NS equations for incompressible flow

0
k
k
u
x
c
=
c
(1)
2
( ) 1
i k i i
k k k k
u u u u p
t x x x x
u

| | c c c c
+ = +
|
c c c c
\ .
(2)
Assumptions:
1) Isotropic fluid
2) Linear relation b/w viscous stress and strain rate and
deformation rate.
Those fluid that satisfy these conditions are called nutonian
fluids ..ex air water..
These eqns are valid for both com and incompressible..in many
chemical engg applications usullay the flow is compressible.
The conditions for compressibility of a flow is not of a fluidwe
have an ordinary gas which is typically compressible..but wen
we have a gas that is flowing at not too high velocisty which is
less than 3
rd
of the speed of the sounds..then we can assume
tht the flow is incompressible and the density changes arising
out of pressure changes arising out of velocity changes within
the flow...are not significant enough for us to consider
compressiblility
So we can say tht when the velocity of the fluid is not very high
compared to speed of sound typiucally less than 0.33 of mac
number..we can say tht the flow is incompressible..so the
density can be taken constant..does not vary from place to
place..for the isothermal flow..
Bernoulis eqn
P+rhou^2==ect is constant along a streamline
Wen we say flow is incompressible..what we mean is that the u
change p change..u change arising out of all the forces that are
acting on it as the fluid goes along streamline..doesnt cause suff
change in pressure tht the density is affectedit doesnt talk
about the fluid itself..so we can have an incompressible flow
even of a gas..so for such cases density is constant..




Written in index notation for the Cartesian co-ordiantes these
equations are valid at every point withinin the flow domain of
interest i.e. the control volume.
The equations are such that If we solve these equations we will
be getting
U = f(x y z t)
V = f(x v z t)
W = f(x y z t)
P = f()
The information about how these flow variables vary within the
flow domain is contained within these equations.

It is necessary to give BCs and ICs in order to get proper
solutions to these equations. Thus inaddition to the equation
we need to have Ics and BCs. Initial conditions are given
throughout the volume
U = f1(x y z t)
V = f2(x v z t)
W = f3(x y z t)
P = f4()

BCs
Dirchilet BCs
We specify the variable to be some value..
We can also specify the derivative..
i.e. we can specify the gradient of a cetain quantity..
tht is numann BC
roben BCs

constant symmetry plane BC

real boundary conditions
inlet ---drchilet
outlet --- noumann
symmetry plane---
()
0
n
c
=
c

free shear boundaries:
constant pressure :
periodic bc---the variables at the two planes have the same
profiles..that means the velocities profiles are repeated after a
particular distance. Usually the pres drop thts driving the flow
is specified here/
wellposedness of the mathematical problem..
it has a unique solnthe soln depends contineouly on Ic and
BC..wen u change BC or IC soln should change..small changes in
the bc gives rise to correspondingly small changes in solnsoln
exhibits uniformity to bc and ic
..2
nd
order pdes quasi linear ccoupled partial de..







We only need two properties
There are four variables and four equations which are
continuity and 3 momentum balance equations for the 3
directions. So in CFD the objective is to solve these four
equations for the given flow domain.