A. C Prabhupada

27/7/2014 A. C.
Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._C._Bhaktivedanta_Swami_Prabhupada 1/17
A. C. Bhaktivedanta Prabhupada,
Founder-Acharya of ISKCON
In Devanagari

Religion Gaudiya Vaishnavism, Hinduism
Other
name(s)
Abhay Caranaravinda, Abhay
Charan De
Personal
Nationality Indian
Born Abhay Charan De
1 September 1896
Calcutta, Bengal Presidency, British
India
Died 14 November 1977 (aged 81)
Vrindavan, India
Resting place Bhaktivedanta Swami's Samadhi,
Vrindavan
Senior posting
Based in Vrindavan, India
Title Founder-Acharya of ISKCON
Period in
office
19661977
A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Abhay Charanaravinda Bhaktivedanta Swami
Prabhupada (Bengali:
Abhoy Charonarobindo Bhoktibedanto Swamy
Probhupad; Sanskrit:

, IAST: abhaya-cararavinda bhakti-

vednta svm prabhupda) (1 September 1896 14
November 1977) was a Gaudiya Vaishnava spiritual teacher
(guru) and the Founder-Acharya of the International Society
for Krishna Consciousness
[1]
(ISKCON), commonly known
as the "Hare Krishna Movement".
[2]
His mission was to
propagate Gaudiya Vaishnavism, a school of Vaishnavite
Hinduism that had been taught to him by his guru,
Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati, throughout the world.
[3]
Born
Abhay Charan De in Calcutta, he was educated at the
prestigious local Scottish Church College.
[4]
Before adopting
the life of a pious renunciant (vanaprastha) in 1950,
[5]
he was
married with children and owned a small pharmaceutical
business.
[6][7]
In 1959 he took a vow of renunciation
(sannyasa) and started writing commentaries on Vaishnava
scriptures.
[8]
In his later years, as a traveling Vaishnava
monk, he became an influential communicator of Gaudiya
Vaishnava theology to India and specifically to the West
through his leadership of ISKCON, founded in 1966.
[3][9]
As the founder of ISKCON, he "emerged as a major figure
of the Western counterculture, initiating thousands of young
Americans."
[10]
Despite attacks from anti-cult groups, he
received a favorable welcome from many religious scholars,
such as J. Stillson Judah, Harvey Cox, Larry Shinn and
Thomas Hopkins, who praised Bhaktivedanta Swami's
translations and defended the group against distorted media
images and misinterpretations.
[11]
In respect to his
achievements, religious leaders from other Gaudiya
Vaishnava movements have also given him credit.
[12]
He has been described as a charismatic leader, in the sense
used by sociologist Max Weber, as he was successful in
acquiring followers in the United States, Europe, India and
elsewhere.
[13][14][15]
CNN cites him on their Top-10 list of
"wildly successful people".
[16]
After his death in 1977,
ISKCON, the society he founded based on a type of Hindu
Krishnaism using the Bhagavata Purana as a central
27/7/2014 A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Predecessor Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati Thakura
Religious career
Initiation Diksa1932, Sannyasa1959
Post Guru, Sannyasi, Samsthapaka-
Acharya
Website Official Website of ISKCON
(http://iskcon.org/)
scripture, continued to grow and is respected in India, though
there have been disputes about leadership among his
followers.
[17][18]
In February 2014, ISKCON's news agency
reported to have reached a milestone of distributing over half
a billion books authored by Bhaktivedanta Swami
Prabhupada, since 1965.
[19]
Contents
1 Biography
1.1 Early life
1.2 Religious career
1.3 Renunciation
1.4 Mission to the West
2 Books and publishing
3 Views on other religious traditions
4 Within India
5 Monuments
6 Bibliography
6.1 Translations with commentary
6.2 Summary studies
6.3 Other works published within
Prabhupada's lifetime
6.4 Bengali writings
6.5 Published posthumously
7 See also
8 Footnotes
9 References
10 External links
Biography
Early life
Born on 1 September 1896, the day after Janmastami, one of the most important Vaishnava holidays, in a humble
house in the Tollygunge suburb of Calcutta, he was named Abhay Charan, "one who is fearless, having taken
shelter at Lord Krishna's feet." Since he was born on the day of Nandotsava ("the celebration of Nanda,"
Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati
Thakura
Krishna's father, a traditional festival in honor of Krishna's birth) he was also called Nandulal. His parents, Sriman
Gour Mohan De and Srimati Rajani De, were devout Vaishnavas (devotees of Vishnu). In accordance with Bengali
tradition, his mother had gone to the home of her parents for the delivery, and only a few days later Abhay returned
with parents to his home at 151 Harrison Road in Calcutta, where he was brought up and educated.
[20]
He received a European led education in the Scottish Church College. This school was well reputed among
Bengalis; many Vaishnava families sent their sons there. The professors, most of whom were Europeans, were
known as sober, moral men, and it is believed that the students received a good education. The college was located
in north Calcutta, not far from Harrison Road where Abhay's family lived. During his years in the college, Abhay
Charan De ( ) was a member of the English Society as well as that of the Sanskrit Society, and it has
been suggested that his education provided him a foundation for his future leadership.
[6][20]
He graduated in 1920
with majors in English, philosophy and economics.
[21]
However he rejected his diploma in response to Gandhi's
independence movement.
[22]
His refusal to accept the diploma he had earned was in protest of the British. He also
wore the homespun cotton cloth the followers of Gandhi wore in support of home industry and protest of British
rule in India.
At 22 years old Abhay married Radharani Devi, who was 11 years old, in a marriage arranged by their parents. At
14 years old Radharani gave birth to Abhay's first son.
Religious career
In 1922, when he first met his spiritual master, Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati Thakura,
he was requested to spread the message of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu in the English
language.
[23]
In 1932 he became a formally initiated disciple of Bhaktisiddhanta. In
1944, (from his front room at Sita Kanta Banerjee, Calcutta), he started the
publication called Back to Godhead,
[24][25]
for which he acted as designer,
publisher, editor, copy editor and distributor. He personally designed the logo, an
effulgent figure of Caitanya Mahaprabhu in the upper left corner, with the motto:
"Godhead is Light, Nescience is darkness" greeting the readers.
[26]
In his first
magazine he wrote:
Under the circumstances since 1936 up to now, I was simply

