Gprs

1
GPRS general
aspects
GPRS
services
GPRS air
interface
MOB Mobile communications_GPRS_002_EN.ppt
Rohde&Schwarz GmbH&Co Kg Munich - Training
GSM - Introduction
2
GPRS general
aspects
GPRS
services
GPRS air
interface
GPRS-Introduction
GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR
MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS
R
Phase 1
Speech +
Data
GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR
R
Phase 1
Speech+
Data
Phase 2
ISDN-
Features
GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR
R
Phase 1
Speech +
Data
Phase 2
ISDN-
Features
Phase 2+
New Services,
High Data Rates
Closed User Groups
U
M
T
S
Year 1991 1995 1997
D
o
w
n
w
a
r
d
C
o
m
p
a
t
i
b
i
l
i
t
y
Complexity
GSM Evolutionary Concept
3
GPRS general
aspects
GPRS
services
GPRS air
interface
EGPRS
classic
EDGE
packet switched
circuit
switched
HSCSD
GPRS
packet
switched
EDGE
circuit
switched
ECSD
EGPRS
GSM
circuit switched
GPRS = Extension of GSM
ECSD = Enhanced Circuit Switched Data = Extension of GSM/HSCSD
EGPRS = Enhanced GPRS = Extension of GPRS
2.5G Technology Overview
4
GPRS general
aspects
GPRS
services
GPRS air
interface
GPRS-Features
GPRS - Features:
Direct connection to packet data networks
Co-existence with existing circuit switched networks
Circuit switched data transmission
Packet switched data transmission
Higher data rate due to channel bundling
Higher data rate due to channel coding
Dynamic allocation of transmission resource
5
GPRS general
aspects
GPRS
services
GPRS air
interface
BSC
Serving
GSN
Gateway
GSN
PDN
MS connects directly to the internet via
GPRS-network (Access point name, APN
defines external network)
MS is available out of external network due to its own
IP-address. This address may be static or dynamic
BSC = Base Station Controller PDN = Packet Data Network
GSN = GPRS Support Node IP = Internet Protocol
GPRS-Features
Direct connection to the internet
MS
Internet
6
GPRS general
aspects
GPRS
services
GPRS air
interface
BSC
Serving GPRS
Support Node
Mobile Switching
Center, MSC
PCU
Packet Control Unit is working as a switch between
circuit switched and packet switched channels
GPRS- Features
Co-existence with circuit switched networks
GSM
GPRS
7
GPRS general
aspects
GPRS
services
GPRS air
interface
GPRS- Features
Circuit switched network
Packet switched network
Difference between circuit and packet switched
8
GPRS general
aspects
GPRS
services
GPRS air
interface
GPRS- Features
Multislot example:
3 physical channels
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
power
time
TDMA-frame
GSM Circuit Switched Channel
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
power
time
TDMA-frame
GPRS Packet Switched Channel
Allocation of 1 Timeslot within 1 Frame
Bundling of Timeslots within 1 Frame
9
GPRS general
aspects
GPRS
services
GPRS air
interface
GPRS-Features
Transmitter
Receiver
Channel
source coding
channel coding
modulation
RF
...
demodulation
detection
estimation
decoding
...
delay
attenuation
multipath propagation
fading
interference
...
Modify channel coding to enhance
data transmission rate
10
GPRS general
aspects
GPRS
services
GPRS air
interface
GPRS- Features
GSM-
data rate
Information: Error protection: Total:
Traffic channel : 22.8 kbit/s
- Voice (full-rate): 13.0 kbit/s 9.8 kbit/s
- Data: 2.4 kbit/s 20,4 kbit/s
4.8 kbit/s 18.0 kbit/s
9.6 kbit/s 13.2 kbit/s
Control channels : 0.95 kbit/s
Idle frame: 0.95 kbit/s
Total: 24.7 kbit/s
GPRS-data rate
9,05 kbit/s
21,4 kbit/s
Flexible
relating
between
error protection
&
data
Coding scheme 1
Coding scheme 4
Fix relating
11
GPRS general
aspects
GPRS
services
GPRS air
interface
GPRS- Features
Coding Scheme 1
Coding Scheme 4
Data FEC
Data FEC
Receiver
Transmitter Receiver Channel
Coding Scheme 2
Coding Scheme 3
FEC = Forward Error Correction
12
GPRS general
aspects
GPRS
services
GPRS air
interface
RLC Data
RLC
Header
BCS
USF
MAC-Header
USF
Convolutional
Coding
Puncturing
456 Bit
57 Bit 57 Bit 57 Bit 57 Bit 57 Bit 57 Bit 57 Bit 57 Bit
Burst Forming
Radio Block
netto
Channel
coding
Radio Block
= 4 Bursts
GPRS Radio Block Construction
13
GPRS general
aspects
GPRS
services
GPRS air
interface
Channel Coding
Scheme
Code
rate
USF Pre-coded
USF
Radio Block
USF and BCS
BCS Tail Coded
bits
Punctured
bits
Data rate
kb/s
CS-1 1/2 3 3 181 40 4 456 0 9.05
CS-2 2/3
3 6 268 16 4 588 132 13.4
CS-3 3/4
3 6 312 16 4 676 220 15.6
CS-4 1 3 12 428 16 - 456 - 21.4
GPRS: Coding Schemes CS-1 up to CS-4
excl.
