Study of Negative Feedback Amplifier Circuit Based on Multisim

Xiu-Ling Wang, Wen-Lan Wang, Xiao-Dong Zhang, Jia-Ying Zhang

College of Electric Power
Inner Mongolia University of Technology
Inner Mongolia, China
wxltt3756@yahoo.com.cn
Abstract This paper makes a simulation study on negative
feedback amplifier circuit performance by model building of
negative feedback amplifier circuit based on Multisim. The
results show that ac negative feedback improving the
Performances of circuit, such as a log-gain stability,
signal-to-noise ratio, nonlinear distortion and bandpasswidth
etc..
Keywords-negative feedback; gain stability; nonlinear
distortion; bandpasswidth
I. INTRODUCTION
In the analysis of amplifier circuit, the operation of the
devices has always been considered to be perfectly.
Increasing the signal levels, such as is required to drive
speakers and many other amplifier loads, may cause the
devices to display certain nonlinear characteristics.
Distortion is the result of the nonlinear behavior and alters
the signal being processed. Other variations in the system
performance are caused by deviations in device parameters,
of which the change in
o
of a transistor is typical. Changes
in the gain of a stage because of device variations may also
have an effect on succeeding stages, with a resultant change
in the overall system gain [1].
To control the effects of system variations and reduce
distortion and, in general, to have amplifier performance
more nearly approach the ideal, feedback is frequently
employed. Feedback is the process whereby a portion of the
output signal is returned to the input and forms part of the
signal used to drive the amplifier. When the returned signal
acts in opposition to the applied signal, negative feedback
exists. An ac negative feedback improve the performances of
circuit greatly, such as a log-gain stability, signal-to-noise
ratio, nonlinear distortion and bandpasswidth etc..
II. IMPROVING AMPLIFIER CIRCUIT GAIN STABILITY
Amplifier circuit gain is
O
u
L
i
U
A R
U

= generally, the
gain will change when the load resistance change, which
cause circuit system instability. If we introduce voltage
negative feedback in the circuit, the change of output voltage
caused by load resistance change will decrease. That is
voltage negative feedback improving amplifier circuit gain
stability. Unfortunately, voltage negative feedback makes
output current change increasing because of load changing.
Likewise, introducing a current negative feedback in circuit,
we can improve current gain stability [2].
Figure 1. ingle-stage negative Amplifier circuit
In Fig.1, output from
2 O
U
, there is a voltage negative
feedback introduced by
e
R ; output from
1 O
U
, there is a
current negative feedback.
(1) When
1 2
2 , 2
10 , 10
C L e L
i
R R k R R k
U mv f kHz
= = = =
= =
,
The amplitude-frequency curves as Fig.2. From Fig.2,
we know
1 2 1 2
930.18 , 932.6 ,
O o O O
U mV U mV U U = =
.
(2) When
1 2
2 , 1 , 2
C e L L
R R k R k R k = = = = ;
That is
1 L
R reduced, the amplitude-frequency curves as
Fig.3. We know
1 2
620.259 , 932.790
O O
U mV U mV = = .
Figure 2. Amplitude-frequency curves of negative Amplifier
circuit
V6-85 978-1-4244-6349-7/10/$26.00 c 2010 IEEE
Figure 3. Amplitude-frequency curves, when
1 L
R
reduced
Figure 4. Amplitude-frequency curves, when
2 L
R
reduced
(3) When
2 1
2 , 1 , 2
C e L L
R R k R k R k = = = = ,
2 L
R
reduced,
the amplitude-frequency curves as Fig.4. From Fig.4, we
know
1 2
1377.9 , 920.97
O O
U mV U mV = =
.
From simulation results above, we conclusion that when
the load changes, the negative feedback in the circuit
improving stability of amplifier circuit gain.
III. DECREASING NONLINEAR DISTORTION
Generally the nonlinear of semiconductor devices in
circuit induces waveform distortion when amplifier works at
a large signal. Introducing a negative feedback in circuit can
decrease nonlinear distortion. We can introduce a voltage
series negative feedback in Fig.5 through closing switch in
the circuit.
When the switch breaking, we input a sine wave signal,
with frequency1kHz , amplitude 5Mv, and
8
R setting 25%,
see the output waveform has an obvious distortion from the
oscilloscope. The real-time simulating waveform is shown in
Fig.6 (a). Closing the switch, we can see the distortion was
removed. The simulating waveform from the oscilloscope is
shown in Fig.6 (b).
Figure 5. Voltage series negative feedback circuit
(a) There is no negative feedback in circuit
(b) There is a negative feedback in circuit
Figure 6. Input and output waveforms
IV. WIDENING FREQUENCY BAND
When we introduce negative feedback in a circuit,
change of amplification caused by various reasons will
decrease. It includes amplification change caused by signal
frequency change, which effect is widening frequency band.
For simplification of analysis, we suppose the feedback
network is pure resistance network, low frequency and high
frequency of bode diagram has an inflexion separately,
medium frequency amplification of basic amplifier circuit
is
m
A

