!

CHAPTER 1




INTRODUCTION




1.1 Introduction


Terminal play role as a centre for all transportation gathered and take product
or person to delivered to destination that wish to be directed. There are three type of
transport which requires terminal as a collection centre and product delivery or
person to taken from one place to different place. For example, land transport such as
bus use terminal to take or pass on passengers from one place to others destination.



#

Apart from that, air transport also use terminal as a platform to facilitate
person deliver products with more far reaching and easy for them move further. In
addition, terminal represent the nodal point of the intermodal transport network and
their efficiency significantly affects the entire intermodal freight transport chain In
this issues, emphasize more bus transportation which uses bus terminal to take and
send passengers. At the same, terminal should also play a role like providing service
that satisfy to bus user. This is because terminal as a centre for bus to take and send
people. We will face a difficulty to emphasize people to use the public transport if
we not provide them with the best facilities.


In Malaysia, usually we have a two typical bus but difference role which is
express bus and shuttle bus. For the express bus, is provide people a long journey
services with a reasonable pricing and transit time. Meanwhile, shuttle bus also
provide services by sending passengers from the point of origin to their destination
exactly same as express bus, but the difference between two that particular bus is
shuttle bus only provide short journey services usually shuttle bus is use around town
area.


For example, in Malaysia we have bus company such as causeway link they
provide two bus services which is shuttle bus and express bus. Their express bus will
provide long distance services such as from Johor Bahru to Kuala Lumpur and Kuala
Lumpur to Perlis. Then, for their shuttle bus usually provide short distance services
around Johor Bahru town.



$

1.2 Problem Statement


Larkin Bus Terminal is located quite near to Johor Bahru town and at the
same time Johor also become attractive destination for singaporean to visit.
Therefore, the bus terminal now facing some issues due to the low standard from all
aspects. Firstly, the bus management at the Larkin Bus Terminal is the main problem
because from my experience reaching there the shuttle bus and express bus use the
same platform. Therefore, that will make the customer confuse about the bus.
Secondly, the Larkin Bus Terminal also have a very low comfortabality level from
all expects. For example, there is no privacy for every customer at the waiting area,
that place is open to all people whether will use the bus or not. Safety level also
become a problem to the terminal user. When the waiting area is very open, they will
expose to any crime such as snatches and pick pocket. That will make all people not
comfortable when they use the Larkin Bus Terminal. Lastly, at the bus platform,
have unused area at the center of the platform area. Sometimes, an express bus park
around that unused area and people who using the bus have to walk to the platform
area, but the importance things is that will cause a danger to people because at the
platform area, all bus is moving aroung there.








%

1.3 Objectives


Every research must have the objectives because that is the prove the
importance of our reasearch. Our research objective is:
! To know the users perspective about the bus flow movement at Larkin Bus
Terminal, Johor Bahru
! To suggest new solutions for more efficient bus flow movement at the Larkin
Bus Terminal, Johor Bahru




1.4 Research Question


! How about user perspective on the efficiency of bus flow at Larkin Bus
Terminal?
! How to create new solutions for more efficient bus flow movement at Larkin
Bus Terminal?





&

1.5 Scope of Research


The scope for this research is focus on perspective of passengers about the
bus flow movement at Larkin bus terminal Johor Bahru. Furthermore, reseachers also
make surveys on current scenario at Larkin bus terminal. At the same time,
researcher make a survey based on passengers, conductor bus, ticket seller, and seller
around Larkin bus terminal.




1.6 Expected Result


We expect our result may be correlates highly with our main objective, which
is the efficient of terminal and bus route flows. We hope our research will utilize
with new efficient for passengers regarding to existing infrastructure in Larkin
terminal. If buses are utilized efficiently, it should not be necessary for them to spend
much more time at bus stations than is required for loading and unloading. Efficient
routing can minimize the number of routes which must terminate in busy central
areas, while efficient scheduling and regulation of departures can minimize vehicle
waiting times. We hope our some new ideas can help to solve the efficient of bus
flow issues. We hope our research can contribute some ideas to the terminal
developer to upgrade the condition of the Larkin Bus Terminal to a higher standard.


'



CHAPTER 2




LITERATURE REVIEW




2.1 Shuttle Bus and Express Bus


A shuttle bus is a bus that is used for short distance transfers. Best known are
the buses that take hotel guests to and from airports. Because the average shuttle bus
is also suitable for other forms of transportation, we do not consider it a separate type
of vehicle. When passenger capacity is less than 30 (which it is in most cases), we
consider this bus to be a minibus. [6] Every town worlwide will provide the shuttle
bus for every short distance journey, besides this also can reduce traffic congestion
and enhance people to use public transport.

