Industrial Engineering Letters www.iiste.

org
ISSN 2224-6096 (Paper) ISSN 2225-05! (online)
"ol.4# No.# 20!4

!
An Appraisal of Technical Skills Possessed by Technical College
Auto-Mechanics Graduates in Nigeria

$u%a&&ad $u%a&&ad Inti
!# 2
'(lan )in '*dul Lati*
!
'udu +u,ai
!# -

!..epart&ent o, /e0%ni0al and Engineering Edu0ation# 1a0ult2 o, Edu0ation#3ni4ersiti /e5nologi $ala2sia
int2&o%dss62a%oo.0o&# p-a(lan6ut&.&2
2."o0ational and /e0%nolog2 Edu0ation Progra&&e# S0%ool o, /e0%nolog2 Edu0ation. '*u*a5ar /a,awa
)alewa 3ni4ersit2# )au0%i# Nigeria
-..epart&ent o, Industrial and /e0%ni0al Edu0ation# S0%ool o, S0ien0e and S0ien0e Edu0ation
1ederal 3ni4ersit2 o, /e0%nolog2# $inna# Niger State# Nigeria
ru,aud6g&ail.0o&

Abstract
/%e stud2 was ai&ed at identi,2ing t%e le4el o, te0%ni0al s5ills possessed *2 te0%ni0al 0ollege auto&oti4e
graduates in 'uto-Ele0tri0al s2ste& &aintenan0e and t%e ,a0tors in,luen0ing t%e le4el o, te0%ni0al s5ills
possessed in auto ele0tri0al &aintenan0e. ' total o, 56 auto-&e0%ani0s te0%ni0al 0ollege graduates t%at are
wor5ing in )au0%i and 7o&*e states and t%eir 42 super4isors ser4ed as t%e respondents o, t%e resear0%. 'uto-
Ele0tri0al tas5 0luster ,ro& t%e National )oard ,or /e0%ni0al Edu0ation (N)/E) &odular 0urri0ulu& was used in
de4eloping t%e instru&ent ,or data 0olle0tion (8uestionnaire). ' test-re-test was used in deter&ining t%e
relia*ilit2 o, t%e instru&ent and Pearson produ0t &o&ent 0orrelation 0oe,,i0ient was used to 0o&pute t%e
relia*ilit2 0oe,,i0ient. /%e instru&ent %ad a relia*ilit2 inde9 o, 0.:2. $ean was used to answer t%e resear0%
8uestions and t-test statisti0s were used to test t%e %2pot%eses at 0.05 signi,i0ant le4els. /%e ,indings o, t%e stud2
re4ealed t%at; te0%ni0al 0ollege auto &e0%ani0 graduates e9%i*ited low le4el o, te0%ni0al s5ills in auto-ele0tri0al
&aintenan0e. /%e use o, outdated tea0%ing and learning ,a0ilities# tea0%er<s 0o&peten02# &is&at0% *etween
0urri0ulu& 0ontent and needs o, industr2 are t%e &a=or ,a0tors a,,e0ting t%e a08uisition o, te0%ni0al s5ills in
auto-ele0tri0al s2ste& &aintenan0e a&ong auto-&e0%ani0s students. It was re0o&&ended t%at real or protot2pe
o, &odern auto&o*ile and up to date e8uip&ent and learning ,a0ilities s%ould *e &ade a4aila*le ,or tea0%ing
students in te0%ni0al 0olleges# re,res%er 0ourses *e organi(ed ,or auto &e0%ani0 tea0%ers regularl2 in t%e auto
&o*ile industr2 to update t%eir te0%ni0al s5ills# >urri0ulu& o, auto-&e0%ani0s trade s%ould *e re4iewed on
regular *asis to re,le0t t%e need o, t%e industries and t%e s0%ool learning en4iron&ent s%ould *e a repli0a o,
wor5ing en4iron&ent.
Keywords/e0%ni0al S5ills#/e0%ni0al >ollege# 'uto- Ele0tri0al S2ste&# 'uto -$e0%ani0s 7raduates.

