Class Drug Indication Action Side effects

Adrenergics Norepinephrine (Vasodilator) ER

Epinephrine (vasopressor) ER
med
Dopamine (vasopressor) ER med
Doutamine ER med
Ventolin
Albuterol (bronchodilator)

Shock
Hypotension
Bradycardia
Low cardiac output
Mimics naturally occurring
catecholamines in the body to
release norepinephrine
Headache, tachyc ardia,
N+V, blurred vision
Adrenocorticoids Hydrocortisone ( Cortet) Asthma and inflammation Regular carb, protein and fat
metabolism block inflammation and
regulate the bodys immune
response
Nervousness, edema,
hypertension and insomnia
Angiotensin
converting enzyme
inhibitors ACE

(Cardiac Drug)
Lotesin ,
Captopril ( Capoten)
Enalapril (Vasotec)
Lisinopril ( Zestril)

Hypertension Inhibits conversion of Angiotensin 1
to angiotensin 2 and prevents
release of Aldosterone which results
in vasodilation, a decrease in
peripheral vascular resistance.
Reduction of sodium and water
retension resulting in BP
Dry persistant cough ,
hypotension, angioedema
and headache
Angiotensin 2
receptor antagonist

(Cardiac Drug)
Valsartan (Diovan) Hypertension Vasoldilates the arterioles by
blocking effects of Angiotensin 2
and enhances renal clearance of
sodium and water reducing BP
Dizziness, anxiety and
hypotesion
Anticoagulants

Heparin (parenteral and oral)
PTT, aPTT test
Protamine sulphate (antidote)


Warfarin ( Coumadin) oral
INR 2-3 heart valve 3.5
Vitamin K (antidote)
DVT, Pulmonary emboli Bind to antithrombin 3 and
inactivates thrombin and clotting
factors preventing conversion of
fibrinogen to fibrin

Inhibits hepatic synthesis of vit K
wh/ protheombin and clotting
factors VII, IX, X.
Bleeding and hemorrhage
Antiplatelet Aspirin (Bayer)
Copidogril ( Plavix)
Prevent thrombotic events Prevent platelet aggregation GI ulcer, stomach pain and
headache
Thrombolytic
Antidote:
Aminocaproic acid
(Amicar)
Reteplase ( Retravase)
Streptokinase ( Streptase)
Alteplase ( aTPA, Activase)
AMI, DVT, PE Break down preexisting clots by
converting plasminogen to plasmin
which lyse thrombi and fibrinogen
Bleeding and allergic
response, headache,
hypotension and nausea
Antiglycemic

Insulin


1
st
generat sulfonylureas:
Orinase, Tolinase and Diabenese

2
nd
generat sulfonylureas:
Glimepiride ( Amaryl)
Glipizide ( Glucotrol)

Non sulfonylureas:
Metformin (Glucophage)

Diamicron
Rapid:Humalog,Novolog,Apidra
Short: Humulin R, Novolin R
Interm: Humulin N, NOvolin N
Long: insulin glarling(Lantus)

Type 2 diabetes mellitus


Type 2 diabetes mellitus



Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Promote the uptake of glucose to be
stored by body cells



Stimulate beta cells to secrete more
insulin, receptors, cells ability
to bind insulin for glucose
metabolism
Hypoglycemia, nervousness,
tremors
Histamine receptor
antagonist
Zantac
Pepcid
Duodenal ulcer, acid reflux
and hypersecretory conditions
Suppress gastric secretions by
blocking hydrogen potassium AT
Pase enzyme in gastric parietal cells
Dizziness, fatigue and
arrythmias
HMG CoA reductase
inhibitors
Lipitor
Crestor
High cholesterol Inhibit HMG CoA . LDL receptor
on liver cells to cholesterol inhibit
hepatic synthesis of very LDL
GI upset, headache and
photosensitivity
Nitrates Nitoglycerin
Nitroprusside
Hypertension crisis and angina
pectoris
cardiac O
2
demand by left
ventricular end diastolic pressure
and blood flow through collateral
coronary vessels
Headache, orthostatic
hypotension, dizziness and
weakness
NSAIDs Aspirin
Voltaren
Motrin

Pain, fever and inflammation prostaglandin synthy in CNS to
inhibit pain sensation. Cause
vasodilation to fever
Abdominal pain, nausea,
heartburn
Opioids
(Narcotic analgesics)
(CNS effects)
Antidote:
Naloxone (Narcan)
Morphine