speculating whether I shall venture this difficult task and that without
any means and capacity; but as none have discouraged me, I have
now taken courage to take up the work.

A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami, Back to Godhead magazine (Vol.1,
14, 1944)
[26]
In 1947, the Gaudiya Vaishnava Society recognised his scholarship with the title Bhaktivedanta, (bhakti-vednta)
meaning "one who has realised that devotional service to the Supreme Lord is the end of all knowledge"
[27]
(with
the words Bhakti, indicating devotion and Vedanta indicating conclusive knowledge).
[28]
His later well known name, Prabhupda, is a Sanskrit title, literally meaning "he who has taken the shelter of the
lotus feet of the Lord" where prabhu denotes "Lord", and pda means "taking shelter."
[29]
Also, "at whose feet
masters sit".
[6]
This name was used as a respectful form of address by his disciples from late 1967 early 1968
onwards. Previous to this, as with his early disciples, followers used to call him "Swamiji".
[30]
From 1950 onwards, he lived at the medieval Radha-Damodar mandir in the holy town of Vrindavan, where he
began his commentary and translation work of the Sanskrit work Bhagavata Purana.
[31]
Of all notable Vrindavana's
temples, the Radha-Damodara mandir had at the time the largest collection of various copies of the original writings
of the Six Gosvamis and their followers more than two thousand separate manuscripts, many of them three
hundred, some even four hundred years old.
[32][33]
His guru, Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati, had always encouraged
him that "If you ever get money, print books",
[34]
referring to the need of literary presentation of the Vaishnava
culture.
[7]
Renunciation
Keshavaji Gaudiya Matha was the place where Bhaktivedanta used to live, he had written and studied in the library
of this building, here he edited the Gauya Patrik magazine and this is the place where he donated the murti of
Lord Chaitanya who stands on the altar beside the Deities of Radha Krishna (named r r Rdh
Vinodavihrj). During his visit in September 1959 he entered the doors of this matha dressed in white, as Abhoy
Babu, but would be leaving dressed in saffron, a sannyasi.
[8]
He received the sannyasa name Swami (
Svmi), not to be confused with the title Swami. In this matha, in Mathura Vrndavana, Abhoy Charan
Bhaktivedanta took Vaishnava renunciate vows,sannyasa, from his friend and godbrother Bhakti Prajnana
Keshava, and following this he single-handedly published the first three volumes covering seventeen chapters of the
first book of Bhagavata Purana, filling three volumes of four hundred pages each with a detailed commentary.
Introduction to the first volume was a biographical sketch of Caitanya Mahprabhu.
[33]
He then left India, obtaining
free passage on a freight ship called the Jaladuta, with the aim and a hope of fulfilling his spiritual master's
instruction to spread the message of Caitanya Mahaprabhu around the world. In his possession were a suitcase, an
umbrella, a supply of dry cereal, about eight dollars worth of Indian currency, and several boxes of books.
[35]
Mission to the West
A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami sailed to USA in 1965. His trip to the United States was not sponsored by any
religious organization, nor was he met upon arrival by a group of loyal followers.
[36]
As he neared his destination on
the ship, the Indian freighter Jaladuta, the enormity of his intended task weighed on him. On 13 September he
wrote in his diary, "Today I have disclosed my mind to my companion, Lord Sri Krishna."
[37]
On this occasion and
on a number of others, he called on Krishna for help in his native Bengali. Examining these compositions, academics
regard them as "intimate records of his prayerful preparation for what lay ahead" and a view on "how Bhaktivedanta
Swami understood his own identity and mission."
[38]
A message from Jaladuta Diary
Journal kept by Prabhupada.
Between 25 August 1965 and 30
August 1965, the Jaladuta Journal
falls silent for six days. On the
seventh day, 31 August, the
silence is broken with these simple
words, Passed over a great crisis
on the struggle for life and death.
I do not know why You have brought me here. Now You can do whatever You like with me. But
I guess You have some business here, otherwise why would You bring me to this terrible place?
How will I make them understand this message of Krishna consciousness? I am very unfortunate,
unqualified and most fallen. Therefore I am seeking Your benediction so that I can convince them,
for I am powerless to do so on my own.
[37][38]
By journeying to USA, he was attempting to fulfill the wish of his guru, possible only by the grace of "his dear Lord
Krishna".
[38]
It is in July 1966 "global missionary Vaishnavism" was brought to the West by Bhaktivedanta Swami,
"the soul agent",
[1]
founding the International Society for Krishna Consciousness in New York City. Bhaktivedanta
Swami spent much of the last decade of his life setting up the institution of ISKCON. Since he was the Society's
leader, his personality and management were responsible for much of ISKCON's growth and the reach of his
mission.
When it was suggested to him at the time of founding the ISKCON in 1966 that a broader term "God
Consciousness" would be preferable to "Krishna Consciousness" in the title, he rejected this recommendation,
