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Ionic Bonding
Formal Charges
Resonance
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!" Electron trans#er leads to the #ormation o# ionic com$ounds %
Lattice Energy& '
Lattice Energy& '
Com$ound Ions
Lattice
Energy )*+
mol
,"
-
LiCl Li
.
and Cl
,
/0
1aCl 1a
.
and Cl
,
22
3Cl 3
.
and Cl
,
245
LiF Li
.
and F
,
"4%%
CaCl
6
Ca
6.
and Cl
,
660
7lCl
%
7l
%.
and Cl
,
0/56
Ca8 Ca
6.
and 8
69
%/4"
7l
6
8
%
7l
%.
and 8
69
"0&5":
Forms 6. ions
Forms %. ions
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!" Electron trans#er leads to the #ormation o# ionic com$ounds
Electron Con#iguration o# Cations
Electron Con#iguration o# Cations
Ia ? J7rK /s
6
%d
"4
/$
"
9 " e9 <
Ia
.
? J7rK /s
6
%d
"4
9 6 more e9 <
Ia
%.
? J7rK %d
"4
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!" Electron trans#er leads to the #ormation o# ionic com$ounds 5
Predicting Cation con#igurations
Predicting Cation con#igurations
Bi
.
& Bi
6.
& Bi
0.
Fe
.
& Fe
6.
& Fe
%.
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!" Electron trans#er leads to the #ormation o# ionic com$ounds "4
Mour FurnN
Mour FurnN
=hich is a li*ely charge #or Sb ion>
7! 6.
B! %.
C! /.
E! 7ll are $ossible
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!" Electron trans#er leads to the #ormation o# ionic com$ounds ""
Predicting 7nion Con#igurations
Predicting 7nion Con#igurations
8? JHeK6s
6
6$
/
.>e
9
<>
8
69
1? JHeK6s
6
6$
%
.>e
9
<>
1
%9
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"6
"49" Lewis Fheory? 7n 8verview
"49" Lewis Fheory? 7n 8verview
Oalence e
9
$lay a
#undamental role in
chemical bonding!
e
9
trans#er leads to
ionic bonds.
Sharing o# e
9
leads to
covalent bonds.
e
-
are trans#erred o#
shared to give each atom
a noble gas con#iguration
the octet.
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"%
Lewis Symbols
Lewis Symbols
7s
Sb
Bi
7l
Se
7r
#or 1a
.
ion "9"A4
#or 8
69
ion& :9)96-A
J 1a K
.
J 8 K
69
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!6 Lewis symbols hel$ *ee$ trac* o# valence electrons "2
Mour FurnN
Mour FurnN
How many electrons are to be shown on 1
%9
>
7! %
B! 0
C!
E! 1one o# these
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!6! Lewis symbols hel$ *ee$ trac* o# valence electrons "
Chemical Bonds
Chemical Bonds
Share e
9
to gain octet
F9Cl
C98
C91
19Cl
T. T9
T. T9
T9 T.
T9 T.
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!/ Covalent bonds can have $artial charges at o$$osite ends 65
Mour FurnN
Mour FurnN
=hich o# the #ollowing is the correct assignment o#
the $artial charges in the bond 898>
7! 8)T.-98)T9-
B! 8)T9-98)T.-
C! 8)T9-98)T9-
E! 1one o# these
It is non9$olar
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!/ Covalent bonds can have $artial charges at o$$osite ends %4
Ei$ole Homent
Ei$ole Homent
UASVr
SA charge in coulombs& C
" EA%!%/V"4
%4
C m
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!/ Covalent bonds can have $artial charges at o$$osite ends %"
Learning Chec*
Learning Chec*
Fhe C8 molecule has a di$ole moment o# 4!"" E and a bond
length o# ""% $m! =hat is the amount o# charge& in
electronic charge units& on either end o# the bond>
C
D
m C
- "4 ) 60 ! %
"
- "4 ) %/ ! %
m "4
$m
$m ""%
E 4!""
S
r
W
S rX S W
6"
%4
"6
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!0 Fhe reactivities o# metals and nonmetals can be related to their %6
8;idation 7nd Fhe Periodic Fable
8;idation 7nd Fhe Periodic Fable
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!: Erawing Lewis structures is a necessary s*ill %%
Lewis Structures For Covalent Structures
Lewis Structures For Covalent Structures
Elements in the %
rd
$eriod and higher contain PdQ
orbitals& so may accommodate more than ! Fhis
is not the most li*ely situation& but can occur!
H is always terminal
C is always central
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!: Erawing Lewis structures is a necessary s*ill %:
Eraw the Lewis Structure #or
Eraw the Lewis Structure #or
1F
1F
% %
Bond 1 to F
How many e
9
remain> Eistribute them on F to
com$lete octet!
7toms that o#ten #orm multi$le bonds are C& 8& 1&
P& and S