!ntroduction
/%e 8ualit2 o, te0%ni0al 0ollege graduates %as *een a &a=or sour0e o, 0on0ern *2 &ost e&plo2ers in Nigerian
la*or &ar5et. $ost e&plo2ers in Nigeria e9press t%eir dissatis,a0tion on t%e le4el o, te0%ni0al s5ills possessed
*2 /e0%ni0al >ollege graduates. 'uto&oti4e $e0%ani0s ('$) trade li5e ot%er engineering pro,essions %as
witnessed 0%anges and e9pansion at an a00elerated rate in t%e last t%ree de0ades. /%e auto&o*ile industr2 is
undergoing rapid te0%nologi0al trans,or&ation and is 0urrentl2 ,a0ed wit% in0reased deregulation# a00elerating
glo*ali(ation# and e4er-0%anging 0onsu&er tastes. /%is is in agree&ent wit% t%e 4iews o, .ennis (2002) w%o
stated t%at we are e9perien0ing 0%anges at an in0reasingl2 rapid pa0e in &an2 aspe0ts o, our li4es# wit%
e4er2t%ing &o4ing ,ast. Su0% rapid 0%anges in t%e wor5pla0e are ,or0ing edu0ational s2ste&s into a tig%t 0orner.
/%e use o, 0o&puteri(ed and ele0troni0 s2ste&s in 4e%i0les %as in0reasingl2 *e0o&e an integral part o,
t%e pro0ess in t%e auto&oti4e industr2 (?itainge# 2002). /%ere %as *een an in0rease in t%e produ0tion o, 4e%i0les
wit% auto&ati0 trans&ission and 0o&puteri(ed s2ste&s su0% as transistori(ed ignition s2ste&s# 0%arging and air
0onditioning. In addition# &ost 0ars t%at are now *eing produ0ed %a4e dri4ers< air *ags# 0ruise 0ontrol# auto&ati0
*ra5ing s2ste&(')S) # re&ote lo05ing and auto windows# to &ention *ut a ,ew. @n t%e ot%er %and possession o,
=o* spe0i,i0 s5ills in t%e auto&oti4e trade alone is not enoug% to guarantee a graduate o, o*taining retaining and
progressing on t%e =o*. /%is %as pla0ed a serious 0%allenge on edu0ation# w%i0% %as t%e role o, e8uipping
learners wit% t%e 5nowledgeA attitudes and s5ills ne0essar2 to &at0% t%e pa0e o, t%e te0%nolog2 0%anges in t%e
industr2 all o4er t%e world S0%waller (Inti# 2009).
'uto&oti4e $e0%ani0s >ourse ('$>) is one o, t%e &e0%ani0al engineering trades o,,ered at te0%ni0al
0ollege le4el# t%e e9pe0tation o, t%e so0iet2 and t%e graduates is t%at o, gaining e&plo2&ent in auto&oti4e
industries# esta*lis%ing a repairB $aintenan0e s%op or going ,or ,urt%er studies a,ter graduation. Cowe4er# Di&o%
(!99:) o*ser4ed t%at te0%ni0al 0ollege graduates o, '$> la05 pra0ti0al s5ills and are not 0arr2ing out
&aintenan0e wor5 to t%e e9pe0tations and satis,a0tion o, t%eir e&plo2ers. @5o2e ('tsu&*e# 2002) attri*uted t%e
trend to t%e &is&at0% *etween s5ills de&anded in t%e wor5pla0e and t%ose pro4ided *2 t%e s0%ools. /e0%ni0al
>olleges in )au0%i and 7o&*e States %a4e *een graduating te0%ni0ians in '$> o4er t%e 2ears *ut little or no
Industrial Engineering Letters www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-6096 (Paper) ISSN 2225-05! (online)
"ol.4# No.# 20!4

2
e,,ort %as *een &ade to appraise %ow t%ese graduates are per,or&ing on t%e =o*. .alu*a and 'udu (2006)
o*ser4ed t%at Nigeria %as *een &a5ing se4eral e,,orts to 5eep pa0e wit% ot%er de4eloped nations o, t%e world
t%roug% %er e&p%asis on S0ien0e# /e0%nolog2 and $at%e&ati0s Edu0ation (S/$E). Cowe4er# t%e present
situation o, une&plo2&ent in t%is 0ountr2 a&ong te0%ni0al 0ollege graduates is an indi0ation t%at t%e sel,-reliant
aspe0t o, t%e national o*=e0ti4es %as not *een a0%ie4ed.
It is a well-5nown ,a0t t%at e,,e0ti4e training in s5ill a08uisition %as i&&ensel2 0ontri*uted to t%e
te0%nologi0al e90ellen0e and e0ono&i0 sel,-relian0e o, t%e industriali(ed nations. It is ,or t%is reason t%at E(e=i
and @5orie (!9) w%ile stressing t%e i&portan0e o, s5ill a08uisition in nation growt%# e&p%ati0all2 0ontended
t%at Nigeria<s so0ial and e0ono&i0 pro*le&s will *e drasti0all2 redu0ed i, people are gi4en ade8uate 4o0ational
training in s5ills# raw &aterials# &a0%ineries and e8uip&ent. @suala# (!99) de,ined s5ill as t%e a*ilit2 to
per,or& e9pertl2# ,a0ilitate per,or&an0e during e&plo2&ent.
Eit% t%e in0rease in sop%isti0ation o, auto&o*ile and rapid growt% in nu&*er o, &otor 4e%i0les on
Nigerian roads# t%e need ,or appraising t%e le4el o, te0%ni0al s5ills o, te0%ni0al 0ollege 'uto&oti4e &e0%ani0
graduates in auto-ele0tri0al s2ste& &aintenan0e 0annot *e o4er e&p%asi(ed. /%is will un4eil t%e areas o,
strengt% and wea5nesses o, produ0ts o, te0%ni0al 0olleges in order to en%an0e t%eir 0o&peten02 on t%e =o* and to
also &a5e ne0essar2 i&pro4e&ent ,or ,uture training o, te0%ni0ians# at t%e te0%ni0al 0ollege le4el.
"esearch #uestion $
E%at is t%e le4el o, te0%ni0al s5ills possessed *2 te0%ni0al 0ollege auto&oti4e &e0%ani0s 7raduates in
auto-ele0tri0al s2ste& &aintenan0eF
"esearch #uestion %
E%at are t%e ,a0tors a,,e0tsBIn,luen0e t%e le4el te0%ni0al s5ills possessed *2 te0%ni0al 0ollege
auto&oti4e &e0%ani0s 7raduates in auto-ele0tri0al s2ste& &aintenan0eF
&ypothesis $
/%ere is no