USF: Uplink status flag
BCS: Block check sequece
14
GPRS general
aspects
GPRS
services
GPRS air
interface
Channel Coding
Scheme Code rate USF Pre-coded
USF
Radio
Block
excl. USF
and BCS
BCS Tail Coded
bits
Punctured
bits
Data rate
kb/s
CS-1 1/2 3 3 181 40 4 456 0 9.05
CS-2 2/3 3 6 268 16 4 588 132 13.4
CS-3
3/4 3 6 312 16 4 676 220 15.6
CS-4 1 3 12 428 16 - 456 - 21.4
Total bits with CS-1: 3 + 181 + 40 +4 = 228bit
228 bit with code rate 1/2 => 456 bit
15
GPRS general
aspects
GPRS
services
GPRS air
interface
Channel Coding
Scheme Code rate USF Pre-coded
USF
Radio
Block
excl. USF
and BCS
BCS Tail Coded
bits
Punctured
bits
Data rate
kb/s
CS-1 1/2 3 3 181 40 4 456 0 9.05
CS-2
2/3
3 6 268 16 4 588 132 13.4
CS-3 3/4 3 6 312 16 4 676 220 15.6
CS-4 1 3 12 428 16 - 456 - 21.4
Total bits with CS-2: 6 + 268 + 16 +4 = 294bit
294 bit with code rate 1/2 => 588 bit
But 588 bits do not fit into 1 Radio Block (size = 456 bit)
=> Puncturing of 132 bits
16
GPRS general
aspects
GPRS
services
GPRS air
interface
GPRS- Features
Signal to
noise ratio
Data transmission rate
CS-4
high
low
CS-3
CS-2
CS-1
Signal to noise ratio
on the air interface
determines the
best coding scheme
good
quality
bad
quality
17
GPRS general
aspects
GPRS
services
GPRS air
interface
GPRS- Features
Traffic, Urban Cell
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
0
:
0
0
2
:
0
0
4
:
0
0
6
:
0
0
8
:
0
0
1
0
:
0
0
1
2
:
0
0
1
4
:
0
0
1
6
:
0
0
1
8
:
0
0
2
0
:
0
0
2
2
:
0
0
0
:
0
0
Time
M
i
n
u
t
e
s
Capacity of cell
Blocked calls, congestion
Freecapacities
18
GPRS general
aspects
GPRS
services
GPRS air
interface
-reliability,
-delay,
-user data throughput,
-service precedence (priority),
-scheduled repeated transmission
GPRS-Services
Quality of Service Profile
(as specified in GSM Spec. 02.60)
19
GPRS general
aspects
GPRS
services
GPRS air
interface
Reliability
class
Lost SDU
probability
(a)
Duplicate
SDU
probability
Out of
Sequence
SDU
probability
Corrupt SDU
probability
(b)
Example of application
characteristics.
1
10
-9
10
-9
10
-9
10
-9
Error sensitive, no error correction
capability, limited error tolerance
capability.
2
10
-4
10
-5
10
-5
10
-6
Error sensitive, limited error correction
capability, good error tolerance
capability.
3
10
-2
10
-5
10
-5
10
-2
Not error sensitive, error correction
capability and/or very good error
tolerance capability.
GPRS-Services: Reliability
Reliability
SDU = Service Data Unit
20
GPRS general
aspects
GPRS
services
GPRS air
interface
GPRS-Services: Throughput
Peak Throughput Class Peak Throughput in octets per second
1 Up to 1 000 (8 kbit/s).
2 Up to 2 000 (16 kbit/s).
3 Up to 4 000 (32 kbit/s).
4 Up to 8 000 (64 kbit/s).
5 Up to 16 000 (128 kbit/s).
6 Up to 32 000 (256 kbit/s).
7 Up to 64 000 (512 kbit/s).
8 Up to 128 000 (1 024 kbit/s).
9 Up to 256 000 (2 048 kbit/s).
Mean Throughput Class Mean Throughput in octets per hour
1 100 (~0.22 bit/s).
