Appendix 3 Regular and irregular verbs

1. Regular verbs
The past simple and past participle of regular verbs end in ed, for example:
Infinitive clean improve paint carry
Past simple/part. leaned improved painted carried
!e use the past participle to ma"e the perfect tenses #has/have/had cleaned$ and for all the passive forms:
% I cleaned my room yesterday. #past simple$
% &our 'nglish has improved. #present perfect$
% The house (as dirty. !e hadn)t cleaned it for a long time. #past perfect$
% The door has been painted. #present perfect passive$
% *e (as carried out of the room #past simple passive$
!hen the past simple and past participle do not end in ed the verbs are irregular.
2. These verbs can be regular and irregular:
infinitive past simple/
past participle
infinitive past simple/
past participle
+urn
,ream
-ean
learn
+urnt or burned
,reamt or dreamed
-eant or leaned
-earnt or learned
.mell
.pell
.pill
spoil
.melt or smelled
.pelt or spelled
.pilt or spilled
.poilt or spoiled
.o you can say:
I leant out of the (indo( or I leaned out of the (indo(.
The dinner has been spoilt or The diner has been spoiled.
In +ritish 'nglish the irregular form #burnt/learnt$ is more usual.
3. Irregular verbs
!ith some irregular verbs all three forms #infinitive, past simple and past participle$ are the same. /or example, hit:
.omeone hit me as I came into the room #past simple$
I)ve never hit anyone in my life #past participle present simple$
0eorge (as hit on the head by a stone #past participle passive$
!ith other irregular verbs the past simple is the same as the past participle #but different from the infinitive$. /or example tell
told:
*e told me to come bac" the next day #past simple$
*ave you told anyone about your ne( 1ob2 #past participle % present perfect$
I (as told to come bac" the next day. #past participle passive$
!ith other irregular verbs all three forms are different. /or example brea" bro"e bro"en
*e bro"e hi arm in a climbing accident #past simple$
.omebody has bro"en the (indo(. #past participle present perfect$
!hen (as the (indo( bro"en2 #past participle passive$
LIST OF IRREGULAR VERBS
Infinitive Past simple Past participle Infinitive Past simple Past participle
3. be (as/(ere been 45. lose lost lost
6. beat beat beaten 47. ma"e made made
8. become became become 49. mean meant meant
:. begin began begun 4;. meet met met
4. bend bent bend 5<. pay paid paid
5. bet bet bet 53. put put put
7. bite bit bitten 56. read =ri:d> read =red> read =red>
9. blo( ble( blo(n 58. ride rode ridden
;. brea" bro"e bro"en 5:. ring rang rung
3<. bring brought brought 54. rise rose risen
33. build built built 55. run ran run
36. burst burst burst 57. say said said
38. buy brought brought 59. see sa( seen
3:. catch caught caught 5;. set set set
34. choose chose chosen 7<. se( se(ed se(/se(ed
35. come came come 73. sha"e shoo" sha"en
37. cost cost cost 76. shine shone shone
39. cut cut cut 78. shoot shot shot
3;. deal dealt dealt 7:. sho( sho(ed sho(n
6<. dig dug dug 74. shrin" shran" shrun"
63. do did done 75. shut .hut shut
66. dra( dre( dra(n 77. sing sang sung
68. drin" dran" drun" 79. sin" san" sun"
6:. drive drove driven 7;. sit sat sat
64. eat ate eaten 9<. sleep slept slept
65. fall fell fallen 93. spea" spo"e spo"en
67. feed fed fed 96. spend spent spent
69. feel felt felt 98. split split split
6;. fight fought fought 9:. spread spread spread
8<. find found found 94. spring sprang sprung
83. fly fle( flo(n 95. stand stood stood
86. forbid forbade forbidden 97. steal stole stolen
88. forget forgot forgotten 99. stic" stuc" stuc"
8:. forgive forgave forgiven 9;. sting stung stung
84. free?e fro?e fro?en ;<. stin" stun" stun"
85. get got got ;3. .tri"e struc" struc"
87. give gave given ;6. s(ear s(ore s(orn
89. go (ent gone ;8. s(eep s(ept s(ept
8;. gro( 0re( gro(n ;:. s(im s(am s(um
:<. hang hung hung ;4. s(ing s(ung s(ung
:3. have had had ;5. ta"e too" ta"en
:6. hear heard heard ;7. teach taught taught
:8. hide hid hidden ;9. tear tore torn
::. hit hit hit ;;. tell told told
:4. hold held held 3<<. thin" thought thought
:5. hurt hurt hurt 3<3. thro( thre( thro(n
:7. "eep "ept "ept 3<6. understand understood understood
:9. "no( "ne( "no(n 3<8. (a"e (o"e (o"en
:;. lay laid laid 3<:. (ear (ore (orn
4<. lead led led 3<4. (in (on (on
43. leave left left 3<5. (rite (rote (ritten
46. lend lent lent
48. let let let
4:. lie lay lain
44. light lit lit