signi,i0ant di,,eren0e *etween t%e $ean response o, 'uto&oti4e $e0%ani0s 7raduate Super4isors
('$7S) and t%e graduates on t%e Le4el o, te0%ni0al s5ills possessed graduates ('$7) in 'uto-Ele0tri0al
S2ste& $aintenan0e.
&ypothesis %
/%ere is no

signi,i0ant di,,eren0e *etween t%e $ean responses o, '$7S and t%e graduates on ,a0tors
a,,e0tingBIn,luen0ing t%e /e0%ni0al s5ills possessed *2 t%e graduates in 'uto-Ele0tri0al S2ste& $aintenan0e.
Methodology
/%e design o, t%is stud2 was a sur4e2. Nworgu (!99!) .es0ri*es sur4e2 resear0% as one in w%i0% a
group o, people or ite&s are studied *2 0olle0ting and anal2(ing data ,ro& onl2 ,ew people or ite&s t%at are
0onsidered to *e representati4e o, t%e entire group. /%e population ,or t%e stud2 was all t%e /e0%ni0al >ollege
'uto&oti4e $e0%ani0s 7raduates and 'uto&oti4e 7raduates wor5s%op-*ased super4isors t%at are wor5ing in
pu*li0 and pri4ate se0tors in )au0%i and 7o&*e States. ' Sa&ple o, 56 'uto&oti4e 7raduates and t%eir 42
auto&oti4e graduates wor5s%op-*ased Super4isors t%at are wor5ing in t%e pu*li0 se0tors o, )au0%i and 7o&*e
States were sele0ted t%roug% >luster sa&pling te0%ni8ue and ser4ed as respondents' /%e instru&ent ,or data
0olle0tion ,or t%is stud2 was stru0tured 8uestionnaire w%i0% was de4eloped *2 t%e resear0%er a,ter. /%e
8uestionnaire ite&s were ,or&ulated *ased on 5-point Li5ert-/2pe S0ale. /%e responses 0ategories are "er2
Cig% ("C)# Cig% (C)# '4erage (')# Low (L) and "er2 Low ("L). /%ese responses 0ategories were assigned
nu&eri0al 4alue o, 5# 4# -# 2# and ! respe0ti4el2.
/%e instru&ent was 4alidated *2 t%ree auto&o*ile te0%nolog2 edu0ation le0turers# t%ree auto&oti4e
tea0%ers and t%ree auto&oti4e wor5s%ops *ased super4isors. ' pilot stud2 was 0ondu0ted using ten te0%ni0al
0ollege 'uto&oti4e &e0%ani0s graduates# t%ree 'uto&oti4e tea0%ers and se4en 'uto&oti4e wor5s%op-*ased
super4isors t%at are wor5ing in Plateau State (outside t%e stud2 are *ut t%e respondents are %a4ing si&ilar
0%ara0teristi0s wit% t%e &ain respondents) # a test-retest &et%od was used# *2 ad&inistering t%e instru&ent to t%e
sa&e respondents twi0e# at an inter4al o, two wee5s and Pearson produ0t &o&ent 0orrelation was used to
deter&ine t%e 0oe,,i0ient o, relia*ilit2 (r) o, t%e instru&ent. /%e instru&ent %ad a relia*ilit2 o, 0.:2.
$ean and 7rand $ean statisti0s were used to answer t%e two resear0% 8uestions. /%e de0ision rule to
a00ept or re=e0t an2 ite& was *ased on &ean o, -.50 and a*o4e# w%ile Paired sa&ple t-/est was used in testing
t%e %2pot%eses at 0.05 le4el o, signi,i0an0e. /%e 0al0ulated 4alues o, t%e t-/est were 0o&pared wit% t%e 0riti0al
4alue o*tained ,ro& t%e t-/est ta*le. C2pot%eses wit% t-0al0ulated 4alue t%at is e8ual or greater t%an t-0riti0al
4alue were re=e0ted# w%ile %2pot%eses wit% t-0al0ulated 4alue t%at are less t%an t-0riti0al 4alue were a00epted.
Presentation of "esults
+esults o, t%e data anal2(ed ,or t%e stud2 were presented in ta*les ! to 4
"esearch #uestion $
E%at is t%e le4el o, te0%ni0al s5ills possessed *2 te0%ni0al 0ollege &otor 4e%i0le &e0%ani0s 7raduates
in auto-ele0tri0alBele0troni0 s2ste&s &aintenan0eF