2 200 (~0.44 bit/s).
3 500 (~1.11 bit/s).
4 1 000 (~2.2 bit/s).
5 2 000 (~4.4 bit/s).
6 5 000 (~11.1 bit/s).
7 10 000 (~22 bit/s).
8 20 000 (~44 bit/s).
9 50 000 (~111 bit/s).
10 100 000 (~0.22 kbit/s).
11 200 000 (~0.44 kbit/s).
12 500 000 (~1.11 kbit/s).
13 1 000 000 (~2.2 kbit/s).
14 2 000 000 (~4.4 kbit/s).
15 5 000 000 (~11.1 kbit/s).
16 10 000 000 (~22 kbit/s).
17 20 000 000 (~44 kbit/s).
18 50 000 000 (~111 kbit/s).
31 Best effort.
Mean throughput
Peak throughput
21
GPRS general
aspects
GPRS
services
GPRS air
interface
GPRS-Services: Delay
Delay(maximumvalues)
SDUsize: 128octets SDUsize: 1024 octets
DelayClass
Mean
Transfer
Delay (sec)
95percentile
Delay (sec)
Mean
Transfer
Delay (sec)
95percentile
Delay (sec)
1. (Predictive)
<0.5 <1.5 <2 <7
2. (Predictive)
<5 <25 <15 <75
3. (Predictive)
<50 <250 <75 <375
4. (Best Effort)
Unspecified
Delay class
SDU = Service Data Unit
22
GPRS general
aspects
GPRS
services
GPRS air
interface
GPRS-Services: Service precedence
Service precedence
high precedence
normal precedence
low precedence
Packet switched network
Store and forward
Defines the order of forwarding
or the order of deleting in case
of congestion
23
GPRS general
aspects
GPRS
services
GPRS air
interface
GPRS-Mobile Station
Multislot class Maximumnumber of slots
Rx Tx Sum
1 1 1 2
2 2 1 3
3 2 2 3
4 3 1 4
5 2 2 4
6 3 2 4
7 3 3 4
8 4 1 5
9 3 2 5
10 4 2 5
11 4 3 5
12 4 4 5
13 3 3 6
14 4 4 8
15 5 5 10
16 6 6 12
17 7 7 14
18 8 8 16
19 6 2 8
20 6 3 9
21 6 4 10
22 6 4 10
23 6 6 12
24 8 2 10
25 8 3 11
26 8 4 12
27 8 4 12
28 8 6 14
29 8 8 16
GPRS-
Multislot classes
24
GPRS general
aspects
GPRS
services
GPRS air
interface
GPRS-Mobile Station
class
B
class
A
class
C
MS classes
GSM and
GPRS
simultaneously
GSM and
GPRS
simultaneously
GSM and
GPRS
not
simultaneously
GSM and
GPRS
not
simultaneously
Pure GPRS ,
either GSM
or GPRS
respectively
Pure GPRS ,
either GSM
or GPRS
respectively
25
GPRS general
aspects
GPRS
services
GPRS air
interface
GPRS-Architecture
CCU
BSC PCU
VLR
VLR
HLR
GPRS
Info
GMSC MSC
SGSN
GGSN
PSTN
ISDN
PDN
CCU
CCU
CCU
circuit-
switched
packet-
switched BTS
MS BSS NSS external
GPRS: New components in network architecture:
BTS =Base Transceiver Station MSC=Mobile Switching Center BSS=Base Station Subsystem
BSC=Base Station Controller HLR=Home Location Register MS=Mobile Station
VLR = Visitor Location Register NSS=Network Switching Subsystem
SGSN = Serving GPRS Support Node GGSN - Gateway GPRS Support Node
26
GPRS general
aspects
GPRS
services
GPRS air
interface
Relay
Network
Service
GTP
Application
IP
SNDCP
LLC
RLC
MAC
GSM RF
SNDCP
LLC
BSSGP
L1bis
RLC
MAC
GSM RF
BSSGP
L1bis
Relay
L2
L1
IP
L2
L1
IP
GTP
IP
Um Gb Gn
MS BSS SGSN GGSN
Network
Service
UDP /
TCP
UDP /
TCP
GPRS-Architecture
GPRS Transmission Plane
GPRS forms a bearer service for IP-based data
PDN
27
GPRS general
aspects
GPRS
services
GPRS air
interface
Signalling needed
high
low
Size of Location Area
small
big
Signalling in Uplink direction
GPRS-Routing Area
Signalling in Downlink direction
Envelope curve of uplink and
downlink signalling.The minimum of
signalling obtained is the desired size
of the location area
Circuit
switched
28
GPRS general
aspects
GPRS
services
GPRS air
interface
Signalling needed
high
low
Size of Location Area
small
big
Signalling in Uplink direction
Signalling in Downlink direction
NEW envelope curve of uplink and
downlink signalling.The new minimum of
signalling obtained is the desired size
of the routing area
Circuit
switched
GPRS-Routing Area
Packet
switched
Size of Routing Area
Packet switched
requires more
paging in DL
29
GPRS general
aspects
GPRS
services
GPRS air
interface
Location Area Identification
MCC MNC
LAC
LAI, Location Area Identity
= RAC RAI LAI + = LAC MNC MCC + + + RAC
RAI, Routing Area Identity
GPRS-Routing Area
MCC = Mobile Country Code MNC = Mobile Network Code
