Lahore University of Management Sciences

EE380 Communication Systems Spring 2013-2014

Homework 2
Due Date: February 18, 2014 at 6:00pm (sharp)
Up to two students can submit a single solution working together. You may NOT group
with someone who is not in your section NOR can you group with someone with whom you
have previously submitted a single solution. Homework can be submitted in the Assignment
Dropbox in the EE department, SSE building. Make sure to write your IDs and Sections.
Problem 1: Concepts of Systems [28 points] For each of the following systems, output y(t) is given in
terms of input x(t). State whether these systems are linear or non-linear. Also state whether these systems
are time invariant or time variant?
(a) [4 points] y(t) = x(t) cos 2ft
(b) [4 points] y(t) = sin[x(t)]
(c) [4 points] y(t) =

x()e
j2t
d
(d) [4 points] y(t) =
d
dt
x(t)
(e) [4 points] y(t) = cos[2ft +x(t)]
(f ) [4 points] y(t) = x(t)
(g) [4 points] y(t) = sgn(x(t))
Problem 2: Conventional AM [25 points] Consider a signal x(t), with average value x(t) = 0, and
S
x
= x
2
(t) =
1
2
. The signal x(t) has a maximum value 0.7 and a minimum value -0.7. Suppose we need
generate an AM signal x
c
(t) = A
c
(1 + x(t)) cos 2f
c
t for transmission from an AM radio station, whose
listeners would use standard envelop detectors.
(a) [5 points] What is the maximum value of that can be used, while ensuring that envelope detection
remains possible at the receivers?
(b) [10 points] Assume that the value of found above is used. We also note that AM transmitters put
maximum value constraints on two parameters: the average transmitted power S
T
, and the peak transmitted
power A
2
max
, where A
max
is the maximum absolute value the modulated signal can take. If both the
constraints are to be exactly satised simultaneously, derive a relation between A
max
and S
T
.
(c) [10 points] Repeat part (b) if =
3
4
is used.
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Problem 3: DSB-AM + Standard AM [25 points] A signal x(t) = cos(250t) +
1
2
cos(2100t) is
transmitted using DSB modulation.
(a) [5 pts] Find the expressions for upper and the lower side bands of the modulated signal x
c
(t) if f
c
=
10MHz.
(b) [5 pts] Find the spectrum of the modulated signal.
(c) [5 pts] Find the power content of the upper side band and lower side band signals.
(d) [5 pts] If x(t) is modulated using conventional AM signal with a modulation index of 1, Find the spectrum
modulated signal.
(e) [5 pts] Find the power eciency of the modulated signal i.e the ratio of the useful power to the total
power.
Problem 4: [20 points] Processing of a Baseband Signal. A low pass signal x(t) has a Fourier
transform shown in the Figure 1(a). The signal is applied to a system shown in the Figure 1(b). The blocks
marked with H represent Hilbert transform block and it is assumed that W << f
c
. Determine signals x
i
(t)
and X
i
(f)for 1 i 7. Plot X
i
(f) for 3 i 7. Make sure to label all signicant points on the
plots; there is credit for correct labeling.
Figure 1: Problem-4
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Problem 5: [12 points] Amplitude Modulation (AM) A message signal x(t) = 2 cos 2000t +
10 cos 4000t is used to generate a double sideband with carrier (AM) signal as below:
x
c
(t) = [20 + 2 cos 2000t + 10 cos 4000t] cos 2f
c
t; f
c
= 10
6
Hz
(a) [4 points] Sketch the magnitude spectrum of the modulated signal x
c
(t). Make sure to label all
important points along the two axes. If delta functions are involved, make sure to specify
their strengths.
(b) [3 points] For the AM signal, determine the power in each of the frequency components, separately.
(c) [3 points] What is the modulation index?
(d) [3 points] What is the power eciency (i.e., ratio of the useful power to the total power)?
Problem 6: [15 points] SSB AM Modulation
Consider a single sideband (SSB) system in which the transmitted signal is given by x
c
(t) = x(t) cos 2f
c
t
x(t) sin 2f
c
t. The message signal x(t) is a baseband signal with bandwidth W. This SSB signal is received
by a receiver shown in Fig. 2 below, where the low pass lter bandwidth is equal to the message signal
bandwidth W. We assume that the channel is ideal such that the received signal r(t) is the same as the
transmitted signal x
c
(t).
cos(2f
c
t+)
y(t)
LPF
z(t) r(t)=x
c
(t)
Figure 2: An SSB receiver with phase oset
(a) [1pt] State whether x
c
(t) is an upper SSB (USSB) signal or a lower SSB (LSSB) signal?
(b) [3pts] Argue that your answer in part (a) is correct by plotting the magnitude spectrum of the transmitted
signal x
c
(t).
(c) [3pts] Find the magnitude of the Fourier transform of the Hilbert transform of the message signal in
terms of the Fourier transform of the message signal. That is, Find |

X(f)|.
(d) [4pts] The SSB demodulator in above gure is a coherent demodulator for a DSB-SC modulated signal.
Assuming that the phase of the receivers carrier is identical to the phase of the transmitted signal (no phase
de-synchronization), nd the output z(t) for the SSB case. Also nd if the output is dierent from z
DSB
(t)
which is the output when the same receiver is used for DSB-SC input given by x
c
DSB
(t) = x(t) cos 2f
c
t.
(e) [5pts] Repeat part (d) if there is a phase dierence of in the transmitted signals carrier and phase of
the local oscillator at the receiver. Comment on the impact of phase de-synchronization of SSB and DSB
modulation schemes.
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Problem 7: [15 points]Low pass equivalents of Bandpass signals
Consider a band pass signal x
bp
(t) = 2sinc(2t) cos(2f
0
t) that passes through a band pass channel
h
bp
(t) = 2sinc
2
(t) cos(2f
0
t) to give a bandpass output y
bp
(t).
(a) [5 pts] Find the low pass equivalent of x
bp
(t).
(b) [5 pts] Find the low pass equivalent of h
bp
(t)
(c) [5 pts] Without nding the band pass received signal, nd the low pass equivalent of the received signal.
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