Industrial Engineering Letters www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-6096 (Paper) ISSN 2225-05! (online)
"ol.4# No.# 20!4

-
Table $
Grand Mean "esponses of M(M Super)isors and Graduates on the le)el of technical skills possessed by
the graduates in Auto-*lectrical Syste+ Maintenance

S,no Practical tasks "elated to Auto-*lectrical Syste+
Maintenance
n
$
-.%
/
0
$

n
%
-12
/
0
%

n
T
-34
/
G0
"e+arks
! .iagnosing o, 0o&&on *atter2 ,aults and t%eir s2&pto&s -.5: -.62 -.60 Cig%
2 >ondu0ting initial *atter2 0%arge and re0%arge -.50 -.52 -.5! Cig%
- )rea5ing down a0id to o*tain t%e 0orre0t ele0trol2te -.62 -.5: -.60 Cig%
4 $easuring spe0i,i0 gra4it2 o, ele0trol2te using %2dro&eter -.6 0 -.64 -.62 Cig%
5 $easuring 4oltage o, 0ells on open 0ir0uit using *atter2 testing
e8uip&ent e.g. %ig% rate dis0%arge tester
-.02 -.0: -.05 '4erage
6 $easuring 4oltage o, 0ells under load using *atter2 testing
e8uip&ent e.g. %ig% rate dis0%arge tester
2.:4 2.6 2.0 Low
: .eter&ining t%e ser4i0ea*ilit2 o, 0o&ponents e.g. ar&ature on
t%e growler# starter &otor

2.40

2.45

2.4-

Low
'sse&*ling starter &otor 0o&ponents appropriatel2 2.-6 2.4 2.42 Low
9 )en0% test starter &otor 2.40 2.- 2.-9 Low
!0 1aults tra0ing in lig%t 0ir0uit 2.5: 2.64 2.65 Low
!! +e0ti,i0ation o, lig%t 0ir0uit 2.4- 2.6: 2.55 Low
!2 1aults tra0ing in tra,i0ator 0ir0uit -.00 -.02 -.0! '4erage
!- +e0ti,i0ation in tra,i0ator 0ir0uit -.02 2.6 2.94 Low
!4 1aults tra0ing in winds0reen wiper 0ir0uit 2.6: 2.62 2.65 Low
!5 +e0ti,i0ation in winds0reen wiper 0ir0uit 2.-6 2.5: 2.4: Low
!6 1aults tra0ing in %eater 0ir0uit 2.55 2.62 2.59 Low
!: +e0ti,i0ation o, %eater 0ir0uit 2.- 2.-! 2.-5 Low
! 1aults tra0ing in petrol pu&p 0ir0uit 2.:! 2.:9 2.:5 Low
!9 +e0ti,i0ation o, petrol pu&p 0ir0uit 2.5: 2.62 2.60 Low
20 1aults tra0ing in warning lig%t 0ir0uit 2.69 2.:! 2.:0 Low
2! +e0ti,i0ation o, warning lig%t 0ir0uit 2.-6 2.45 2.45 Low
22 1aults tra0ing in door glass 0ir0uit 2.4- 2.50 2.4: Low
2- +e0ti,i0ation o, door glass 0ir0uit 2.-6 2.4- 2.40 Low
24 /esting o, 0ir0uit ,or e90essi4e resistan0e 2.40 2.24 2-2 Low
25 .iagnosing o, 0o&&on 0oil ignition s2ste& ,aults 2.95 2.:9 2.-2 Low
26 1aults tra0ing in transistori(ed ignition s2ste& 2.:9 2.29 2.54 Low
2: +e0ti,i0ation o, transistori(ed ignition s2ste& 2.!4 2.29 2.22 Low
%'5% 6ow
/ / /
0
$
-Mean ratings of !ndustrial Super)isors7 0
%
- Mean ratings of M(M Graduates7 G0-Grand Mean
ratings of M(M Graduate and Super)isors7
n
$
-Nu+ber of Super)isors7
n
%
-Nu+ber of M(M Graduates and
n
T
-Total nu+ber of respondents'
/a*le ! indi0ates t%at in 'uto Ele0tri0al S2ste& $aintenan0e# /e0%ni0al >ollege $"$ 7raduates %ad Cig%
le4el o, te0%ni0al s5ills in 4 Pra0ti0al tas5s# ite&s !# 2# -# and 4 wit% 7rand $eans ranging ,ro& -. 5! to -.62#
'4erage le4el o, te0%ni0al s5ills in 2 Pra0ti0al tas5s# ite&s 5 and !2 wit% 7rand $eans o, -.05 and -.0!
respe0ti4el2 and Low le4el o, te0%ni0al s5ills in 2! pra0ti0al tas5s# ite&s 6# :# # 9# !0# !!# !-# !4# !5# !6# !:# !#
!9# 20# 2!# 22# 2-# 24# 25# 26 and 2: wit% grand &eans ranging ,ro& 2.22- 2.94. /%is indi0ates t%at /e0%ni0al
>ollege $"$ 7raduates are %ig%l2 de,i0ient in pra0ti0al s5ills related to auto-ele0tri0al s2ste& &aintenan0e.
"esearch #uestion %
E%at are t%e ,a0tors a,,e0ting t%e te0%ni0al s5ills possessed *2 te0%ni0al 0ollege &otor 4e%i0le
&e0%ani0s 7raduates in auto-ele0tri0al s2ste& &aintenan0eF
Industrial Engineering Letters www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-6096 (Paper) ISSN 2225-05! (online)
"ol.4# No.# 20!4