RAC = Routing Area Code LAC = Location Area Code
30
GPRS general
aspects
GPRS
services
GPRS air
interface
GPRS Routing area update procedures
Location Updates in GPRS
Routing Area Update, RAC changes
Cell Identity Update if requested
Periodic Routing Area Update, Timer T3312 expires
31
GPRS general
aspects
GPRS
services
GPRS air
interface
MS Network
ROUTING AREA UPDATE REQUEST
If P-TMSI or
TMSI allocated,
or Receive N-PDU
Number needed
ROUTING AREA UPDATE ACCEPT
ROUTING AREA UPDATE COMPLETE
Stop T3330
Start T3330
Stop T3350
Start T3350
or
ROUTING AREA UPDATE REJECT
Stop T3330
ROUTING AREA UPDATE REQUEST
Start T3330
If P-TMSI or
TMSI allocated,
or Receive N-PDU
Number needed
Routing area update procedure
32
GPRS general
aspects
GPRS
services
GPRS air
interface
Cell update procedure
If MS initiated cell re-selection in READY state, cell
update informs the SGSN about the new serving cell
Cell update is done by transmitting an LLC frame
Parameter NCO, Network Control Order in SysInfo:
MS or network initiated cell reselection
The network may request measurement reports from the MS and control its cell re-selection.
This is indicated by the parameter NETWORK_CONTROL_ORDER.
NC0 Normal MS control
The MS shall perform autonomous cell re-selection.
NC1 MS control with measurement reports
The MS shall send measurement reports.
The MS shall perform autonomous cell re-selection.
NC2 Network control
The MS shall send measurement reports to the network
The MS shall not perform autonomous cell re-selection
33
GPRS general
aspects
GPRS
services
GPRS air
interface
GPRS-state model of MS
GPRS IDLE State
GPRS STANDBY State
GPRS READY State
GPRS attach GPRS detach
READY Timer T3314
expiry
PDU transmission
Initialisation and cell selection
34
GPRS general
aspects
GPRS
services
GPRS air
interface
GPRS IDLE State
MS is not ready for GPRS Services
MS may be switched off
MS of class A or class B may be IMSI attached
MS reads SysInfo to know whether GPRS is supported
If packet data transfer is requested by higher layers,
the MS is initiating the GPRS attach procedure
35
GPRS general
aspects
GPRS
services
GPRS air
interface
GPRS STANDBY State
MS is GPRS attached
MS performs routing area update if necessary
GMM context is established
PDP context may be activated or deactivated
MS listens to paging channels
If higher layers request data transfer, MS starts PDP
context activation if necessary and TBF establishment
36
GPRS general
aspects
GPRS
services
GPRS air
interface
GPRS READY State
MS is GPRS attached and PDP context is active
MS performs cell update if necessary
MS must be in READY state to transfer data
GPRS READY State
Packet Idle mode
Packet Transfer mode
Mobility management Radio Resource management
37
GPRS general
aspects
GPRS
services
GPRS air
interface
GPRS Mobility Management
PDU transmission
GPRS Attach
READY timer expiry
or
Force to STANDBY
GPRS Detach
GPRS Attach
PDU reception
GPRS Detach
or
Cancel Location
MM State Model of MS MM State Model of SGSN
IDLE
STANDBY
READY
IDLE
STANDBY
READY
READY timer expiry
or
Force to STANDBY
or
Abnormal RLC condition
Mobility Management States
38
GPRS general
aspects
GPRS
services
GPRS air
interface
MS Network
ATTACH REQUEST
Start T3310
ATTACH ACCEPT
ATTACH REJECT
Stop T3310
Stop T3310
or
ATTACH COMPLETE
Stop T3350
ATTACH REQUEST
Start T3310
If P-TMSI and/or
TMSI allocated
Start T3350
If P-TMSI and/or
TMSI allocated
GPRS Attach procedure
39
GPRS general
aspects
GPRS
services
GPRS air
interface
GPRS Attach procedure
GPRS Attach is mandatory
Combined GPRS/IMSI attach is possible
Establishes a GMM context
Negociated parameters:
P-TMSI, TMSI, DRX parameters,
READY timer value, Routing Area Identity
Periodic routing area update timer value
MS radio access capabilities, e.g. multislot class
ciphering keys, MS power class, etc.