(

At Larkin Bus Terminal, lot of shuttle bus services is provided from various
company for a short distance journey around Johor Bahru. Meanwhile, express bus
also provided a services quite same to the shuttle bus, but the difference is express
bus provided long journey services with a more comfortable bus. They also will try
their best to reaching their customer destination with express as possible but still in
safety drive by the bus drive.




2.2 Logistics Centre or Terminal


Terminal or logistics centre can be define as the centre for logistics activities
especially in trasnportation and good distribution. Every mode of transport have theri
own terminal such as road transport at bus station and railway station, air
transportation at airport terminal and sea transportation at port. A terminal must be
provide with the best public facilities not only for the customer but also for the
terminal staff. A best public transport is very important in order to encourage people
to use the intermodal transportation. Intermodal transporation is the combination
more than one type of transportation.




)

For example, intermodal transport usually can be seen at the airport terminal
which is after people arrived by using the plane, they will switch to use either private
transport or taxi to reach their destination. In this situation we can see the
combination of two mode of transport which is air transportation and land
transportation. A terminal or logistics centre must be managed by one authority in
order to make all the activity flow at the terminal more efficient. Every terminal or
logistics centre concept must be follow 3 elements.




2.2.1 Territorial Planning Alongside Infrastructure Rationalozation


Planning the terminal or logistics centre and terminal is very important
because we have to choose the most suitable territory to build the terminal. We have
to optimizing the the place to build the terminal and we also must ensure to safegurd
our environment (!"#$%& ()* )*+#, (-+..$/ /"%/*-%*0 .-"!-*1$0*%($+2 +-*+1 (" ()*
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890&*( 8*/+91* ". ()* 2"< 91+&*6




*

2.2.2 Transportation Quality


A terminal must ensure that transportation that they provide have a excellence
quality to become one of the competitive terminal because many terminal now
already upgrade to best level because of globalisation. With the best quality, we also
can encourage people to use the intermodal transportation because when the terminal
is comfort to people, they will use the terminal for any logistics activities such as
public transport.




2.2.3 Intermodal Development


Road transportation still be the most high demand transportation of the globe
especially in europe. For over 20 years, the demand for the road transportation is
constantly increase compared with rail transportation. Thats why road transport
terminal have most high user everyday such as warehousing and bus terminal.





!+

2.3 Infrastructure


The most important in logistics centre and terminal is warehouse,intermodal
terminal, public transport terminal. For example, bus terminal is the infrastructure
and the transport operator must do their business using the provided infrastructure.
The type of road transport terminal are figure 2.3.1 is rail station and figure 2.3.2 is
bus terminal.















!!









(Figure 2.3.1)

(Source: www.keretapi.com)









(Figure 2.3.2)
(Source: Larkin Terminal Bus Johor Bahru)
!#

2.4 Factors Influencing Inefficiency Buses Operation Flow


Firstly, less of regulatory framework for development of structure and the
satisfaction of public transport management for passengers. The main goal of public
transport regulations are to: [3]


Ensure that services are operated in line with government policy
Satisfy demand for public transport as much as possible
Maintain standards of quality and safety
Controls fares at affordable levels (sometimes)


Mostly, bus operators not following the regulation based on government
policy for public transportation. In this case can cause operators abuse a monopoly
position and the situation undesirable between operators. Furthermore, it is also have
the certain case which is the drivers bus do not have the driving license but the
operators of the bus driver falsify a drivers license under their supervision to not
cover the aspect of the transportation operation which is: [3]





!$

Licensing of vehicles, operators, drivers, and conductors
Construction and use of vehicles
Supply of services
Fares
Safety standards
Conducts of drivers, conductors and passengers
Administration of route franchising or tendering
Allocation of subsidies


If the government did not enforce the policy in term of public transport
services, it may result low safety because usage of low quality transportation that do
not fit. Besides, rule for the construction and the use of less framed can cause traffic
congestion because of inefficient operating practices. Next, if the government does
not control the regulatory framework may result in increasing bus fares to passengers
for the bus company profits respectively. In additional, the development of structures
to create an environment naturally and help reduces inefficiencies in transportation at
bus terminal. This is because, there are several bus terminal that are constructed in a
way that is not efficient in terms of bus routes in and out of the terminal, platform in
the wrong position, waiting areas, ticket counter and so on. Therefore, the
relationship between operators and authorities to work together to get passengers
satisfaction.