, upper frequency is
H
f , and lower frequency is
L
f
[3][4]. Then amplification of high frequency expressed as:
1
m
h
H
A
A
f
j
f

=
+
(1)
When introduce negative feedback, amplification of high
frequency expressed as
V6-86 2010 2nd International Conference on Computer Engineering and Technology [Volume 6]
1
(2)
1 1
1
1
m
h m H
hf
h h m m
H
H
A
f
j
A A f
A
f
A F A j A F
F
f
f
j
f

+
= = =
+ + +
+
+
With (
1
m
A F +
) makes a division operation in equation (2),
we get
1

1 1
(1 )
m
mf
m
hf
Hf
m H
A
A
A F
A
f f
j j
f
A F f

+
= =
+ +
+
(3)
Where
mf
A is medium-frequency amplification of
negative feedback system,
Hf
f is upper frequency.
From equation (2) and (3), we get
(1 )
Hf m H
f A F f

= +
(4)
That is, introducing a negative feedback, the upper
frequency increases to (1 ) AF + times of basic amplifier
circuit. Similarly,

1
L
Lf
m
f
f
A F

=
+
(5)
That is, introducing a negative feedback, the lower
frequency reduces to
1
1 AF +
times of basic amplifier circuit.
For Fig.5, we use Bode plotter studying the change of
frequency characteristic. Break the switch, there no negative
feedback in circuit. From Bode plotter, we observed the
amplitude-frequency curve as Fig.7 (a), results show where
upper frequency is 1.7MHz, lower frequency is 57Hz,
amplification is 425.
Closed switch, we introduced a voltage series negative
feedback in circuit, observed the amplitude-frequency curve
as Fig.7 (b), results show where upper frequency is
18.6MHz, lower frequency is 23Hz, amplification is 69.
From simulation results, we conclusion that negative
feedback in the circuit widened frequency band, but there is
a decrease of amplification greatly.
(a) There is no negative feedback (b) There is negative feedback
Figure 7. Amplitude-frequency curves of Figure 5
V. CONCLUSION
The simulation study of negative feedback amplifier
circuit based on Multisim show that ac negative feedback
can improve the performances of circuit: improving stability
of amplifier circuit gain, removing the nonlinear distortion,
widening frequency band with amplification decreasing, etc..
A feedback control system is in general inherently more
accurate than an open-loop system constructed of essentially
the same elements.
REFERENCES
[1] P. L. Jones P. J. Spreadbury: Analogue electronic circuit and
systems, Campridge University Press, New York, 1991.
[2] National Instruments, Electronics Workbench Group. NI Multisim
TM
User Manual, 2008.
[3] A. J. Peyton V. Walsh: Analogue electronics with Op Amps: a source
book of practical, Campridge University Press, New York, 1993.
[4] P. R. Gray and R. G. Meyer Analysis and Design of Analog
Integrated circuit 3
rd
Edition, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1993.
[Volume 6] 2010 2nd International Conference on Computer Engineering and Technology V6-87