
almost stationary state making successive move in every di-
rections, and the average distance between crashes is called
mean free path.


Figure 1.1 electron gas of metal

It is the plane figure of the charge distribution inside the
metal. + means the positive charge and electron strongly
bound to atomic nucleus, and - means the valence electron
on the outmost track of the atom which is not bound to any
specific atom but moves freely. The electrons in the metal,
according to the electronic gas theory, crashes with heavy ion
in almost stationary state making successive move in every
direction, and the average distance between crashes is called
mean free path. The electron has the mean speed in normal
state which is called drift speed.
Si-Hyung Cho
1
, Myeong-Ho Choi
2
, Young-Dae Kwon
3


1
Si-Hyung Cho, Senior Professor, Central Education Institute of KEPCO, Seoul, Korea,
2
Myeong-Ho Choi, Professor, CEI, ,
And
3
Young-Dae Kwon, president of KSE Co. Ltd.
Preparation of Papers for the 3
rd
IEEE International Conference on
Industrial Informatics (INDIN05)
20


If the size of electric field is E, then the acceleration
E
m
e
= a
, so the electrons speed V becomes
at V
d
=

So the mean speed of the electron V becomes
tE
m
e
= = at V
d
,
] [ u
2
VS
m
E
v
tE
m
e
d
= =

then u is electrons mobility.
If a conductor of +length L (m) has free electrons N, and the
time is T, the current passes in the unit time becomes I,
L
N
T
N
ev e
= = I

T
L
v =
and the current density becomes J ,
LA
N
n v nev
LA
N
A
I
ev
= = = = = , J

then [c/] is density of charge.
, J E E ne nev o = = = , ne o =
then o is conductiv-
ity.
A
L
R
R
V
A
L
V
EA JA
o
o o = = = = = , I

So, Ohms law is materialized.
In this way, the energy that electron gets from the electric
field is delivered to the ion every time it crashes with the
electron, and thereby the power is consumed when the electron
passes within the metal. The flow of current is the move of
electrons, and numerous electrons crash one by one, and the
energy of electrons becomes extinct and is emitted in heat. If
the wavelength of specific area is lighted on the electron, it
becomes in excited state decreasing the crash. There are two
factors of energy loss: irregular movement of the electron and
unbalance, but by removing the factors of electronic vibration,
we can stabilize the electric system and maximize the electric
energy efficiency decreasing the electric power consumption.


figure2.2 expanded electron movement

2) Material

The optical function of optical ceramic can be distinguished
a bit from the electronic function but they have something in
common. Including the single crystal, glass-ceramic poly
crystal and thin film poly crystal, the optical functions are as in
the table 2.1.

Table2.1 optical functions of optical ceramic
light-extinction TiN, TiC, CaF
2
, CoO
fluorescence
laser semiconductor ,light emitting
diode, solid laser(YAG),
fluorescence paints
light-absorbing
heat-resisting(Al
2
O
3,
BeO, Y
2
O
3
)
electrode(SnO
2
, In
2
O
3
)
electro-optical PLZT, LiNbO
3
single crystal
optical reflection glass of heat reflection , coating
application light glass, oxide thin-film , LiNbO
3


The organization of the glass-crystal is composed of fine
crystal particle and the light is dispersed in the particle system.
Recently, as the research for the sintering technology and ad-
ditives such as fine particles and high equalization of raw
material powder and hot press has been preceded,
light-absorbing ferroelectric ceramic, which is represented by
anti-heat, light-absorbing and PLZT was developed. The
chemical formula of PLZT is represented by
3
4
1
1 X - 1
) )( (Pb O Ti Zr La
X y y X

and the formation is represented by x/1-y/y. PLZT Ceramic
has the features of lifespan such as ferroelectricity, visible
radiation and infrared rays. The electro optics positive number
r of PLZT Ceramic is 6~40 times bigger than LiNbO
3
, and is
also available for optical strength modulation absorbed by the
forced transition with anti-ferroelectric phase (lifespan) and
ferroelectric phase(high dispersion) if the electric field is ap-
proved . The effect is used in optic modulation element, optic
ceramic, video mark accumulation element, optical memory,
etc. Besides, PLZT Ceramic can form volatile space charge
electric field with optic investigation or change the other re-
fraction rate or optic absorption rate, and is used for video
mark accumulation device, optic memory element.

3) Background of Theory

a) Photoelectric effect

The light and electron often makes various phenomena by
combining each other. For example, photoelectric effect or
radiation upon electric discharge. As in the figure below, if the
light is on the A metal, the electron comes out from A and goes
into the other electrode B making the current I flow. This
phenomenon is called photoelectric effect, and the electron
comes out by the light is called photoelectron.

21

Figure 2.3 Photoelectric effect

In the figure 2.2, if negative voltage -V is approved, the
value increases, as if the kinetic energy
2
2
1
mv
that one
electron has when it comes out from A is the same to the work
eV to come out from B and the current does not pass. From the
voltage
s
V
at this time, we can see the kinetic energy T when
the electron comes out from the electrode.