!%

Secondly, lack of fare control also can cause inefficiency bus operation flow
at the bus terminal. Each of fare for public transport will be determined by
government authority throughout the country. In this case, the bus operators are not
allowed to raise bus fares to passengers especially express buses. Normally, this
situation can be seen during the festival and at the same time, this problem can affect
the flow bus operating inefficiencies. There are several purposes lack of fare control
which is not justifying fare control that can cause bus operators put an expensive bus
fare for passengers without the knowledge of the authorities for profits the bus
company. If the bus operators impose expensive bus fares, the demand for public
transport will decrease as people would think carefully to compare the fare bus
company with fares other operators that are more affordable.


Furthermore, low cost is also an issue of control bus fare to bus passengers as
preferred. Cost will lower because not including the cost of passengers protection
and for the safety of passengers during their journey. Some bus operators put the
lowest bus fares do not include the cost of protection to increase the demand of
passengers and though would make a profit. At the same time, the passengers did not
dare to use the bus company because there is no protection cost for them when there
is situation that cannot be anticipated. This can cause inefficient operation bus flow
due to the demand for the services of the bus and had to take a longer time to attract
passengers to board the bus. The most important thing is the passengers are willing to
pay the higher fare to the best services compared to low-cost pay but do not have the
best services for the passengers.




!&

Others, inappropriate fare control will cause the bus service does not meet
passengers demand and affordable. While this happen, an operator will not receive
adequate return on Investment Company. In this case, passengers will not be satisfied
with the fare prescribed by using the same routes but the different companies.


Fourthly, scheduling procedure is very important because the bus services
operate on scheduling. This is to ensure that the services frequency is equal to the
demand at different time and the ability to maximize revenue per kilometre each of
bus. At the same time, it can move more than one bus route every day. In addition it
is also can maximize the use of buses and save time for the bus driver takes a long
time to wait for passengers at terminal. Moreover, the scheduling procedure also can
cause delays for bus drivers to pick up passengers at the terminal. This is because the
attitude of the bus drivers who was not concerned about their itinerary and some of
which do not comply with the schedule. In another view, shuttle bus also operates
not on a set schedule for using the shuttle bus as full-vehicle-dispatching principles.


Lastly, the usage of buses to pick up passengers from terminal and send
passengers to their destination should be completely used as this will cause loss of
fixed costs of depreciations, insurances, license fee and others. At the same time, it
also affect the operating cost because there is an income to support the and not
covered by revenue. Therefore, the usage of buses should be maximize to cover the
cost because if the minimum cost of buses will impacts in term of capacity is not
enough and can cause a lot of vehicles. However, the bus company should provide a
bus to be ready in case the demand of express bus increased especially during
festivals and at the same time to cover the damage.

!'

2.5 Better Infrastructure for Fast and Convenience Intermodality


Bus terminal is a central place for people to gather and they will circulate
through the direction their express ride or shuttle bus. At the same time, the
availability of bus terminal and bus facility allows the company the option of
boarding the bus for the best and give comfort to the people. In addition, bus terminal
can be used as a centre for tourism linkages to each different states and districts. In
this case, the majority of travellers use the bus facility and buses as more secure and
higher quality.


Generally, bus terminal is located within an area which continues to appeal to
the masses as an administrative, cultural, trade, education, port, airport, and railway
station. In addition, the terminal also close to a major highway exit and access to the
urban area for the shuttle bus to the destination. Therefore, the location of terminals
play an important role in the logistics centre for the public opportunity to do
activities such as trade, express bus service and shuttle bus, and others. Broad view
of the terminal upgrade should emphasize for the short term and long term because in
the future, the percentage of terminals and bus usages is increasing as more
convenient, comfortable, and affordable. Typically, at bus terminal have a different
platform for express bus and shuttle bus to ensure that express bus and shuttle bus
easy to park the bus so that passengers are not in a hurry to catch a bus and do not
endanger the safety of passengers. Moreover, at terminal bus need to make a way for
the departure and arrival of each bus platform so as not to confuse passengers
boarding the bus or waiting the bus. [2]

!(

To provide comforts to passengers, enough space for luggage loading have to
be available and assistant services for people with reduced mobility must be offered.
For example, this issue priority at senior citizen and disable people that difficult to
bring their stuff to get into bus. If it is provide the luggage loading, it will reduce
time to manage luggage in bus or during walked to the gate away. [2] Furthermore,
LCD information need to display at the front of waiting area for departure and arrival
platform such as at Stockholm Cityteminalen inform passengers about delays,
departure and arrivals platform, facilities, and services available in terminal. This
way, can show to passengers the number of bus, number of gates either correct or
not.


Besides that, comfort and facilities for passengers also very important either
at terminal or in the buses in terms of the quality of facilities and services in bus
terminal very important because passengers will not satisfied if the quality is bad. If
the quality of facilities and service are good and comfortable equipment can get the
positive feedback from customer because they satisfy with the facilities and services
at the bus terminal. Usually, in bus terminal was provide the waiting area with the
comfortable seating, lighting, and good quality of air-condition or heating system in
that area. At the same time, the maintenance for facilities and the service for air-
condition make sure clean and in the waiting area also play a role which is
comfortable seating and cafeteria while waiting for the bus arrived.