Codeine
Pethidine
Chest pain assoc w/ acute MI,
HPT crisis and PE

Moderate to severe pain and
sedation
Morphine: dilates venous vessels to
work load on heart

Block opioid receptors to prevent
pain sensation in CNS
Euphoria, sedation,
respiratory depression and
circulatory depression
Anticholinergic
(Antiarrythmic)
ER med for cardiac
Atropine sulphate Asystole, profound
bradycardia with hypotension
Motion sickness
Antagonize the action of ACH at
muscarinic receptors to heartrate
Blurred vision, constipation
and headache
Nucleoside
(Antiarrythmic)
ER med for cardiac
Adenosine SPVT 1
st
line med Acts on AV node to slow conduction
in the heart and inhibit reentry
pathway to restore normal heart
rhythm
Hypotension and chest pain
Benzofuran
(Antiarrythmic)
ER med for cardiac
Amiodarone Atrial and Ventricular
arrythmia
Slow myocardial cell action potential
and prolong refractory period to
block Na and K channels
Hypotension and
bradycardia
Amide derivative
(Antiarrythmic)
ER med for cardiac
LIdocaine Atrial and Ventricular
arrhythmia
(Also used in labor for
anesthesia)
Block Ca channel in cardiac muscle
to dilate coronary vesses and
blood flow to the heart
Hypotension and seizures
Procaine derivative
(Antiarrythmic)


Procainamide Ventricular tachycardia and
PVC
Relax vascular smooth muscles
venous return to the heart and
preload
Severe hypotension and
heart block, cardiac arrest
Aminoglycoside Gentamycin
Tobramycin
UTI and Septicemia Bind to 30s subunit to inhibit cell
wall synthesis
Diarrhea, N+V, headache
and dyspnea
Broad spectrum anti-
infective
Zosyn
Fortum
Flagyl
Bacterial vaginosis Inhibit cell wall synthesis and DNA
repication
Headache, fever, insomnia
and constipation
Anti-infective Vancomycin Clostridium dificile Block bacterial cell wall synthesis Pain, fever, hypotension
Barbituates
(CNS effects)
(anti convulsant)
Phenobarbital Seizures Prevents seizures by soothing
neuronal membranes
Lethargy, drowsiness,
headache and vertigo
Beta Blockers
(cardiac drug)
Non selective:
Propanolol (Inderol)
Nadolol, Penbutolol
Selective:
Metoprolol (lopressor)
Acebutolol, betaxolol
Hypertension workload of the heart by blocking
the sympathetic conductance at the
beta receptors on the SA node and
myocardial cells to the force of
contraction and heart rate
Bradycardia, depression and
fatigue
Calcium chan blocker
(cardiac drug)
Antidote : Ca
bicarbonate
Verapamil
Diltiazem
ER meds for cardiac disorders
narrow complex PSVT

Hypertension and Angina
Relaxes smooth muscle to provide
vasodialtion and effects the cardiac
muscle to heart rate
Bradycardia, hypotesion and
palpitations
Cephalosporins Zinacef UTI, Septicemia Inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis Fever and diarrhea,
abdominal pain
Diuretics:
Loop

Potassium sparing

thiazide

Furosemide (Lasix) ER med

Spironalactone (Aldactone)

Hydrodiuril


Hypertension and edema

Hypertension, edema and
heart failure

Edema and heart failure
excretion of Na at proximal and distal
loop of henle

Antagonize aldosteronein the distal
tubules to Na and H
2
O excretion

Headache, dizziness, fatigue,
weakness orthostatic
hypotension



Hyperglycemia and
hypercalcemia
Anti diuretic
hormone
ER med for cardiac
Vasopressin (Petressin) Ventricular fibrillation Peripheral Vasoconstriction,
coronary artery perfusion during
CPR
Myocardial ischemia and
angina
ER med for cardiac Magnesium sulphate Hypomagnesemia assoc w/
atrial and ventricular fibrillate
(Also used for sever
preeclampsia and labor pain)
Necessary for enzymatic action in
body NaK pump and blocks
neuromuscular joints
Hypotension, bradycardia
Antacid
ER med for cardiac
Sodium bicarbonate Metabolic acidosis assoc with
cardiac arrest and drug
overdose
Restores buffering capacity of the
body and neutralizes excess acid
Tetany, edema, flatulence,
gastric distention
Beta adrenergic
ER med for cardiac
Isoproterenol Treat Bradycardia with beta
blocker poison or after heart
transplant
heart rate by myocardial O
2