4
Table %
8actors affecting the le)el of technical skills possessed by Technical College Motor )ehicle Mechanics
Graduates in Auto-*lectrical Syste+ Maintenance
S,no !T*MS n
$
-.%
/
0
$

n
%
-12
/
0
%

n
T
-34
/
G0


"e+arks
! $is&at0% *etween /e0%ni0al >ollege 'uto&oti4e $e0%ani0s
trade 0urri0ulu& 0ontent and wor5pla0e needs.
4.-- 4.-: 4.-5 'greed
2 .i,,eren0e *etween learning en4iron&ent (s0%ool wor5s%op) and
wor5pla0e en4iron&ent
4.:-
4.56
4.65 'greed
- 3se o, outdated and o*solete e8uip&ent in training 4.56 4.:- 4.65 'greed
4 3se o, tea0%ers t%at %a4e no pra0ti0al s5ills -.5- 4.50 -.52 'greed
5 '*sen0e or inade8ua02 o, tea0%ing and learning &aterials 4.62 4.:5 4.69 'greed
.'95 Agreed
/
0
$
-Mean ratings of !ndustrial Super)isors7 0
%
- Mean ratings of M(M Graduates7 G0-Grand Mean
ratings of M(M Graduate and Super)isors7
n
$
-Nu+ber of Super)isors7
n
%
-Nu+ber of M(M Graduates and
n
T
-Total nu+ber of respondents'

/a*le 2 indi0ates t%at all t%e ,i4e ite&s !# 2#-#4 and 5# were a00epted as ,a0tors a,,e0ting t%e =o* per,or&an0e o,
te0%ni0al 0ollege &otor 4e%i0le &e0%ani0 graduates wit% grand &eans ranging ,ro& -.52 to 4.69.
&ypothesis $
/%ere is no

signi,i0ant di,,eren0e *etween t%e $ean response o, '$7S and t%e graduates on t%e Le4el
o, te0%ni0al s5ills possessed *2 te0%ni0al >ollege '$7 in 'uto-Ele0tri0alBEle0troni0 S2ste&s $aintenan0e.

Table 9
Paired sa+ple t-Test Analysis of the responses of Technical College AMGS and their Graduates on the
le)el of technical skills in practical Tasks "elated to Auto-*lectrical Syste+ Maintenance
S,no Practical tasks "elated to Auto-*lectrical
Syste+ Maintenance
n
$
-.%
/
0
$

n
%
-12
/
0
%



S:
$



S:
%



Cal' t


"e+ark
! .iagnosing o, 0o&&on *atter2 ,aults and
t%eir s2&pto&s

-.5:

-.62

0.6

0.99

0.:0

NS
2 >ondu0ting initial *atter2 0%arge and
re0%arge

-.50

-.52

0.94

0.:!

0.--

NS
- )rea5ing down a0id to o*tain t%e 0orre0t
ele0trol2te

-.62

-.5:

!.-2

!.29

-!.4-

NS
4 $easuring spe0i,i0 gra4it2 o, ele0trol2te
using %2dro&eter

-.60

-.64

!.0!