suggesting that name Krishna includes all other forms and concepts of God.
[39]
After a group of devotees and a temple had been established in New York another center was started in San
Francisco in 1967.
[21][40]
From there he traveled throughout America with his disciples, popularizing the movement
through street chanting (sankirtana), book distribution and public speeches.
Once ISKCON was more established in the USA a small number of devotees from the San Francisco temple were
sent to London, England. After a short time in London they came into contact with The Beatles, of whom George
Harrison took the greatest interest, spending a significant time speaking with Bhaktivedanta Swami and producing a
record with members of the later London Radha Krsna Temple.
[41]
Over the following years Bhaktivedanta
One of 108 worldwide temples he
opened by 1977, was dedicated to
Krishna-Balarama (pictured above) in
Vrindavana, India
Swami's continuing leadership role took him around the world some several times setting up temples and
communities in all of the major continents.
[17]
By the time of his death in Vrindavan in 1977, ISKCON had become
an internationally known expression of Vaishnavism.
[21]
In the twelve years from his arrival in New York until his final days, he:
circled the globe fourteen times on lecture tours that took him to
six continents
[17]
initiated many disciples, awarding sannyasa initiations.
[42]
introduced Vedic gurukul education to a Western audience
[43]
directed the founding of the Bhaktivedanta Book Trust,
[44]
which
claims
[45][46]
to be the world's largest publisher of ancient and
classical Vaishnava religious texts
founded the religious colony New Vrindavan in West Virginia,
[47]
authored more than eighty books (with many available online
[48]
)
on Vedantic philosophy, religion, literature and culture (including
four published originally in Bengali)
[17][46]
introduced international celebrations in the capitals of the world like that of Jagannatha processions
[17]
watched ISKCON grow to a confederation of more than 108 temples, various institutes and farm
communities
[44]
Through his mission, Bhaktivedanta Swami followed and communicated the teachings of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu
and introduced bhakti yoga to an international audience.
[17][46]
Within Gaudiya Vaishnavism this was viewed as the
fulfillment of a long time mission to introduce Caitanya Mahaprabhu's teachings to the world.
[49][50]
In his discussion with a historian Arnold J. Toynbee in London, Bhaktivedanta Swami is quoted as saying: "I have
started this Krishna Conscious Movement among the Indians and Americans and for the next ten thousand years it
will increase."
[51]
According to the most recent issue of Back to Godhead magazine, founded by Prabhupada, there are
presently over 400 temples and farm communities listed to visit. The magazine lists only the major centers,
there are many more homes turned temple that hold programs as well that aren't close by regular temples
(Back to Godhead). Prabhupada's initiated disciples and grand disciples number in the tens or hundreds of
thousands with millions of more believers who accept his teachings as genuine and bona-fide throughout the
world.
Books and publishing
Prabhupada on a morning walk with
Karlfried Graf Drckheim in
Frankfurt in June 1974.
Photograph of selected books by
Prabhupada, published by
Bhaktivedanta Book Trust
It is believed that Bhaktivedanta Swami's most significant contribution are his books.
[52][53][54]
Within the final
twenty years of his life Bhaktivedanta Swami translated over sixty volumes of classic Vedic scriptures (such as the
Bhagavad Gita and the Srimad Bhagavatam) into the English language.
[44]
For their authority, depth, and clarity,
his books have won praise from professors at colleges and universities
like Harvard, Oxford, Cornell, Columbia, Syracuse, Oberlin, and
Edinburgh,
[55]
and his Bhagavad-Gt As It Is was published by
Macmillan Publishers, in 1968 and unabridged edition in 1972,
[56][57][58]
and is now available in over sixty languages around the world and some
other books by Bhaktivedanta Swami are available in over eighty
different languages.
[24][46]
In February 2014, ISKCON's news agency
reported to have reached a milestone of distributing over half a billion
books authored by Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, since 1965.
[19]
The Bhaktivedanta Book Trust
was established in 1972 to
publish his works, and it has
also published his multi-volume biography, Srila Prabhupada-lilamrta,
that according to Larry Shinn will "certainly be one of the most complete
records of the life and work of any modern religious figure".
[1][59]
Prabhupada reminded his devotees before his death that he would live
forever in his books, and through them would remain present as a
spiritual master or guru.
[60]
Bhaktivedanta Swami had instilled in his
followers an understanding of the importance of writing and publishing
not only with regard to his works, but also their own initiatives. His early
disciples felt Prabhupada had given them Back To Godhead for their
own writings from the very start.
[60]
A prominent Gaudiya Vaishnava figure, Shrivatsa Goswami, who as a
young man had met Bhaktivedanta Swami in 1972, affirmed the
significance of book publishing and distribution in spreading the message
of Caitanya in an interview with Steven Gelberg:
[60]
Making these Vaisnava texts available is one of Srila