40
GPRS general
aspects
GPRS
services
GPRS air
interface
GPRS Detach procedure
GPRS detach may be initiated by MS or network
GPRS detach will delete GMM context
There are different causes for GPRS detach:
GPRS detach with switching off,
GPRS detach without switching off,
IMSI detach,
GPRS/IMSI detach with switching off,
re-attach not required
re-attach required
IMSI detach after VLR failure
41
GPRS general
aspects
GPRS
services
GPRS air
interface
SIM card shall handle 2
result parameter sets
1 for GSM
1 for GPRS
=> problems
with old SIM
cards. MS will
store the values
instead.
R
A
N
D
Triplet for
IMSI "xyz" ?
RAND
SRES
Kc
S
R
E
S
SIM
A3
K
i
RAND
SRES
AUC
A3
K
i
RAND
SRES
MSC
SRES
=
SRES
?
GPRS authentication procedure
GPRS uses the same
algorithm for authentication
that is known from GSM
42
GPRS general
aspects
GPRS
services
GPRS air
interface
GPRS ciphering procedure
The ciphering key Kc is
calculated like
known from GSM.
SIM card shall handle 2
result parameter sets
1 for GSM
1 for GPRS
=> problems
with old SIM
cards. MS will
store the values
instead.
R
A
N
D
Triplet for
IMSI xyz?
SIM AUC
MSC
K
i
RAND
A8
K
c
K
i
RAND
A8
K
c
K
c
RAND
SRES
K
c
store
43
GPRS general
aspects
GPRS
services
GPRS air
interface
INPUT DIRECTION
Kc
CIPHER
ALGORITHM
Kc
CIPHER
ALGORITHM
PLAIN TEXT
PLAIN TEXT
CIPHERED TEXT CIPHERED TEXT
SGSN/MS MS/SGSN
OUTPUT OUTPUT
INPUT DIRECTION
GPRS ciphering procedure
Kc 64 bits, derived from Kc generation procedure
INPUT 32 bits, LLC frame dependent parameter, set to random initial value
DIRECTION 1 bit, indicates the direction
OUTPUT 1600 octets max.
CIPHER ALGORITHM used ciphering algorithm, A5/x, ordered by network
44
GPRS general
aspects
GPRS
services
GPRS air
interface
GPRS: Session Management
PDP-Address
PDP-Address
GPRS-Network
Application A:
Internet
Application B:
E-Mail
Identifies Packet
Data Protocol of
application
Packet Data Protocol - Address, PDP-address
45
GPRS general
aspects
GPRS
services
GPRS air
interface
Deactivate PDP Context
or
MM state change to IDLE
Activate PDP
Context
INACTIVE
ACTIVE
Packet Data Protocol State
46
GPRS general
aspects
GPRS
services
GPRS air
interface
MS SGSN GGSN
2. Security
Functions
1. Activate PDP
Context Request
3. Create PDP
Context Request
4. Create PDP
Context Response
5. Activate PDP
Context Accept
- NSAPI- PDP Address
- PDP Type- QoS requested
- Access Point Name
- PDP Configuration Options
- determines PDP Address (if dynamic)
- determines external PDN
- handles PDP Configuration Options
- may restrict QoS
- add NSAPI, PDP Address,
and GGSN Address into
PDP Context
- determines
Radio Priority Level
- TID- PDP Address
- NSAPI
- QoS negotiated
- Radio Priority Level
- PDP Configuration
Options
PDP Context Activation Procedure
47
GPRS general
aspects
GPRS
services
GPRS air
interface
GPRS network operation modes
CCU
BSC PCU
HLR
GMSC
MSC
SGSN
GGSN
PSTN
ISDN
PDN
CCU
CCU
CCU
circuit-
switched
packet-
switched BTS
VLR
Responsible for mobility
management and session
management in GPRS
Responsible for mobility
management and call
control in GSM
Gs interface
This interface
is optional!