0.9

!.00

NS
5 $easuring 4oltage o, 0ells on open 0ir0uit
using *atter2 testing e8uip&ent e.g. %ig% rate
dis0%arge tester


-.02


-.0:


!.05


!.!!


!.4-


NS
6 $easuring 4oltage o, 0ells under load using
*atter2 testing e8uip&ent e.g. %ig% rate
dis0%arge tester


2.:4


2.6


!.!9


0.9-


!.40


NS
: .eter&ining t%e ser4i0ea*ilit2 o,
0o&ponents e.g. ar&ature on t%e growler#
starter &otor

2.40

2.45

0.::

0.94

0.!

NS
'sse&*ling starter &otor 0o&ponents
appropriatel2
2.-6 2.4 0.9! 0.92 2.-5 S

9 )en0% test starter &otor 2.40 2.- 0.6 0. -!.00 NS
!0 1aults tra0ing o, lig%t 0ir0uit 2.5: 2.64 !.!- !.!9 !.: NS
!! +e0ti,i0ation o, lig%t 0ir0uit 2.4- 2.6: 0.99 !.!2 -.5 S
!2 1aults tra0ing o, tra,i0ator 0ir0uit -.00 -.02 !.0 !.!2 0.2: NS
!- +e0ti,i0ation o, tra,i0ator 0ir0uit -.02 2.6 !.!2 !.!2 -2.4: S
!4 1aults tra0ing in winds0reen wiper 0ir0uit 2.6: 2.62 0.:2 0.94 -0.6- NS
!5 +e0ti,i0ation o, winds0reen wiper 0ir0uit 2.-6 2.5: !.06 0.9! -.-4 S
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ISSN 2224-6096 (Paper) ISSN 2225-05! (online)
"ol.4# No.# 20!4

5
!6 1aults tra0ing in %eater 0ir0uit 2.55 2.62 0.99 0.9! !.: NS
!: +e0ti,i0ation o, %eater 0ir0uit 2.- 2.-! 0.- 0.92 -0.90 NS
! 1aults tra0ing in petrol pu&p 0ir0uit 2.:! 2.:9 0.9: !.0- !.: NS
!9 +e0ti,i0ation o, petrol pu&p 0ir0uit 2.5: 2.62 !.06 !.04 !.00 NS
20 1aults tra0ing in warning lig%t 0ir0uit 2.69 2.:! !.!4 !.-! -0.-0 NS
2! +e0ti,i0ation o, warning lig%t 0ir0uit 2.-6 2.45 !.!9 !.2- 2.0 S
22 1aults tra0ing in door glass 0ir0uit 2.4- 2.50 !.06 !.0: !.-6 NS
2- +e0ti,i0ation o, door glass 0ir0uit 2.-6 2.4- !.!2 !.!- !.: NS
24 /esting o, 0ir0uit ,or e90essi4e resistan0e 2.40 2.24 0.94 !.2! !.6 NS
25 .iagnosing o, 0o&&on 0oil ignition s2ste&
,aults
2.95 2.:9 0.0 0.-2 !.-! NS
26 1aults tra0ing o, transistori(ed ignition
s2ste&
2.:9 2.29 !.-9 !.!- 4.-: S
2: +e0ti,i0ation o, transistori(ed ignition
s2ste&
2.!4 2.29 !.-: !.40 2.6! S
/ /
0
$
-Mean ratings of !ndustrial Super)isors7 0
%
- Mean ratings of AMG7
n
$
-Nu+ber of Super)isors7
n
%
-Nu+ber of AMG7
S:
$
-Standard :e)iation of Super)isors7
S:
%
- Standard :e)iation of the Graduates7
:f - 327 t-cri - $'34.7 NS- Not Significant and S- Significant

/a*le - indi0ates t%at ite&s !# 2# -# 4# 5# 6# :# 9# !0# !2# !4# !6# !:# !# !9# 20 # 22# 2-# 24# and 25 %ad t%eir
0al0ulated t-4alue less t%an t%e ta*le t-4alue o, !.94 at 0.05 le4el o, signi,i0an0e. /%ere,ore t%ere was no

signi,i0ant di,,eren0e *etween t%e $ean responses o, Super4isors and graduates on t%e Le4el o, t%e =o*
per,or&an0e o, t%e '$7 on t%ese ite&s. Cowe4er ite&s # !!# !-# !5# 2!# 26# and 2:# %ad t%eir 0al0ulate t-4alue
greater t%an t%e ta*le t-4alue. /%ese indi0ate t%at t%ere was a signi,i0ant di,,eren0e *etween t%e &ean responses
o, t%e Super4isors and graduates on t%e LE"EL @1 /E>CNI>'L S?ILL o, '$7 in all t%e ite&s e90ept ite&s
# !!# !-# !5# 2!# 26# and 2:.
&ypothesis %
/%ere is no

signi,i0ant di,,eren0e *etween t%e $ean response o, '$7S and t%e graduates on ,a0tors a,,e0ting
=o* per,or&an0e o, /e0%ni0al >ollege '$g in 'uto-Ele0tri0al S2ste& $aintenan0e.

