PROBLEM SET IN SINGLE EFFECT EVAPORATION

Group # Prob Set on Single Effect Evap

Group 1 Problem 1 Problem 9 Prob17 Prob5 Prob13 Prob8
Group 2 Problem 2 Problem 10 Prob18 Prob6 Prob14 Prob7
Group 3 Problem 3 Problem 11 Prob19 Prob7 Prob15 Prob6
Group 4 Problem 4 Problem 12 Prob20 Prob8 Prob16 Prob5
Group 5 Problem 5 Problem 13 Prob1 Prob9 Prob17 Prob4
Group 6 Problem 6 Problem 14 Prob2 Prob10 Prob18 Prob3
Group 7 Problem 7 Problem 15 Prob3 Prob11 Prob19 Prob2
Group 8 Problem 8 Problem 16 Prob4 Prob12 Prob20 Prob1

1. 8.4-1/554 and 8.4-2/554 Geankoplis
2. 8.4-4/555 Geankoplis
3. 8.4-10/555 Geankoplis
4. 8.4-11/555 Geankoplis
5. Apple juice is being concentrated in a natural circulation single effect evaporator. At steady state
conditions, dilute juice is the feed introduced at a rate of 7 kg/s. The concentration of the dilute
juice is 10% total solids. The juice is concentrated to 50% total solids. Steam is available at 205 kPa
and evaporation takes place at 13.5 kPa. The specific heat of dilute apple juice is 3.76 kJ/kg. The
inlet feed temperature is 21
o
C and the condensate leaves the heating space at 79.7
o
C . The overall
heat transfer coefficient is assumed to be 3000 W/m2K. Assume negligible boiling point elevation.
Calculate:
a. mass flow rate of concentrated product
b. steam requirements
c. steam economy heat transfer area
6. 5 MT/hr of an aqueous solution with 10% sugar will be concentrated to 50% in a single evaporator
system operating at 694 mm Hg vacuum. Superheated steam at 150
o
C will condense at 120
o
C
without subcooling in the steam chest. Assume that the feed has a specific heat of 3.5 kJ/kg-K, and
the evaporator has an over-all coefficient of 2500 W/m
2
-K. Determine the steam requirement,
economy and heat transfer area needed for the evaporator if the feed enters at 70oC?
7. A Single Effect evaporator was used to concentrate sugar solution from 15% to 60% solids. Steam
is available at a temperature of 280
o
C and a pressure of 560 kPa. After the evaporation process,
the steam finally condenses at 80
o
C. The temperature of the entering feed is 60
o
C and a specific
heat capacity of 2.15 kJ/kg-K with a throughput rate of 1800 kg/hr. The pressure recorded at the
vapor space reads at 200 kPa and the overall heat transfer coefficient is taken as 500 W/ m
2
-K.
Determine the following: (a) the capacity of the evaporator (b) the economy (c) the area of the
evaporator.
8. 8.4-7/555 Geankoplis
9. 8.4-9/555 Geankoplis
10. A single effect evaporator is used to concentrate KCl solution from 10% to 40% solids. The feed
enters at 25C and steam at 180C. The vapor space is maintained at 54C. The over-all heat
transfer coefficient is 3000W/m
2
-K. Cp is constant at 4.187 KJ/kg-K. The evaporation rate is 1000
kg/hr. Determine:
a. heat transfer area
b. economy
11. A single effect evaporator is used to concentrate NaCl solution from 10% to 35% solids. The feed
enters at 25
0
C and steam at 180
0
C. Vapor space is maintained at 54
0
C. Over-all heat transfer
coefficient is 3000 W/m
2
K. Cp is constant at 4 KJ/kg K. The throughput rate is 1000 kg/hr.
Determine its
a) Heat transfer area
b) Economy
12. A single effect evaporator is used to concentrate 10,000 lb/hr of a 20% solution of NaOH solution to
40% solids. The pressure of saturated steam used is 172.4 kPa and the vapor space is to be 11.7
kPa. The overall coefficient is estimated to be 274 BTU/ft
2
hr F. The feed temperature is 140 F.
Calculate (a) the amount of steam consumed; (b) the steam economy and(c) the heating surface
area
13. A single effect evaporator is used to concentrate LiCl solution from 15% to 40% solids. The feed
enters at 25
o
C and steam at 180
o
C. Its vapor space is maintained at 54
o
C. Over-all heat transfer
coefficient is 3000W/m2-K. Cp is constant at 4.187 KJ/Kg-K. The feed rate is 1000Kg/hr. Determine
its: a) heat transfer area, and b) economy.
14. A single effect evaporator is used to concentrate 1000 kg/hr of a 20% solution of NaOH solution to
40% solids. Saturated steam used is at 180
o
C and the vapor space is at 30
o
C. The overall coefficient
is estimated to be 5000 W/m
2
K. The feed temperature is 25
o
C. Calculate: (a) the amount of steam
consumed (b) the steam economy and (c) the heating surface area.
15. A single effect evaporator is used to concentrate KCl solution from 10% to 40% solids. The feed
enters at 25C and steam at 180C. The vapor space is maintained at 54C. The over-all heat
transfer coefficient is 3000W/m
2
-K. Cp is constant at 4.187 KJ/kg-K. The throughput rate is 1000
kg/hr. Determine:
a. heat transfer area
b. economy
16. A single effect evaporator is used to concentrate NaCl solution from 10% to 35% solids. The feed
enters at 25
0
C and steam at 180
0
C. Vapor space is maintained at 54
0
C. Over-all heat transfer
coefficient is 3000 W/m
2
K. Cp is constant at 4 KJ/kg K. Determine its feed rate if the heat transfer
area is 10 m
2
. Find the economy
17. A single effect evaporator is used to concentrate 1000 kg/hr of a 20% solution of NaOH solution to
40% solids. The pressure of saturated steam used is 172.4 kPa and the vapor space is to be 11.7
kPa. The overall coefficient is estimated to be 1400 W.m2K. The feed temperature is 45 C.
Calculate (a) the amount of steam consumed; (b) the steam economy and(c) the heating surface
area
18. A single effect evaporator is used to concentrate LiCl solution from 15% to 40% solids. The feed
enters at 25
o
C and steam at 180
o
C. Its vapor space is maintained at 54
o
C. Over-all heat transfer
coefficient is 3000W/m2-K. Cp is constant at 4.187 KJ/Kg-K. The thick liquor rate is 1000Kg/hr.
Determine its: a) heat transfer area, and b) economy.
19. A single effect evaporator is used to concentrate 1000 kg/hr of a 20% solution of NaOH solution to
40% solids. Saturated steam used is at 180
o
C with the condensate leaving at 150
o
C; the vapor space
is at 30
o
C. The overall coefficient is estimated to be 5000 W/m
2
K. The feed temperature is 25
o
C.
Calculate: (a) the amount of steam consumed (b) the steam economy and (c) the heating surface
area.
20. Suppose we are trying to concentrate a solution of orange juice from 10 wt% solids to 50 wt% in a
long-tube vertical evaporator. Our past experience has shown that a reasonable heat transfer
coefficient is 500 BTU/hr-ft2-oF. To keep the boiling temperature low enough, we keep the vapor
space at 4-inches Hg vacuum. If the area of the evaporator is 700 ft2, what feed rate in lb/hr is
required?