48
GPRS general
aspects
GPRS
services
GPRS air
interface
GPRS Radio Interface: Common Features to GSM
GPRS needs Circuit Switched Signalling:
FCCH, SCH and BCCH
GPRS uses GSM Normal Burst for data transport:
GPRS uses same Modulation: GMSK
T Information
F
G Information
F
Trainings-
sequence
3 57 1 26 3 1 57 8,25
T
T = Tailbits F = Flagbits G= Guardtime
GPRS Radio Interface
49
GPRS general
aspects
GPRS
services
GPRS air
interface
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
TN
FN = Frame number TN = Timeslot number
}
= 1 Frame
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 70 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 70 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Mapping of TCH and PDCH on a frequency channel
GSM TCH: Traffic channel in circuit switched mode, 26-Multiframe
12 x TCH 12 x TCH S I
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Frequency channel
GPRS PDCH:
1 Radio Block =
4 Bursts
GPRS PDCH:
1 Radio Block =
4 Bursts
GPRS PDCH: Traffic or signalling channel in packet switched mode
FN
S = SACCH
GPRS Physical Resource
50
GPRS general
aspects
GPRS
services
GPRS air
interface
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
TN
FN = Frame number TN = Timeslot number
}
= 1 Frame
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 70 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 70 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Reminder: Mapping of GSM-TCH on a frequency channel
GSM TCH: Traffic channel in circuit switched mode, 26-Multiframe
12 x TCH 12 x TCH S I
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Frequency channel
GPRS PDCH:
1 Radio Block =
4 Bursts
GPRS PDCH:
1 Radio Block =
4 Bursts
GPRS PDCH: Traffic or signalling channel in packet switched mode
FN
S = SACCH
GSM-TCH:
1 Timeslot in Uplink and Downlink direction,
using the 26 Multiframe
51
GPRS general
aspects
GPRS
services
GPRS air
interface
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
TN
TN = Timeslot number
}
= 1 Frame
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 70 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 70 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Mapping of GPRS-PDCH on a frequency channel
GPRS PDCH:
1 Radio Block =
4 Bursts
GPRS PDCH:
1 Radio Block =
4 Bursts
1 Radio Block
is the smallest
transport unit
in GPRS!
2 Radio Blocks
may belong to 2
different users!
=> sharing of
physical resources
Radio Block transmits signalling or data
52
GPRS general
aspects
GPRS
services
GPRS air
interface
GSM
Physical resource = 1 Timeslot on 1 Frequency Channel
e.g. ARFCN + TN
GPRS, using Temporary Block Flow to identify radio resource
Physical resource = N Radio Blocks (=4 Normal Bursts) on 1 or more Timeslots.
Temporary Block Flow, TBF identifies allocated physical resource
Allocation of physical
resource
Downlink Uplink
Symmetric data transfer
Downlink Uplink
Downlink Uplink
Symmetric data transfer Asymmetric data transfer
fixed
dynamic
Extended
dynamic
or
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4
downlink
uplink
53
GPRS general
aspects
GPRS
services
GPRS air
interface
GPRS: Additional Logical Channels
PBCCH
Signalling
and Control
Packet
Traffic Channels
PCCCH
PPCH
PRACH
MS initiates uplink transfer
PAGCH Resource assignment to an MS
PNCH Notifying Packet Transfer
Broadcast of packet data
specific information
PDTCH Packet Data Transfer; (multislot)
PACCH
DL
UL
DL
DL
DL
DL & UL
PTCH
Signalling: resource allocation,
acknowledgements, PC, TA, etc.
Paging MSs for packet data
and circuit switched services
PDCH: Packet Data Channel:
54
GPRS general
aspects
GPRS
services
GPRS air
interface
Channel Combinations
CIRCUIT SWITCHED (51 MFM)
i)
TCH/F + FACCH/F + SACCH/TF
ii)
TCH/H(0,1) + FACCH/H(0,1) + SACCH/TH(0,1)
iii)
TCH/H(0,0) + FACCH/H(0,1) + SACCH/TH(0,1) + TCH/H(1,1)
iv)
FCCH + SCH + BCCH + CCCH
v)
FCCH + SCH + BCCH + CCCH+SDCCH/4(0..3)+SACCH/C4(0..3)
vi)
BCCH + CCCH
vii)
SDCCH/8(0 .7) + SACCH/C8(0 . 7)
viii )
TCH/F + FACCH/F + SACCH/M
ix)
TCH/F + SACCH/M
x)
TCH/FD + SACCH/MD
GPRS (52 MFM)
xi
) PBCCH+PCCCH+PDTCH+PACCH+PTCCH
xii
) PCCCH+PDTCH+PACCH+PTCCH
xiii
)PDTCH+PACCH+PTCCH
whereCCCH = PCH + RACH + AGCH + NCH and PCCCH=PPCH+PRACH+PAGCH+PNCH.