consumption
Myocardial ischemia,
tachycardia and ventricular
fibrillation
Osmotic diuretic
ER med
Mannitol Intracranial hypertension
Cerebral edema
osmotic pressure of glomerular
filtrate thus inhibiting tubular
reabsorption of water and electroly
Seizure, dizziness, headache
and fever
Opiate antagonist
ER med for poison
Naloxone Opiate poisoning Block opioid receptors to reverse
action of opioid drugs
None can cause withdrawals
symptoms
Antidote Fllumazenil Benzodiazepine poisoning Inhibits action of benzo by blocking
GABA benzo receptors
Dizziness, headache,
seizures, blurred vision
Antidote Activated Charcoal Poisoning, diarrhea Adheres to many drugs and
chemicals inhibiting absorption in GI
tract
Black stools
Antihistamine
ER med for shock
Diphenhyramine hydrochloride Anapylaxic Shock (used along
with epinephrine)
Treat histamine induced tissue
swelling related to severe allergic
reaction
Drowsiness, sedation,
confusion, vertigo`
Nutritional suppleme
ER med for shock
Dextrose

Insulin induced hypoglycemia
or insulin shock
Reduce glyconeogenesis and
promote anabolism of glucose
Pulmonary edema, rebound
hypoglycemia when
treatment stopped
Anti- hypoglycemic
ER med for shock

Glucagon Insulin induced hypoglycemia
or insulin shock
Stimulate glycogen breakdown, used
when dextrose not available
Nausea and vomiting,
hypersensitivity and
respiratory distress
Alpha and beta
adrenergic blocker
Antihypertensive
Labetolol Hypertensive crisis and
pulmonary edema

(Also used for sever
preeclampsia)
Inhibits effects of sympathetic
nervous system by blocking alpha
and beta receptors to reduce
peripheral vascular resistance
Dizziness, headache,
nightmares, fatigue, vertigo
Cancer Drugs
Alkylating agents


Mustard gas derivative
(cyclophosphamide [Cytoxan])




Nitosoureas (carmustine
[BiCNUU])
Cell Cycle Non Specific CCNS
kills cell in various cycles but
most effective in G0 phase
Acute and chronic leukemias,
lymphomas, solid tumors eg
breast, ovary, uterus, hodkins
lymphoma

Brain cancer (can cross blood
brain barrier)
Cause cross linking of DNA strands,
abnormal base pairing and DNA
strand breaks to prevent cell division

Severe vesicant can cause
tissue necrosis.
Cytoprotectant drug to
prevent hemorrhagic
cyctitis(bleeding from severe
bladder inflammation)_
Alopecia and bone marrow
suppression

Cancer Drugs
Antimetabolites

Pyrimidine antagonists
(fluorouracil 5-FU[Adrucil])
CCNS and CSS





Methotrexate (Rheumatrex)
A folic acid antagonist
Cell Cycle Specific and kill cells
in the S phase (DNA synthesis
and metabolism)

Acute leukemia, breast
cancer, head and neck cancer
and non hodkins lymphoma
For both meds
Distrupt metabolic processes and
can inhubut enzyme synthesis






Acts as substitute for folic acid
which is needed for protein and
DNA synthesis
Bone marrow suppression,
nausea and vomiting,alopecia
hepatic and renal dysfunction
for both meds




With high doses clients need
Leucovorin rescue to protect
normal cells from effects of
meds
Anticancer drugs
Anti tumor




Hormonal agents




Corticosteroids



Gonadotorpin
releasing hormone
analogues

Antiandorgens

Aromatase Inhibitors

Anthracyclines:
Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)prototype




Estrogen and Androgen
(Sex hormones)



Glucocorticoids
Prednisone, hydrocortisone
CCNS drugs
Breast, ovarian, lung and
bladder cancer, leukemia and
lymphomas


Prostate and breast cancer

Inhibits protein and RNA synthesis
and bind to DNA causing
fragmentation


Slow the growth of hormone
dependant cancers



Suppress the inflammatory process
associated with tumor rowth and
slow the growth of tumors

Severe cardiotoxic effects
Cause severe vesication
(blistering of tissue)


Androgens used to treat
breast cancer can cause
secondary male
characteristics in women

Fluid retention, potassium
loss, risk of infection,
blood sugar, muscle
weakness, euphoria