Table .
Paired sa+ple t-Test Analysis of the responses of Technical College AMGS and the Graduates on 8actors
Affecting ;ob Perfor+ance of Technical College AMG in practical Tasks "elated to Auto-*lectrical
Syste+ Maintenance
S,no !T*MS n
$
-.%
/
0
$

n
%
-12
/
0
%



S:
$



S:
%



Cal' t


"e+ark
! $is&at0% *etween /e0%ni0al >ollege '$>
0urri0ulu& 0ontent and wor5pla0e needs
4.-- 4.-: 0.4: 0.:2 -0.2! NS
2 .i,,eren0e *etween learning en4iron&ent
(s0%ool wor5s%ops) and wor5pla0e
en4iron&ent
4.:- 4.56 0.44 0.5! !.22 NS
- 3se o, outdated and o*solete e8uip&ent in
training
4.56 4.:- 0.5! 0.44 !.22 NS
4 3se o, tea0%ers t%at %a4e no pra0ti0al s5ills -.5- 4.50 !.24 0.6- -4.-! S
5 '*sen0e or inade8ua02 o, tea0%ing and
learning &aterials
4.62 4.:5 0.49 0.45 -!.0! NS
/ /
0
$
-Mean ratings of !ndustrial Super)isors7 0
%
- Mean ratings of AMG7
n
$
-Nu+ber of Super)isors7
n
%
-Nu+ber of AMG7
S:
$
-Standard :e)iation of Super)isors7
S:
%
- Standard :e)iation of the Graduates7
:f - 327 t-cri - $'34.7 NS- Not Significant and S- Significant
Industrial Engineering Letters www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-6096 (Paper) ISSN 2225-05! (online)
"ol.4# No.# 20!4

6
/a*le 4 indi0ates t%at ite&s !# 2# - and5 %ad t%eir 0al0ulated t-4alue less t%an t%e t- ta*le 4alue o, !.94 t%ese
t%ere,ore indi0ates t%at t%ere was no

signi,i0ant di,,eren0e *etween t%e $ean responses o, Super4isors and
graduates in 4 out o, t%e ,i4e ,a0tors a,,e0ting =o* per,or&an0e o, $"$ graduates. Cowe4er ite& 4 %as
0al0ulate t-4alue greater t%an t%e t- ta*le 4alue t%ere,ore t%ere is a signi,i0ant di,,eren0e in t%e &ean response o,
super4isors and graduates on t%is ite& i.e use o, tea0%ers t%at %a4e little or no pra0ti0al s5ills in training o,
&otor 4e%i0le students.

8indings of the Study
!. /e0%ni0al >ollege $otor "e%i0le 7raduates e9%i*ited low le4el o, te0%ni0al s5ills in auto-ele0tri0al s2ste&
&aintenan0eA %en0e t%e2 are de,i0ient in pra0ti0al s5ills.
2. /%e stud2 identi,ied t%e ,ollowing as ,a0tors a,,e0ting t%e le4el o, te0%ni0al s5ills in auto-ele0tri0al s2ste&
&aintenan0e o, t%e graduates; --
(i) $is&at0% *etween te0%ni0al 0ollege $otor "e%i0le 0urri0ulu& and t%e needs o, t%e wor5pla0e.
(ii) .i,,eren0e *etween learning en4iron&ent and wor5pla0e# use o, outdated and o*solete in training.
(iii) 3se o, tea0%ers t%at %a4e no pra0ti0al s5ills and
(i4) Inade8ua02 o, tea0%ing and learning &aterials.