Prabhupada's greatest contributions. Apart from the
masses, his books have also reached well into academic
circles and have spurred academic interest in the
Chaitanya tradition ... The significance of making these
texts available is not merely academic or cultural; it is
spiritual.
[61]
Views on other religious traditions

ISKCON Temple in Delhi, India
Bhaktivedanta Swami considered Moses, Jesus, and Mohamed to be empowered representatives of God,
describing them within his writings as pioneers of the same essential message of dedication to God with love and
devotion.
[62]
"Actually, it doesn't matter Krishna or Christ the name is the same. The main point is to follow
the injunctions of the
Vedic
scriptures that recommend chanting the name of
God
in this age."
[63]
Other typical expression presents a different perspective, where he would point out that "today I may be a Hindu,
but tomorrow I may become a Christian or Muslim. In this way faiths can be changed, but dharma" is a natural
sequence, a natural occupation or a connection and it can not be changed, because it is permanent, according to
him.
[44]
While the ISKCON theology of personal god is close to Christian theology, both personal and
monotheistic, being a preacher of bhakti and a missionary he sometimes would add, that "already many Christians
have tasted the nectar of divine love of the holy name and are dancing with karatalas (hand-cymbals) and
mridangas (drums)."
[64]
His approach to modern knowledge is also seen in sectarian Orthodox Judaism, where
the skills and technical knowledge of modernity are encouraged, but the values rejected. Bhaktivedanta Swami
stated "devotees should not be lazy, idle...we are not afraid to work. Whatever our engagement is, by offering the
result to Krishna we become Krishna conscious".
[36]
Some of his representations are believed to affect women
adversely and are male-centred, others are tender and celebratory. Bhaktivedanta Swami himself taught a dualism
of body and soul and that of the genders. Similar to many traditional religions he considered sexuality and spirituality
as conflicting opposites.
[65]
Among some liberal male followers there is a positive recognition of his example in
applying the spirit of the law according to time, place, person and circumstance, rather than literal tracing of the
tradition.
[66]
In line with traditional Vaishnava theology, he was critical of the monist philosophies of Hinduism representing the
Gaudiya Vaishnava point of view and often insulting the orthodox Vedanta adherents of monism with 'cruel words'.
In the view of some, the Gaudiya-Vaishnava philosophy he followed is neither fully dualistic nor monist (this is
known as Achintya Bheda Abheda). As a school of thought, Gaudiya Vaishnavism has much more in common with
the Dvaita, as opposed to the Advaita schools.
Within India
Beginning his public preaching mission in India, he founded the
League of Devotees in Jhansi in 1953.
[67]
Following the establishment of temples and centres in the United
States and Europe, he returned to India in 1971, holding many
public programs which were well attended. From 1971 onwards,
the movement became increasingly popular and spread throughout
India. He was particularly eager to see the progress at "the
impressive temple project in" Mumbai which he and his disciples
had fought very hard to establish,
[68]
with large temples in Mayapur
and Vrindavan to follow in mid-1970s. To promote the vedic
ISKCON Temple in Tirupathi, India
ISKCON Prabhupada's Palace of
Gold in West Virginia, USA photo
dated 2007
education system within the modern Indian education structure, he
introduced a chain of Gurukul in various part of India. The
Bhaktivedanta Gurukula and International School is one of the most
successful schools in the list.
In 1996, the Government of India recognized his accomplishments
by issuing a commemorative stamp in his honour as a part of
Prabhupada Centennial celebrations.
[69]

[70]
Speaking at the inauguration of ISKCON's cultural center in New
Delhi on 5 April on the occasion of Ramnavmi in 1998, Atal Bihari
Vajpayee, then India's prime minister, said:
If the Bhagavad Gita, the holy text of the Hindu

traditions, is printed in millions of copies and scores
of languages and distributed in all nooks and
corners of the world, the credit for this great sacred
service goes chiefly to ISKCON. For this
accomplishment alone, Indians should be eternally
grateful to the devoted spiritual army of Swami
Prabhupada, the founder of the Hare Krishna
movement, and to his followers. . .
The arrival of Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada in
the United States in 1965 and the particular
popularity his movement gained in a very short span
of twelve years must be regarded as one of the
greatest spiritual events of the century.