!)

The important things are hygiene in the terminal especially in the toilet
because all people using the toilet. Moreover, bus drivers also need facilities for them
get a rest for a while waiting for the next trip such as shower, lounges, cafeteria,
toilet and resting room. When bus drivers have their own facilities, they will get
enough rest to moving for the next trip and they can give the best services for the
passengers. For example, at Southport (UK) has already introduced such facilities
successfully, which, in combination with similar measures to welcome groups of
tourists, has resulted in a record growth of coach tourism visits, including during the
low tourist season, such as from no single coach having visited the city in January
and February 1995, to more than 300 coaches in 2008. [2]










!*



(Figure 2.5.1)

(Source: usd.com.my)








(Figure 2.5.2)

(www.tvsmith.my)
#+

2.6 Security for Customers Safety


As we know that bus terminal operate 24 hours a day because the scheduling
for trip are flexible and terminal also as a place for passengers congregate and should
be have police to protect peoples from criminal such as pickpocket, theft, snatch and
other criminals. To make a terminal and bus in a security, installed the security
camera at terminal were the places that to dark, in buses, path leading to the toilet,
waiting area, and the places were easy to make some criminal. Security systems very
important because to reduce criminal and to ensure that peoples feel safety then will
increased the demand for using buses for their travelling. Moreover, security safety
will protect especially women and children because they do not know how to protect
themselves.


Furthermore, lighting stop can make passengers feel secure when they
waiting buses at the night trip. When all security systems functioning, passengers
will feel secure and comfortable to wait buses arrival at the terminal. In addition,
provide fire safety to prevent any emergency if fires occur in terminal or in buses.
For example, at the Park Lane bus and coach station in Sunderland, which is used
19 hours a day, new light were installed and their functionality is controlled on a
regular basis.[2]




#!









(Figure 2.6.1)

(http://mazidulakmal.com)















##



CHAPTER 3




RESEARCH METHODOLOGY




3.1 Introduction


In this chapter we will explain about the research methodology that already
used for our research. In this chapter, we will explain about our research design and
data sources. Basicly, we have 3 research methodology as stated in our proposal
which is :


1. Make a interview with the company who operate the Larkin Bus Terminal.

2. Distributes questionaire to the terminal user to gain input data about their
perspective on the Larkin Bus Terminal.

3. Make a survey to get the current situation at the Larkin Bus Terminal.

#$

3.2 Research Design


Firstly, due to rejection from the Damansara Assets Sdn Bhd about the
interview, we just do the surveying the website of the Damansara Assets Sdn Bhd.
Then, we managed to gain some data about the Larkin Bus Terminal such as average
people use the terminal everyday and some information about bus platforms.
Therefore, we already achieved our first research methodology.


Secondly, after we done the website surveying of Damansara Assets Sdn Bhd
we already calculate the sample and we have done distributes the questionaire to the
sample of the terminal user. From that questionaire, we got the input data about the
terminal user perspective about the Larkin Bus Terminal. Besides, we also got the
opinion from the terminal user in order to improve the bus flow efficiency and
terminal comfortabality. Therefore, we already completed our second research
methodolgy for our reseacrh.


Our third research methodology is make a survey for current situations at the
Larkin Bus terminal, so our team already went to the Larkin Bus Terminal to make a
survey for the current scenarios and as a prove we already atteched all the picture on
the chapter 4 which is data analysis and result as a proved that we already make the
survey. Finally, we already completed all our research methodoly for final year
project and also completed our chapter 3.


#%



(Figure 3.2.1: Process of Research Design)









(1)
Do the
interview
(2)
Distribute
Questionaire
(3)
Make survey on
current
situation
(4)
Collecting data
and analyse
#&

3.3 Data Sources


For our research, we used 2 types of data to complete our research
which is:

1. Primary Data

2. Secondary Data


Primary Data


Primary data is the most valuable data thas has been collected, this primary
data is collected from our website surveying and questionaire. For the website
surveying, we managed to get some primary about the average user per day for the
sampling calculation and total number of bus platforms builded. For the questionaire,
we already provide 14 question for the terminal user to answer. To done the
questionaire quite tough especially to get the terminal user cooperation.





#'

Secondary Data


Our secondary data is gain from the survey on the current scenarios at the
research location. So, our team went to the Larkin Bus Terminal and make a survey
on the current scenarios at the Larkin Bus Terminal. Therefore, we already attached
all the picture that has been catched during the survey as the proved that we have
done the survey.