Figure 2.4. Character of photoemission

If we mark T calculated in this way with the function of v ,
the number of vibrations of the light, then, as seen in the figure
2.4, T becomes 0 below certain limit, and above the limit
0
v
, it
increases in straight line in proportion to
v
. The light of the
same number of vibrations, however, the kinetic energy
doesn't change but the number of coming out electrons in-
creases though the intensity of the light is getting higher. The
size of light energy is decided by the intensity of the light,
which is the amplitude of radio wave. If the light is too weak,
therefore, at any number of vibrations, the photoelectric effect
will not be made as the energy required for electrode to come
out is not concentrated.
b) Einstein' law
If the light is a kind of particle that has the energy
v
h E =

and movement

h
P =
, this is called photo proton or photon.
Here, the h ]) . [ 10 625 . 6 (
34
S J h

= is Plank Constant. In
this way of thinking, as seen in the figure 2.3, the electron in
the metal crashes with photon getting energy
v
h
and come to
the outside by crossing the potential wall | on the metal sur-
face, and following the law of energy conservation, it becomes

| e hv eV mv T = = =
2
2
1

and if it is
0 v
h e = |
, it matches with the experiment.

c) Compton effect

Compton found out that there is something with longer
wavelength than incidence X Ray among scattering X Rays
generated upon projecting X Rays through the substance, and
this is called Compton Effect. To explain this phenomenon,
consider X Ray as a particle that has energy and movement,
and consider that the interaction between photo proton and
electron is made as if elastic crash of elastic body, then the
energy of the photo proton decreases as much as the kinetic
energy that the electron has. This means that the v of,
v
h
the
energy of X Ray decreases and the wavelength of X Ray gets
longer. This is the normal explanation of Compton Effect and
the quantitative handling of this relation is as follows. Ac-
cording to the Theory of Relativity by Einstein, the mass m and
energy E has the following relation.
] [
2
J mc E =

In addition, as the energy of the photo proton is , the
momentum P becomes
v
h
c
h
mc P

= = =

and the law of energy conservation is established between
the energy and the momentum upon the crash of photo proton
and electron. Therefore, if the vibration times of incident X
Ray is
0
v
, the vibration times of dispersed X Ray is
v
, and
the speed of electron after the crash is v,
2
0
2
1
mv hv hv + =

is established.


Figure 2.5. Compton's photon

The figure 2.5 is to explain the Compton Effect, and if the
| and u is the angle of the electron and photo protons di-
rections of dispersion, then
) cos 1 ( u = A
mc
h

is established.

22

d) Experimental result
(1) Laboratory Test

Table 2.2 device of installation Test for current (laboratory)

(2) Field Test

Table 2.3 Building Test (load: kitchen fan 380V, 50Hp, 3)


Table 2.4. Company Test(load:220V,22Kw ,3 Mixer)
Division
Voltage
(V)
Cur-
rent
(A)
Appar-
ent
Power
(Kva)
Active
Power
(Kw)
Reactive
Power
(Kvar)
Frequency
(Hz)
Before install
(22Kw Mixer.)
(18/09/2003)
215.3 38.8 14.45 8.89 11.38 60.0
Install
(20/10/2003)
218.4 32.2 12.20 8.06 9.16 60.0
Install
(21/11/2003)
213.1 31.9 11.78 8.14 8.54 60.0
Install
(19/04/2004)
214.7 24.6 9.13 7.13 5.70 60.0


Table2.5 Co.,Ltd. Test(load:220V,75Kw ,3 Comp.)
Division
Voltage
(V)
Cur-
rent
(A)
Appar-
ent
Power
(Kva)
Active Power
(Kw)
Reactive Pow-
er
(Kvar)
Frequency
(Hz)
Before install
(75Kw
Comp.)
(18/09/2003)
213.4 271.2 100.15 87.33 48.77 60.0
Install
(20/10/2003)
214.6 243.9 90.66 77.99 46.23 60.0
Install
(21/11/2003)
212.2 246.9 90.63 78.65 44.68 60.0
Install
(19/04/2004)
214.5 225.1 83.48 70.99 43.45 60.0


Figure 2.6 device of installation (Big capacity) : Current Test

Table 2.6. Device of installation Test for of heat
(Blower; 220V,1/4Hp Single Phase & Load for distance125m/m)
vision
S
tart
after
5minutes
after
10minutes
after
15minutes
Result
Before()
2
5
31.5 39.5 43
2
difference
After()
2
4
29.5 37 41
If there's a time change in magnetic flux density, it pro-
duces turbulences in electric field. If there's a change in elec-
tric field, it causes turbulences in magnetic field. When there's
alternating current in the wire, it changes magnetic field
around wire so electromagnetic wave is produced. Therefore,
power consumption is reduced by decreased amount of elec-
tromagnetic wave, with reducing de-orbited electrons, by in-
ducing orbit change of electron with mixed-infrared ray.