:iscussion of 8indings
/%e ,indings o, t%is stud2 re4ealed t%at te0%ni0al 0ollege graduates were de,i0ient in &ost s5ills on 'uto-
ele0tri0al s2ste& &aintenan0e. /%is is in agree&ent wit% Di&o% (!99:) w%o# o*ser4ed t%at te0%ni0al 0ollege
graduates o, $otor "e%i0le $e0%ani0 ($"$) la05 pra0ti0al s5ills and are not 0arr2ing out &aintenan0e wor5 to
t%e e9pe0tations and satis,a0tion o, t%eir e&plo2ers. /%e se0ond ,inding o, t%e stud2 attri*uted t%e de,i0ien02 in
t%e auto-ele0tri0al s5ills to &is&at0% *etween 0urri0ulu& 0ontent and wor5pla0e needs. /%is in agree&ent wit%
@5o2e ('tsu&*e# 2002) attri*uted t%e trend o, une&plo2&ent and under e&plo2&ent to t%e &is&at0% *etween
s5ills de&and in t%e wor5pla0e and t%ose pro4ided *2 t%e s0%ools. /%e ,inding is also in agree&ent wit% one o,
t%e prin0iples 4o0ational and te0%ni0al edu0ation t%at t%e onl2 relia*le sour0e o, 0ontent ,or spe0i,i0 training in
an o00upation is t%e e9perien0e o, t%e &asters o, t%at o00upation .ew2 (Inti# 2004). /%e t%ird ,inding attri*uted
t%e de,i0ien02 o, s5ills in auto-ele0tri0al s2ste& *2 graduate to t%e di,,eren0e *etween learning en4iron&ent and
wor5ing en4iron&ent# t%is ,inding is in agree&ent wit% one o, t%e prin0iples o, 4o0ational and te0%ni0al
edu0ation t%at 4o0ationalB te0%ni0al edu0ation will *e e,,i0ient in proportion as t%e en4iron&ent in w%i0% t%e
learner is trained is a repli0a o, t%e en4iron&ent in w%i0% %e &a2 su*se8uentl2 wor5 .ew2 (Inti# 2004). /%e
,ourt% ,inding re4ealed t%at use o, outdated and o*solete e8uip&ent in training a,,e0ts t%e le4el o, te0%ni0al s5ills
possessed *2 t%e graduates in auto-ele0tri0al s2ste& &aintenan0e. /%is is also in agree&ent wit% one o, t%e
prin0iples o, 4o0ational edu0ation t%at e,,e0ti4e 4o0ational and te0%ni0al training 0an onl2 *e gi4en w%ere t%e
training =o*s are 0arried out in t%e sa&e wa2# wit% t%e sa&e operations# t%e sa&e tools# t%e sa&e &a0%ines and
e8uip&ent as in t%e o00upation itsel, .ew2 (Inti# 2004). /%e ,i,t% ,inding ,urt%er attri*uted t%e de,i0ien02 in
auto-ele0tri0al s5ills *2 graduates to t%e use o, tea0%ers t%at %a4e no pra0ti0al s5ills in training# t%is is also in
agree&ent wit% one o, t%e prin0iples o, 4o0ational and te0%ni0al edu0ation# t%at 4o0ational and te0%ni0al training
will *e e,,e0ti4e in proportion as t%e instru0tor %as %ad su00ess,ul e9perien0e in t%e appli0ation o, s5ills and
5nowledge to t%e operation and pro0esses %e underta5es to tea0% .ew2 (Inti# 2004).

Conclusions
/%e ina*ilit2 o, t%e te0%ni0al and 4o0ational 0ollege auto&o*ile &e0%ani0s graduate to put 5nowledge o*tained
,ro& t%e s0%ool into pra0ti0al use in a0tual =o* situation is as a result o, la05 o, ne0essar2 s5ills re8uired ,or
a0tual wor5# t%is poses a 0%allenge *ot% to t%e go4ern&ent and tea0%ers in4ol4ed in training. Steps s%ould *e
ta5en to re4erse t%is ugl2 situation in order to prepare te0%ni0al 0ollege students ade8uatel2 ,or e&plo2&ent in
t%e auto&o*ile industries.

"eco++endations
)ased on t%e ,indings o, t%is stud2 t%e ,ollowing re0o&&endations are &ade;
!. Protot2pes o, &odern &otor 4e%i0le and up to date e8uip&ent# tools and ,a0ilities s%ould *e &ade
a4aila*le ,or t%e tea0%ing o, students in te0%ni0al 0olleges.
2. $otor 4e%i0le &e0%ani0 tea0%ers s%ould *e allowed to go ,or re,res%er 0oursesBwor5s%op in t%e
auto&o*ile industr2 to update t%eir pra0ti0al s5ills.
-. >urri0ulu& o, /e0%ni0al 0olleges s%ould *e re4iewed on a regular *asis to re,le0t wor5pla0e needs
4. /%e learning en4iron&ent s%ould *e a repli0a o, wor5ing en4iron&ent

"eferences
'tsu&*e# ). N. (2002). )asi0 '0ade&i0# Pra0ti0al and ',,e0ti4e s5ills to *e e&p%asi(ed in t%e /e0%ni0al
Industrial Engineering Letters www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-6096 (Paper) ISSN 2225-05! (online)
"ol.4# No.# 20!4

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in S0ien0e# /e0%nolog2 and $at%e&ati0s Edu0ation (S/$E); I&pli0ations ,or Standards. In D. )#
@&onu# /. '. 'udu# P. P. 'gas%i (Eds); Sandwi0% B Part-/i&e Progra&&e and S0ien0e /e0%nolog2
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