3.4 Sampling


For our sampling, we managed to get the information from the Larkin bus
terminal developer which is Damansara Assets Sdn Bhd. So, the calculation form
sampling as shown below :
Average number of people using the terminal everyday (according to Damansara
Assets website) is 60 000 per day.


#(

We take 10% from 60 000 people
= 6000 people
We small the scale by take 30% from 6000 people
= 1800 people
We small the scale by take 10% from 1800 people
= 180 people
(Table: Sampling)


We managed to do the sampling sum of 200 sample because our group
capabilities only capable to completed 200 sampling by divided 65 sample for each
group members. Besides, the reason why we increase to 200 sampling is because to
get more accurate data for our research.To complete 10% from the actual scale which
is 6000 sample is impossible due to lack of human power in our group.










#)

3.5 Limitation


I. Time
Time is the main factor of our limitation because we already given around 4
month to do our research. So, to follow the actual scale of the sampling is totally
impossible for us to complete.


II. Interview Rejection
Actually, during our research we want to interview the developer of the
Larkin bus terminal developer which is Damansara Assets Sdn Bhd. But, after we
approach them for few times and we wait for the interview for around 2 weeks,
finally they reject our interview application. Therefore, due to lack of time we just
gain some information about the Larkin bus terminal from the Larkin bus terminal
developer website.


III. Cost
Costing is the one of the limitation for us in order to complete this research,
our group just consist of 3 members so our group financial background not really
strong. To follow the actual scale of sampling we need high cost to complete the
survey. Thats why we just managed to make 200 of sampling and in the same we can
afford for the sampling cost.


#*

IV Individual Capabilities
10% from 60000 is 6000, thats is the actual scale for our sampling. So, with 3
group members to complete 6000 sample in 4 month duration is impossible because
daily we only can managed can get 30-40 sample for each group members. Thats
why we small the scale to a more achievable scale in line with our group capabilities.


























$+



CHAPTER 4




DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULT




4.1 Finding


The researchers was made a survey at Larkin bus terminal at Johor Bahru for
interviewed passengers, ticket seller, and seller around Larkin terminal bus to know
the perspective passengers about the bus flow management at Larkin bus terminal. At
the same time, we also made a survey on current situation at Larkin terminal bus to
identified the scenario occured at larkin terminal bus. So, we distributed questionaire
for 200 hundreds respondents and we distributed the questionaire randomly.









$!

4.2 Data Analysis and Result


SECTION A

Result no.1



(Figure 4.2.1: Gender of Respondents)

Based on the survey we have done in the terminal bus Larkin, the usage of
terminal bus Larkin shows that more males than females. Survey for the gender of
respondentss using is we choose randomly. The pie chart above as evidence that men
show more percent by 65 percent while 35 percent were female who use Terminal
Larkin as a place for them to ride on the bus.


'&,
$&,
Gender of Respondents
Male
Female
$#

Result no.2



(Figure 4.2.2: Age of Respondents)

Based on a bar graph, showing the age of the respondents that using Terminal
Larkin taken at random, are among the 18 years up to 36 years and above. The
results shown in the bar graph above, respondents aged 26 to 35 years by 79 percent.
For respondents aged 36 years and above only have 2 percent difference with
respondents aged 26 years to 35 years, that is 77 percent. Next, results in bar a graph
above shows respondents under 18 years of age who use the terminal to catch a bus
is 26 percent. Based on the surveys that we have done in the Terminal Larkin,
respondents under 18 years of age mostly by shuttle bus to move within Johor Bahru.
Percent of the lowest use Terminal Larkin to catch a bus is 19 years of age up to 25
years with 18 percent.


26 to 35
36 and
above
Below
18
19 to 25
Respondents 79 77 26 18
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
N
o
.

o
f


R
e
s
p
o
n
d
e
n
t
s
.


Age of Respondents
$$

Result no.3



( Figure 4.2.3: Destination)

Based on our respondents interviewed, many respondents use the bus from
Terminal Larkin to go to the destinations that they want wish to go. Therefore, we
divided into three sections in the range of destination, within Johor Bahru, within
Johor, and outside Johor. The result shown in the pie charts above shows many
respondents using Terminal Larkin to move out of Johor to the percentage of 65
percent. Destination for around Johor Bahru area is about 21 percent. Lastly, the
percentage ofrespondents destinations within Johor was low at 14 percent.