Table 2.7. Device of installation Test for electromagnetic waves
(Blower; 220V,1/4Hp Single Phase & Load for distance125m/m)
Division 1Time 2Times 3Times 4Times 5Times Max Min
Before[V/m] 455 453 449 430 432 455 430
After[V/m] 316 314 289 280 283 280 316
Decrease Ratio (%) 38.5% 26.5%

Also it alleviates friction of electron in conductor so it can
reduce power consumption with increased efficiency of load
device and productivity.
According to P=VIcos, power consumption can be de-
creased by increasing efficiency ( ).
Mixed-infrared ray also reduces friction between moving
electrons, so noise and vibration caused by electron friction
are decreased. For instance, noise or vibration generated by
Division
10min. 15min. 20min. 25min. 30min. Average
current
(A)

Before install
0.34 0.33 0.33 0.34 0.34 0.336
After install
0.30 0.30 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.294
Power Save Ratio (%) 12.5%
Division
Frequen-
cy
(Hz)
Voltage
(V)
Current
(A)
Active
Power
(Kw)
Apparent
Power
(Kva)
Reactive
Power
(Kvar)
Power
factor
(Pf)
Before
install
60.0 386.8 43.6 28.88 29.21 1.66 0.989
Install 60.0 385.5 37.5 24.77 25.01 1.41 0.990
Ratio regular regular
decrease
14.0%
decrease
14.2%
decrease
14.4%
decrease
29.9%
Regular
Division Start
after
5minutes
after
10minutes
after
15minutes
Result
Before() 25 31.5 39.5 43 2
difference After() 24 29.5 37 41
23
super-pressure wire, transformer, or motor can be reduced, so
it directly links to lowering power consumption.
Therefore, power consumption can be reduced due to de-
creased Joule heat, increased efficiency ( ), lowered noise
and vibration, and reduced electromagnetic wave.
III. CONCLUSION

After lighting the light (wavelength) made in specific area
on the active area of optic ceramic (semiconductor), make the
conductor shed the light of specific wavelength to affect the
electron movement. The ceramic material such as PLZT can
form the space charge (the accumulation of the light) by
lighting the light, and the space charge (light) is provided to
the conductor making the wavelength of the electron longer on
the conductor due to the Compton Effect though the closed
loop is not formed as it is volatile space charge. In case of the
broadcasting wave, for example, the short wave with short
wavelength, as the displacement current (radio wave) i is

t
D
i
c
c
=

according to the Maxwell's equations, can transmit the
displacement current better as the wavelength is getting shorter,
but it couldn't be transmitted well if there are obstacles such as
long distance or mountain. However, if the wavelength is get-
ting longer just like the infrared ray, it is not affected by the
long distance and obstacles (mountain, wall, etc.)
Therefore, by making the wavelength of the electron on the
conductor long, and as the speed of electron moving inside the
conductor is

) cos 1 ( u = A
mc
h

the Joules heat generated upon the crash of electrons can
be decreased. In this way, the resistively of the conductor gets
smaller increasing the conductive rate and the decreased
electric resistance upon the move of electrons is judged to be
helpful in saving the electric energy by the Joules heat.

IV. REFERENCE

[1] The Mechanical Generation of Life-Force, Krystall Vverlag, Vienna,
1993
[2] Modern Physics, RaymondA. Serray, ClementJ. Moses, Moyer Curt A,
1996
[3] All rights reserved including the rights of reproduction in whole or in
part in any form, Dr.Leon Lederman and Dick Teresi, 1993
[4] DENKI DENSHI YOUGO DAIJITEN, Akira Mogi, Daekwang Seorim
Publishers, 1992
[5] INTRODUCTION TO OPTICAL ENGINEERING, Francis T. S. Yu
and Xiangyang Yang, 1997













V. BIOGRAPHIES


Si-Hyung Cho was born in Seoul, Korea, on May 14,
1957. He graduated from the Yonsei University. He
has the Ph. D of EE from the Graduate School of
Yonsei University. He is a senior professor of Dis-
tribution Education Team at the Central Education
Institute of KEPCO. His special fields of interest are
distribution system protection and distribution hot-
line work.

Myeong-Ho Choi was born in Chungnam province,
Korea, on June 28, 1965. He received the M.Sc.
degree in Electrical Engineering from Hanbat Uni-
versity in 2004, the MBA from Andong Universty of
Administration and Management in 2002. He is a
professor of NDIS at the Central Education Institute
of KEPCO. His special fields of interest are system
integration and proposal & patent work
Young-Dae, Kwon was born in Daegu, Korea, on
Aug 15,1958. He received the M.Sc. degree in
Practical Electronic from YoungNam University in
2003. the MBA from Daegu Oriental medical
University in 2004. He is president of KSE Co.,Ltd.
(manufactory of Electric Power Saver) Now, he is
going to YoungNam University for Ph. who study
Practical Electronic.