3 new channel
combinations in
GPRS
55
GPRS general
aspects
GPRS
services
GPRS air
interface
GPRS: Signalling Information
Signalling Information about GPRS
Circuit switched
BCCH
PDCH additional PDCH
PBCCH PCCCH
Complete GPRS Info
or
Pointer to PBCCH
Existence mandatory Existence optional Existence optional
GPRS-Info,
GPRS Signalling
Additional
GPRS-Info
56
GPRS general
aspects
GPRS
services
GPRS air
interface
GPRS: Signalling Information
Broadcast Control Channel
Common Control Channels
Packet Broadcast Control
Channel
Packet Common Control
Channels
C
o
m
p
l
e
x
i
t
y
57
GPRS general
aspects
GPRS
services
GPRS air
interface
1 2 3 4 0
1 2 3 4 0
1 2 3 4 0
47 48 49 50 46
22 23 24 25 21
48 49 50 51 47
1 2 5 3 4 6 0 7 1 2 5 3 4 6 0 7 1 2 5 3 4 6 0 7
Multiframes used in GSM and GPRS
51-Multiframe: GSM-Signalling
26-Multiframe: GSM-Traffic
52-Multiframe: GPRS-Signalling and Traffic
GPRS + GSM Multiframes
58
GPRS general
aspects
GPRS
services
GPRS air
interface
B9 B10 B11 B6 B7 B8 B3 B4 B5 B0 B1 B2
T X X
T
B0 - B11 = Radio Blocks T = Frame used for PTCCH X = Idle frame
52 TDMA Frames
52 - Multiframe Structure for PDCH
NB NB NB NB
1 Radio Block = 4 TS in consecutive TDMA Frames
Uplink-Multiplexing:
PDTCH & PACCH
PDTCH, PACCH & PRACH
or
Downlink-Multiplexing:
PDTCH & PACCH
PDTCH & PACCH & PCCCH
incl. PBCCH
PDTCH & PACCH & PCCCH
without PBCCH
GPRS Multiframe
59
GPRS general
aspects
GPRS
services
GPRS air
interface
B0 B1 B2 T B3 B4 B5 X B6 B7 B8 T B9 B10 B11 X
PTCCH
GPRS Timing Advance on PTCCH
Position of PTCCH on 52-Multiframe
52 Frames
PTCCH is a
new logical
channel in GPRS
PTCCH is a
new logical
channel in GPRS
60
GPRS general
aspects
GPRS
services
GPRS air
interface
GSM Timing Advance and Guard Period
BTS
MS
BTS sends Timing Advance value
to each MS individually to eliminate
delay time effects
MS starts transmitting
Timing Advance-
bit periods earlier to
be at the BTS side
right in time
61
GPRS general
aspects
GPRS
services
GPRS air
interface
P
T
C
C
H
/
U
p
l
i
n
k
P
T
C
C
H
/
D
o
w
n
l
i
n
k
=
1
A
c
c
e
s
s
B
u
r
s
t
=
1
R
a
d
io
B
lo
c
k
=
4
N
o
r
m
a
l
B
u
r
s
t
s
Packet Timing Advance Control Channel, PTCCH
MS sends Access Burst on uplink
Network sends Control Message on downlink
62
GPRS general
aspects
GPRS
services
GPRS air
interface
B0 B1 B2 T B3 B4 B5 X B6 B7 B8 T B9 B10 B11 X
PTCCH
GPRS Timing Advance on PTCCH
52 Frames
P
T
C
C
H
/
U
p
lin
k
P
T
C
C
H
/
D
o
w
n
lin
k
=
1
A
c
c
e
s
s
B
u
r
s
t
=
1
R
a
d
io
B
lo
c
k
=
4
N
o
r
m
a
l
B
u
r
s
ts
MS has 2 possibilities within 52 Multiframe, but
network needs 4 Normal Burst to transmit the message!