21%
14%
65%
Destinations of Respondents
Within Johor Bahru
Within Johor
Outside Johor
$%

SECTION B

Result no.1



(Figure 4.2.4: Type of Buses)

Based on our survey, there are two types of buses that provided place and
service for respondents in Terminal bus Larkin and some respondents are using the
two types of bus. Based on our result in the pie chart above, the percentage of
respondents that using express bus by 51 percent because mostly respondents moving
outside Johor. Next, the results for the usage of shuttle bus show by 44 percent
respondents using shuttle bus for moving within Johor Bahru. In this case, some
respondents are using both the type of buses which the total of percentage that we got
was by 5 percent.


44%
51%
5%
Type of Bus Used By Respondents
Shuttle Bus
Express Bus
Both
$&

Result no.2



(Figure 4.2.5: Satisfaction The Trip Management)

The survey result reveal 98% respondents satisfied with the trip management
providing by bus company. So, it can show that bus at company at Terminal Larkin
give the best services for their passengers. At the same time, reveal 2% only for
respondents that not satisfied with the trip management provided by bus company to
respondents.






98%
2%
Percentages of Satisfication of Respondents with The
Trip Mangement Provide By Bus Company
Satisfied
Not Satisfied
$'

Result no.3



(Figure 4.2.6: Time Taken Waiting Bus)

For this question, estimation the times within 10 minutes to one hour and
above, so as a result on the graph bar above, majority respondents take time for
waiting bus to hitching the bus form Terminal Larkin in 10 minutes was by 64
percent. Next, through the survey time frame taken by respondents for 15 minutes
was recorded at 63 percent is not much difference with the percent for 10 minutes.
Besides, there are also respondents took 30 minutes to catch a bus from Terminal
Larkin. Based on the bar graph, the percentage of 30 minutes is 46 percent. The
longest time for the respondent to wait for an hour and above. Form this situation, the
bar graph shows a total of 27 percent of the time taken by respondents waiting to
hitching the bus in Terminal Larkin for one an hour above.


10
Minutes
15
Minutes
30
Minutes
1 Hour
and
Above
Respondents 64 63 46 27
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
N
o
.
o
f

R
e
s
p
o
n
d
e
n
t
s

Time Taken by Respondents Waiting Bus to
Hitching The Bus
$(

Result no.4



(Figure 4.2.7: Situation Drop Off Not In The Platform)

On the experienced situation of respondents drop off by the bus driver not in
the platform existed in trip management by companies bus actually. There was 60%
had experienced where the bus driver drop them at not suppose platform. 40% of that
had no experienced on that situation. Mostly, 60% had these experienced according
to the management of company of bus were totally not fulfill on satisfaction of
customers at all. In conclusion, the authorities should be enforcing this illegal
activity by driver bus, these will invite any of accidental towards passengers or
others.




60%
40%
The Experienced Situation of Respondents Drop Off
by The Bus Driver Not In The Platform
Yes
No
$)

Result no.5



(Figure 4.2.8: Changes Parking Lot at The Platform)

The parking lots provided by terminal was already followed the specification
of terminal. The percentage of according to result, the parking lot for buses at the
platform always change was agrees by respondents. Management of terminal of
Larkin had fixed the parking for bus. Almost 97% were encountering this situation.
Poor of arrangement by company bus could be invite leak of time passengers and
congestions at the main road of terminal. Then, 3% of the results respondents said
Yes about the changing parking lot at the platform. In conclusion, the management
should be noticed and set ones hand to overcome of this issued of platform.




97%
3%
Is It The Parking Lot For Buses At The Platform
Always Changes by Respondents
Yes
No
$*


Result no.6



(Figure 4.2.9: Comfortability Hitching Bus at Larkin Terminal Bus)

The percentage of respondents feel comfortable use the Larkin terminal to
hitching the bus was 54%. The graph shows that rate of comfortable was not
perfectly satisfied by respondents. But 46% was really uncomfortable with the
operations of the Larkin terminal to hitching the bus. Unscheduled trips by bus
management were related to passengers to hitching the bus. Supposedly the
platforms of buses were appointed to destinations and type of buses, but in our
observations and respondents comment the buses were not in right platform. This is
the reason respondents had been feel uncomfortable due to hitching the bus. In
conclusion, the management of Larkin terminal should be finalized the solution to
overcome to be efficient terminal.

54%
46%
Percentage by Respondents Feel Comfortable use
The Larkin Terminal To Hitching The Bus
Comfortable
Uncomfortable
%+

Result no.7



(Figure 4.2.10: Efficiency Bus Operation)

There were 70 respondents were disagrees the Larkin terminal efficient with
the bus operation. 22 respondents were agrees according to the efficient of Larkin
terminal with the bus operation.85 respondents we can see the large number of
respondents were 50-50 agree and disagree which was average due to efficient of the
Larkin terminal with the bus operations. Then, only 6 respondents strongly disagree
about the efficiency of bus operation. This is because the Larkin terminal still not
works or operated efficiently. In conclusion, the improvement should be implement
in this terminal to become more an efficient to passengers.