Atal Bihari Vajpayee April 1998
[71][72][73]
Monuments
A number of memorial samadhis or shrines to Bhaktivedanta Swami
were constructed by the members of ISKCON in his remembrance, the
largest of which are in Mayapur, Vrindavan and at the larger sized
temples in America. Prabhupada's Palace of Gold was designed and
constructed by devotees of the New Vrindavan community and
dedicated on 2 September 1979. Back in 1972 it was intended to be
simply a residence for Bhaktivedanta Swami, but over time the plans
evolved into an ornate marble and gold palace which is now visited by
thousands of Hindu pilgrims each year, visiting this centerpiece of the
community strongly relying upon tourist trade.
[47][74]
Bibliography
Prabhupada's Palace of Gold in 1982
His Samadhi in Vrindavana
His pushpa Samadhi in Mayapur
Translations with commentary
Bhagavad-Gt As It Is (1968) ISBN 0-89213-134-9
r opaniad (1969) ISBN 0-89213-280-9
rmad-Bhgavatam (197277) ISBN 84-86883-07-5 (Vols.)
Caitanya-caritmta (1974) ISBN 0-912776-50-1 (Vols.)
The Nectar of Instruction (1975) ISBN 0-912776-85-4
[24]
Summary studies
Teachings of Lord Caitanya (1969) ISBN 0-912776-07-2
Ka, the Supreme Personality of Godhead (1970) ISBN 0-
89213-354-6
The Nectar of Devotion (1970) ISBN 0-912776-05-6
Other works published within Prabhupada's lifetime
Easy Journey to Other Planets (1970)
Ka Consciousness: The Topmost Yoga System (1970)
Beyond Birth and Death (1972)
The Perfection of Yoga (1972)
Ka, the Reservoir of Pleasure (1972)
On the Way to Ka (1973)
Rja-vidy: The King of Knowledge (1973)
Elevation to Ka Consciousness (1973)
Ka Consciousness: The Matchless Gift (1974)
Perfect Questions, Perfect Answers (1977)
Teachings of Lord Kapila, the Son of Devaht
Bengali writings
Geetr-gan
Vairgya-vidy
Buddhi-yoga
Bhakti-ratna-boli
[24]
Published posthumously
Light of the Bhgavata (1978) OL11337662W (http://openlibrary.org/works/OL11337662W)
Teachings of Queen Kunt (1978) ISBN 0-89213-102-0
Life comes from life (1978) OL8622511W (http://openlibrary.org/works/OL8622511W) ISBN 0-89213-
100-4
Search for liberation OL1998508W (http://openlibrary.org/works/OL1998508W) (1981)
Chant and be happy (1982) OL15397592W (http://openlibrary.org/works/OL15397592W) ISBN 0-
89213-118-7
Coming back : the science of reincarnation (1982) OCLC 495474079
(https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/495474079) ISBN 0-89213-114-4
Dialectic spiritualism OL8622518W (http://openlibrary.org/works/OL8622518W) (1985)
Path of perfection (1989) OL2089579W (http://openlibrary.org/works/OL2089579W) ISBN 0-89213-
103-9
Nrada bhakti stra (1991) ISBN 0-89213-273-6
Mukunda-ml-stotra (1989) OL1058156W (http://openlibrary.org/works/OL1058156W) ISBN 0-
89213-275-2
The Hare Krsna challenge OCLC 34455353 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/34455353) (1990)
A second chance OL2089576W (http://openlibrary.org/works/OL2089576W) (1991)
The journey of self discovery OL15143945W (http://openlibrary.org/works/OL15143945W) (1991)
Laws of nature : an infallible justice (1991) OL4101128W (http://openlibrary.org/works/OL4101128W)
ISBN 0-89213-272-8
Renunciation Through Wisdom (1992)
Quest for Enlightenment (1993)
The Nectar of Book Distribution (1993)
The Path of Yoga (1995)
Message of Godhead (1996?)
Civilization and Transcendence (1998) ISBN 0-89213-298-1
Dharma: The Way of Transcendence (1998)
Srila Prabhupada Slokas (1998)
Beyond Illusion and Doubt (1999)
Introduction to Bhagavad-gt (2005)
[24]
A Shower of Divine Compassion (2008)
Collected Lectures on Bhagavad-gita As It Is (7 volumes)
Collected Lectures on Srimad-Bhagavatam (11 volumes)
Collected Teachings of A.C.Bhaktivedanta Swami (7 volumes)
Conversations with Srila Prabhupada (37 volumes)
Srila Prabhupada Siksamrta (3 volumes)
Srila Prabhupada's Letters (5 volumes)
Wikimedia Commons has
media related to
Prabhupada.
The Pioneer Years: Back to Godhead, 19441960
The Jaladuta Diary
The Spiritual Master and the Disciple
The Beginning-The 1966 New York Journal
Sri Namamrta-The Nectar of the Holy Name
Srila Prabhupada's original League of Devotees 'Srimad Bhagwatam' reprint
See also
Footnotes
Bhagavad-Gt As It Is
Gaudiya Vaishnavism
International Society for Krishna Consciousness
Krishna, the Supreme Personality of Godhead
Krishnaism
List of ISKCON members and patrons
1. ^
a

b

c
Goswami et al. 1983, p. 986
2. ^ Melton, John Gordon. "Hare Krishna Encyclopdia Britannica" (http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-
9039249/Hare-Krishna#218723.hook). www.britannica.com. Archived
(http://web.archive.org/web/20080616152959/http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9039249/Hare-Krishna) from
the original on 16 June 2008. Retrieved 2008-06-01.
3. ^
a

b
Klostermaier 2007, p. 217
4. ^ Jones, Constance (2007). Encyclopedia of Hinduism. New York: Infobase Publishing. pp. 7778. ISBN 0-8160-
5458-4.
5. ^ Goswami 2002, Vol.1 Chapter 6
6. ^
a