63
GPRS general
aspects
GPRS
services
GPRS air
interface
52-multiframe number n:
uplink TAI=0 TAI=1
B0 B1 B2 0 B3 B4 B5 1 B6 B7 B8 2 B9 B10 B11 3
downlink TA_message 1 TA message 1
52-multiframe number n + 1:
uplink TAI=2 TAI=3
B0 B1 B2 4 B3 B4 B5 5 B6 B7 B8 6 B9 B10 B11 7
downlink TA message 1 TA message 1
uplink TAI=4 TAI=5
B0 B1 B2 8 B3 B4 B5 9 B6 B7 B8 10 B9 B10 B11 11
uplink TAI=6 TAI=7
B0 B1 B2 12 B3 B4 B5 13 B6 B7 B8 14 B9 B10 B11 15
uplink TAI=8 TAI=9
B0 B1 B2 16 B3 B4 B5 17 B6 B7 B8 18 B9 B10 B11 19
uplink TAI=10 TAI=11
B0 B1 B2 20 B3 B4 B5 21 B6 B7 B8 22 B9 B10 B11 23
B0 B1 B2 24 B3 B4 B5 25 B6 B7 B8 26 B9 B10 B11 27
Operation of PTCCH on 52 Multiframe
TAI = Timing
Advance Identifier
to define the Frame,
where the MS is
allowed to transmit
one Access Burst
on the PTCCH/uplink
64
GPRS general
aspects
GPRS
services
GPRS air
interface
52-multiframe number n:
uplink TAI=0 TAI=1
B0 B1 B2 0 B3 B4 B5 1 B6 B7 B8 2 B9 B10 B11 3
downlink TA_message 1 TA message 1
uplink TAI=2 TAI=3
B0 B1 B2 4 B3 B4 B5 5 B6 B7 B8 6 B9 B10 B11 7
uplink TAI=4 TAI=5
B0 B1 B2 8 B3 B4 B5 9 B6 B7 B8 10 B9 B10 B11 11
uplink TAI=6 TAI=7
B0 B1 B2 12 B3 B4 B5 13 B6 B7 B8 14 B9 B10 B11 15
uplink TAI=8 TAI=9
B0 B1 B2 16 B3 B4 B5 17 B6 B7 B8 18 B9 B10 B11 19
B0 B1 B2 20 B3 B4 B5 21 B6 B7 B8 22 B9 B10 B11 23
B0 B1 B2 24 B3 B4 B5 25 B6 B7 B8 26 B9 B10 B11 27
Operation of PTCCH on 52 Multiframe
Network transmits Timing Advance Control
Message with length of 4 Normal Bursts
on PTCCH/Downlink
65
GPRS general
aspects
GPRS
services
GPRS air
interface
GPRS Allocation of physical resource
Allocation of physical
resource
fixed
dynamic
Extended
dynamic
Allocation of physical resources can be done belonging
3 different modes. Fixed and dynamic allocation is
mandatory, extended dynamic allocation is optional.
66
GPRS general
aspects
GPRS
services
GPRS air
interface
d
o
w
n
l
i
n
k
U
S
F
R
a
d
i
o
B
l
o
c
k
B
(
n
)
USF = R1
USF = R2
USF = R3
USF =R4
u
p
l
i
n
k
R
a
d
i
o
B
l
o
c
k
B
(
n
+
1
)
Monitoring USF in Block B(n)
Sends in Block B(n+1)
or in Blocks B(n+1) - B(n+4)
GPRS Dynamic Assignment
USF = Uplink State Flag
USF sent in downlink Radio Block
points to the user of the next
uplink Radio Block
(or the next 4 Radio Blocks, if USF Granularity bit is set)
67
GPRS general
aspects
GPRS
services
GPRS air
interface
d
o
w
n
l
i
n
k
U
S
F
R
a
d
i
o
B
l
o
c
k
B
(
n
)
USF = R1
USF = R2
USF = R3
USF =R4
u
p
l
i
n
k
R
a
d
i
o
B
l
o
c
k
B
(
n
+
1
)
Monitoring USF in Block B(n)
Sends in Block B(n+1)
or in Blocks B(n+1) - B(n+4)
GPRS Extended Dynamic Allocation
USF = Uplink State Flag
USF allowing to transmit 1 or 4 Radio
Blocks on that PDCH and on all higher
numbered assigned PDCHs
68
GPRS general
aspects
GPRS
services
GPRS air
interface
Thank you for your attention
Visit the CMU200 web @ https://gloris.rohde-schwarz.com/
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Gprs

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