Average
Disagre
e
Agree
Strongly
Disagre
e
Strongly
Agree
Respondents 85 70 22 17 6
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
N
o
.

o
f

R
e
s
p
o
n
d
e
n
t
s

In Scenery by Respondents Do Larkin Terminal
Efficiently with The Bus Operation
%!

Result no.8



(Figure 4.2.11: Upgraded to be a Sophisticated Terminal)

Based on the bar chart above, the large number of respondents, which was 72
respondents strongly, agrees due to upgrade the terminal to be a sophisticated such as
install the waiting area in proper and safe for passengers. Then, 60 respondents were
agrees the Larkin terminal needed to upgrade to be a sophisticated terminal. For the
percentage of respondents that average to sophisticated Larkin terminal is 52
respondents. Next, 16 respondents disagree with the upgraded the Larkin terminal to
become a sophisticated terminal because the existing the terminal already
sophisticated. Awareness and visibility must be clear and convenient for passengers
to use the terminal. Should be more upgrading on Larkin terminal to be a
sophisticated terminal.

Strongly
Agree
Agree Average Disagree
Strongly
Disagree
Respondents 72 60 52 16 0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
N
o
.

o
f

R
e
s
p
o
n
d
e
n
t
s

Is It The Larkin Terminal Needed To Upgrade To Be a Sophisticated
Terminal by Respondents
%#

Result no.9



(Figure 4.2.12: Safety at The Waiting Area)

The level security at the Larkin terminal was not already safe for passengers.
So, 67 respondents was huge number said the waiting area at the Larkin terminal was
strongly not safe for passengers. The criminal still around terminal such as
pickpocket grazing and other. Based on the bar chart above, 43 respondents said
agree about the safety at waiting area. Then, 41 respondents were said the level of
security level was in average stage. Next, 39 respondents said agree waiting area at
Larkin terminal are safe. Lastly, 10 respondents strongly agree about the safety in
Larkin terminal.



Strongl
y
Disagre
e
Disagre
e
Average Agree
Strongl
y Agree
Respondents 67 43 41 39 10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
N
o
.

o
f


R
e
s
p
o
n
d
e
n
t
s

Is It The Waiting Area At The Terminal Larkin Safe for
Respondents
%$

Result no.10



(Figure 4.2.13: Improving Parking Buses at The Centre Area)

Based on the pie chart show that 92% were agrees to be improving for rarely
used bus parking area at the center of the bus terminal. Small percentage, which was
8% of, disagrees to be improving the terminal to become an efficient terminal. The
platform in terminal wasnt already enough because Larkin terminal was the main
terminal in Johor. Developer of Larkin terminal needed replenish a platform on the
center of bus terminal and renewal the existing to become an effective and efficient
terminal.




92%
8%
Should Be To Improve For Rarely Used Bus Parking Area
At The Centre Of The Bus Terminal by Respondents
Yes
No
%%

4.3 Current Scenario at Larkin Bus Terminal


We also make survey on the current scenarios happen at the Larkin bus
terminal. Before we make a survey at Larkin bus terminal, we went to Larkin bus
terminal survey a current scenario at Larkin bus terminal to make an observation.
Therefore, we already attached some picture taken from our survey and some
explanation about the picture about the current scenario at Larkin bus terminal.























%&

4.3.1 Scenario (a)














(Figure 4.3.1.1: Larkin Terminal Bus Johor Bahru)




The picture above show that the scenario at the Larkin bus terminal. What we
can see is the crowded around the platform and also we can see the inefficient of bus
flow around the Larkin bus terminal. From here we can see that the platform for
shuttle bus and express bus are mix together, that is the one of the problem that cause
inefficient of bus flow operation at the Larkin bus terminal.






%'

4.3.2 Scenario (b)



(Picture 4.3.2.2: Larkin Terminal Bus Johor Bahru)


The picture above show the rarely use bus parking area. In our research, we
also make some research about this area and as we know this area is for bus to park
there. But, they very rarely use this parking area. From our research, majority from
our sampling support if this area being upgraded to make the bus flow operation at
the Larkin bus terminal more efficient.





%(

4.3.3 Scenario (c)



(Picture4.3.3.3: Larkin Terminal Bus Johor Bahru)


In the picture above we can see the condition of the Larkin bus terminal
waiting area. What we can see is the situation of the waiting area is not really
comfortable for all level of people. Besides, this waiting area also not really safety
for the terminal user because many criminal already happen at this area due to lack of
safety officer such as police and security guard said by our sample. From our
research, most of our sample suggest this waiting area to be upgraded to more
comfortable and safe enough for all level of people that use this terminal.