b

c
Rhodes 2001, p. 178
7. ^
a

b
Goswami 2002, Vol.1 Chapter 4
8. ^
a

b
9. ^ Ekstrand & Bryant 2004, p. 23
10. ^ Klostermaier 2007, p. 309
11. ^ Vasan & Lewis 2005, p. 129
12. ^ Paramadvaiti, Swami B. A. "Branches of the Gaudiya Math"
(http://www.vrindavan.org/English/Books/GM/GMII.html#BranchesGM). www.vrindavan.org. Archived
(http://web.archive.org/web/20080704175744/http://www.vrindavan.org/English/Books/GM/GMII.html) from the
original on 4 July 2008. Retrieved 2008-05-30.
13. ^ "Unrecognized charisma? A study and comparison of four charismatic leaders: Charles Taze Russell, Joseph
Smith, L Ron Hubbard, Swami Prabhupada" by George D. Chryssides. Paper presented at the 2001 International
Conference The Spiritual Supermarket: Religious Pluralism in the 21st Century, organised by INFORM and
CESNUR (London, April 2001)
14. ^ "in an evaluation of the nature of the guru, Larry Shinn, a scholar of religions, utilised Max Weber's analysis of
charisma in order to understand Prabhupada and the issue of leadership in ISKCON..."status as charismatic leader"
Knott 1997, Chapter: Prabhupada and role of guru
15. ^ Shinn 1987, p. 49
16. ^ Trex, Ethan (2010-05-16). "Famous folks launched careers after 50"
(http://edition.cnn.com/2010/LIVING/worklife/05/16/mf.famous.career.after.50/index.html). CNN. Retrieved
2014-02-27.
17. ^
a

b

c

d

e

f
Smith, David Nichol (2003). Hinduism and modernity. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Pub. p. 178.
ISBN 0-631-20862-3.
18. ^ Cole & Dwayer 2007, p. 64
19. ^
a

b
Smullen, Madhava (2014-02-12). "BBT Reaches Half a Billion Books Distributed Since 1965"
(http://iskconnews.org/bbt-reaches-half-a-billion-books-distributed-since-1965,4286/). ISKCON News. Retrieved
2014-02-27.
20. ^
a

b
21. ^
a

b

c
Vasan & Lewis 2005, p. 128
22. ^ Eggenberger, D. 1989. Encyclopedia of World Biography: A to F.
23. ^ Goswami 1984, page xv
24. ^
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b

c

d

e
Cole & Dwayer 2007, p. 34
25. ^ Goswami 1984, page xviii
26. ^
a

b
27. ^ Bhaktivedanta 2003, Ending Glossary
28. ^ A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, Satsvarupa dasa Goswami (1998) The Secrets of Transcendental Love,
ISBN 0-89213-273-6, p. 73:"The spiritual harmony of knowledge and devotion is well expressed in the phrase
bhakti-vednta"
29. ^ Dr Aparma (2004). Pearls of Spiritual Wisdom. Pustak Mahal,India. p. 37. ISBN 81-223-0858-9.
30. ^ Goswami 2002, Vol.1 Chapter Planting the Seed
31. ^ Charles S. J. White (2004). A Catalogue of Vaishnava Literature on Microfilms in the Adyar Library. Delhi:
Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 81-208-2067-3.
32. ^ Mukherjee, T.; Wright, J.C. (1979). "An Early Testamentary Document in Sanskrit". Bulletin of the School of
Oriental and African Studies, University of London 42 (2): 297320. doi:10.1017/S0041977X00145859
(http://dx.doi.org/10.1017%2FS0041977X00145859). JSTOR 615020 (https://www.jstor.org/stable/615020).
33. ^
a

b
Goswami 2002, Vol.1 Chapter This Momentous Hour of Need
34. ^ Goswami 2002, Vol.1 Chapter 4 "mr icch chila kichu bai karn: "Standing by Rdh-kua and beholding
his spiritual master, Abhay felt the words deeply enter his own life "If you ever get money, print books."
35. ^ Knott 1997, "Bhaktivedanta Swami, by journeying to America, was attempting to fulfill the wish of his guru,
possible only by the grace of his dear Lord Krishna."
36. ^
a

b
Selengut "Charisma and Religious Innovation: Prabhupada and the Founding of ISKCON"
(http://www.iskcon.com/icj/contributors.html#Selengut). ISKCON Communications Journal. Archived
(http://www.iskcon.com/icj/contributors.html#Selengut). ISKCON Communications Journal. Archived
(http://web.archive.org/web/20080516204151/http://www.iskcon.com/icj/4_2/4_2charisma.html) from the original
on 16 May 2008. Retrieved 2008-05-31. (self published)
37. ^
a

b
Goswami 2002, Vol 1. Ch 1
38. ^
a

b

c
Knott 1997, Introduction
39. ^ Ekstrand & Bryant 2004, pp. 120122
40. ^ Cole & Dwayer 2007, p. 22
41. ^ Cole & Dwayer 2007, p. 23
42. ^ "Babaji initiation, Chicago, July 11, 1975" (http://prabhupadabooks.com/?g=160357). prabhupadabooks.com.
Retrieved 2008-10-19.
43. ^ Cole & Dwayer 2007, p. 221
44. ^
a

b

c

d
Cole & Dwayer 2007, p. 25
45. ^ "About Bhaktivedanta Book Trust" (http://www.krishna.com/node/71). www.Krishna.com. Archived
(http://web.archive.org/web/20080530183942/http://www.krishna.com/node/71) from the original on 30 May
2008. Retrieved 2008-05-30. (self published source)
46. ^
a

b

c

d
"The matrix of principal published translated works. Bhaktivedanta Book Trust offers a 2006 summary
PDF file showing which books translated in which languages"
(http://www.bbt.info/files/languages/Books_in_Print_JUN06.pdf) (PDF). www.krishna.com. Archived
(http://web.archive.org/web/20080528180745/http://www.bbt.info/files/languages/Books_in_Print_JUN06.pdf)
from the original on 28 May 2008. Retrieved 2008-05-30.
47. ^
a

b
Shinn & Bromley 1987, p. 124 now a tourist attraction. "New Vrindavan in West Virginia, on the other hand,
is a close-knit community, has a strong sense of common purpose."
48. ^ "Bhaktivedanta VedaBase Online" (http://vedabase.com/en). vedabase.com.
49. ^ Cole & Dwayer 2007, p. 5
50. ^ Maharaja, Sridhar. "Branches of the Gaudiya Math"
(http://www.vrindavan.org/English/Books/GM/GMII.html#BranchesGM). www.vrindavan.org. Archived
(http://web.archive.org/web/20080704175744/http://www.vrindavan.org/English/Books/GM/GMII.html) from the
original on 4 July 2008. Retrieved 2008-05-30. "What was announced by Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, conceived of
by Srila Bhaktivinode Thakur, started by Srila Prabhupad Bhakti Siddhanta Sarasvati Goswami was fulfilled by
Swami Maharaja (Srila A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami)."
51. ^ Gosvm, Satsvarpa Dsa (1983). Let There Be a Temple: India Around the World, 19711975. Bhaktivedanta
Book Trust. ISBN 0-89213-119-5. OL 8622579W (http://openlibrary.org/works/OL8622579W). Ch. 6, p. 161
52. ^ Sharma 1981, p. 971
53. ^ "I think the best feature of the Hare Krishna movement is that it is providing scholars with excellent translations
of the rarest books on Krishna-bhakti [love of Krishna]." Dr.Larry Shinn, President of Berea College, Kentucky.
54. ^ "Scholars reviews of Srila Prabhupada's books" (http://www.acbspn.com/reviews.htm). www.acbspn.com.
Archived (http://web.archive.org/web/20080515205053/http://www.acbspn.com/reviews.htm) from the original on
15 May 2008. Retrieved 2008-05-31.
55. ^ "Summary, Academic reviews of Srimad-Bhagavatam" (http://www.krishna.com/node/275). www.krishna.com.
56. ^ Maheswar Neog Professor Maheswar Neog Felicitation Volume (http://books.google.ie/books?
ei=Ks9DSJ3YH6a4iQHiq8yIBQ&id=LhB4AAAAIAAJ&dq=Macmillan+Bhagavad+Gita&q=Macmillan&pgis=1#sear
ei=Ks9DSJ3YH6a4iQHiq8yIBQ&id=LhB4AAAAIAAJ&dq=Macmillan+Bhagavad+Gita&q=Macmillan&pgis=1#sear
ch) (1990)
57. ^ Bhaktivedanta Swami, A. C. (1968). The Bhagavad-gita As It Is, first edition. New York: Macmillan.
58. ^ Rosen, S. "The Macmillan Miracle" (http://btg.krishna.com/macmillan-miracle). www.krishna.com. Archived
(http://web.archive.org/web/20080606024529/http://www.krishna.com/en/node/1523) from the original on 6 June
2008. Retrieved 2008-06-02.
59. ^ Shinn & Bromley 1989, p. 53
60. ^
a

b

c
Knott 1997, Prabhupada, Books and Publishing
61. ^ Cox et al. 1983, p. 247
62. ^ Schmidt, Peter (2002). Krishna meets Jesus : A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Srila Prabhupada's Interpretations
and Conclusions about Christianity. Peter Schmidt. ISBN 3-8311-3570-3. OCLC 313729431
(https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/313729431). p.146 (self published)
63. ^ Bhaktivedanta 2003
64. ^ Cole & Dwayer 2007, p. 6
65. ^ Cole & Dwayer 2007, p. 224
66. ^ Cole & Dwayer 2007, p. 223
67. ^ League of Devotees article (http://www.prabhupadaconnect.com/League_of_Devotees.html)
prabhupadaconnect.com
68. ^ Cole & Dwayer 2007, p. 27
69. ^ "prabhupada.krishna.com" (http://prabhupada.krishna.com/shrines-and-memorials). www.krishna.com. Archived
(http://web.archive.org/web/20130326020806/http://prabhupada.krishna.com/shrines-and-memorials) from the
original on 26 March 2013. Retrieved 2014-01-08. see "Commemorative Stamp" section, including image
70. ^ "Centennial 1996 Events" (http://www.afn.org/~centennl/centeve3.htm#International%20Events%20in%20India).
afn.org. Archived (http://web.archive.org/web/20080706010622/http://www.afn.org/~centennl/centeve3.htm)
from the original on 6 July 2008. Retrieved 2008-05-31.
71. ^ "Speech by Atal Bihari Vajpayee, April 18, 1998." (http://www.vnn.org/world/9804/07-1732/index.html) (Press
release). Vaishnava News Network. 11 Apr 1998. Archived
(http://web.archive.org/web/20080517042620/http://www.vnn.org/world/9804/07-1732/index.html) from the
original on 17 May 2008. Retrieved 2008-05-31. the website, however, gives the speech a wrong date 1988
instead of 1998.)
72. ^ Intelligencer (Newspaper), April 5, 1998, Doylestown, Pennsylvania
(http://www.newspaperarchive.com/newspapers1/na0037/6770660/31147478.html) "Today, Indian Prime Minister
Atal Bihari Vajpayee will open the newest Hare Krishna complex, which includes a temple and a cultural center."
73. ^ Daily Herald (Newspaper), April 6, 1998, Chicago, Illinois
(http://www.newspaperarchive.com/newspapers1/na0038/6774894/32014377.html), Hare Krishna center makes
debut in India, NEW DELHI, India's prime minister inauguration. Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee said the
message of Bhagavad Gita.
74. ^ "Prabhupada's Palace of Gold" (http://www.palaceofgold.com/). www.palaceofgold.com. Archived
(http://web.archive.org/web/20080614223037/http://palaceofgold.com/) from the original on 14 June 2008.
References
Goswami, Satsvarupa dasa (2002). Srila Prabhupada Lilamrta Vol 12 (2nd ed.). Los Angeles: Bhaktivedanta
Book Trust. ISBN 0-89213-357-0.
Ekstrand, Maria; Bryant, Edwin H. (2004). The Hare Krishna movement: the postcharismatic fate of a religious
transplant. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-12256-X.
Rhodes, Linda (2001). The challenge of the cults and new religions. Grand Rapids, Mich: Zondervan. ISBN 0-310-
23217-1.
Vasan, Mildred; Lewis, James P. (2005). Cults (contemporary world issues). Santa Barbara, Calif: ABC-CLIO.
ISBN 1-85109-618-3.
Cole, Richard; Dwayer, Graham (2007). The Hare Krishna movement: forty years of chant and change. London: I.
B. Tauris. ISBN 1-84511-407-8.
Goswami, Satsvarupa dasa (1984). Prabhupada: he built a house in which the whole world can live (abr ed.). Los
Angeles: Bhaktivedanta Book Trust. ISBN 0-89213-133-0.
Harvey Cox, Larry D. Shinn, Thomas J. Hopkins, A.L. Basham, Shrivatsa Goswami (1983). Gelberg, Steven J, ed.
Hare Krishna, Hare Krishna: five distinguished scholars on the Krishna movement in the West. New York: Grove
Press.
Klostermaier, Klaus K. (2000). Hinduism: a short history. Oxford: Oneworld Publications. ISBN 1-85168-213-9.
Klostermaier, Klaus K (2007). A survey of Hinduism (3rd ed.). New York: State University of New York Press.
ISBN 0-7914-7081-4.
Bhaktivedanta, A. C. (2003). The Science of self-realization. Los Angeles: Bhaktivedanta Book Trust. ISBN 91-
7149-447-2.
Shinn, Larry D (1987). "The future of an old man's vision. ISKCON in the twenty-first century"
(http://books.google.com/?id=NHNeOx8UZJYC&pg=PA123&dq=New+Vrindavan%5D%5D+in+West+Virginia).
In Bromley, David G. The Future of New Religious Movements: 123140. ISBN 978-0-86554-238-9.
Knott, Kim (1997). "Insider and outsider perceptions of Prabhupada"
(http://content.iskcon.org/icj/5_1/5_1knott.html). ISKCON Communications Journal: 5: 1.
Knott, Kim (2005). "Insider/outsider perspectives in the study of religions". In Hinnells, John. The Routledge
companion to the study of religion. Routledge. p. 243 (https://books.google.com/?
id=XmRGuH6eopMC&pg=PA243). ISBN 978-0-415-33311-5.
Shinn, Larry D. (1987). The dark lord: cult images and the Hare Krishnas in America. Philadelphia: Westminster
Press. ISBN 0-664-24170-0. OCLC 15017927 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/15017927). OL 2737873M
(http://openlibrary.org/books/OL2737873M).
Goswami, Srivatsa; Dasa Goswami, Satsvarupa; Cox, Harvey; Hopkins, Thomas J.; Judah, J. Stillson (1983).
"Review: Srila Prabhupada-Lilamrta". Journal of Asian Studies 42 (4): 986988. doi:10.2307/2054828
(http://dx.doi.org/10.2307%2F2054828). ISSN 0021-9118 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0021-9118).
JSTOR 2054828 (https://www.jstor.org/stable/2054828).
Sharma, Jagdish Saran, ed. (1981). Encyclopaedia Indica (http://books.google.com/books?id=PQkMAAAAIAAJ).
OCLC 8033900 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/8033900). OL 13760440M
(http://openlibrary.org/books/OL13760440M).
External links
Official online multilingual library of A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada (http://vedabase.com/)
A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada Source material
(http://vaniquotes.org/wiki/Category:Prabhupada)
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?
title=A._C._Bhaktivedanta_Swami_Prabhupada&oldid=617790694"
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Shinn, Larry D; Bromley, David G (1989). Krishna consciousness in the West. Lewisburg [Pa.]: Bucknell University
Press. ISBN 0-8387-5144-X.

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Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

, IAST: abhaya-cararavinda bhakti-

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