%)

4.3.4 Scenarion (d)



(Picture 4.3.4.4: Larkin Terminal Bus Johor Bahru)


As shown in the picture above, clearly we can see that platform actually is for
shuttle bus. But, during our research we got that express bus is use that platform to
fetch their passenger. Here we can see that about inefficient of bus flow operation
problem because shuttle bus and express bus not use separated paltform to fetch their
passengers.






%*



CHAPTER 5




RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION




5.1 Recommendation


From our research about the inefficient bus flow operation at the Larkin bus
terminal, we got many new recommendation from our respondents in order to
improve the bus flow operation. We gain all the recommendation by done the
questionaire to all the respondents.









&+

5.1.1 Add More Signboards.


At the Larkin terminal, they lack of signboards provided by the developer and
every terminal user will difficult to fine their actual terminal to hitching the bus.
From our research, we also saw a family that did know who exactly their platform to
hitching the bus. At the terminal also got other place such as food court and Surau, so
the signboard to go to that place also very rare to see. So, this recommnendation is
very important and useful that the developer should take note. So, the bus flow
operation can be more efficient.




5.1.2 Add More Platform


From our reality survey to the Larkin bus terminal, we also saw a bus did not
have a platform to drop their passenger, so what they do is they drop their passenger
at the bus parking lot. Thats will dangered the passenger because they have to walk
accross the bus route to get to the terminal. From our research, we also gain some
information about a accident between passenger that walk accross the bus route at the
Larkin bus terminal. So, by build more platform all the bus can drop their passenger
at the right platform. The Larkin terminal developer can take a proper terminal
something like Klang central and Termina Bersepadu Selatan (TBS) as their
benchmark.

&!


5.1.3 Seperate The Express Bus and Shuttle Bus


By build more bus platforms, that mean more places for bus to drop their
pasenger at the right place. So, to make the bus flow operation more efficien Larkin
bsu terminal should seperate the shuttle bus and express bus because sometimes the
terminal user or passenger confius to find their bus because shuttle bus and express
bus platforms mix together. If they seperate the shuttle bus and express bus all the
passenger and terminal user can find their bus more easily and systematic. Therefore,
the bus flow operation can be more efficien.




5.1.3 Upgrade the waiting area for passenger


Currently, the waiting area at the Larkin bus terminal is comfortable for
certain people but still not comfortable if we compare to other bus terminal is
Malaysia such as Pudu terminal, Klang terminal and Terminal Bersepadu Selatan
(TBS). To build a efficien bus flow operation at Larkin terminal we also must
upgrade the terminal, so every passenger or terminal user can enjoy the efficient
environment at the Larkin bus terminal in line with rapid development of Johor state.


&#


5.1.5 Increase the safety level at the Larkin bus terminal


The safety level at the Larkin bus terminal also not really convincing the
terminal user or passenger because many criminal case was recorded around the
terminal such as pick pocket and handbag snatcher. So to increase the safety level at
the terminal we must increase the number of police officer to control the terminal
area. Then, we also have to increase the interval time of police monitoring around the
terminal. So, we can see the police officer monitoring the terminal rapidly.




5.1.6 Expand the size of the terminal


In line with rapid development of Johor, everyday the user of the Larkin bus
terminal will increase day by day. The existing terminal absolutely compact to
beared the 60 000 people per day and the situation will be hyper congested. They
also must take other terminal in Malaysia such as Terminal Bersepadu Selatan and
Pudu Terminal as their benchmark. Therefore, the Larkin terminal developer which
is Damansara Assets Sdn Bhd must take some initiatives to upgrade the size of the
terminal in order to make the bus flow operation more efficient and high prestiges, at
least can beared around 100 000 of people per day.

&$


5.2 CONCLUSION


Based on our research at the Larkin bus terminal, we will conclude in this
chapter which is conclusion and we also make conclusion based on data that we
gained from our 200 of questionaire. Our conclusion will be about customer or
terminal user perspective about the inefficient of bus flow at Larkin bus terminal.
From our research, most of the terminal user use the express bus which mean most of
people that use the Larkin terminal is for long journey. Besides, the number of
people use that terminal for short distance which mean they will use shuttle bus as
their transport also quite high rated but not high as people who us the express bus.


From aspects of satisfaction of trip management, the customer or terminal
user is satisfy with the trips management provided by the bus company. That means
all the bus company meets the customer satisfaction in terms of time, places and
ticket price. Others, there is quite serious problem about many bus drop their
passenger not at the platform, which mean they drop their passenger at the bus
parking area then all the passengers must walk accross the bus route to get to the
platform. This is very dangerous because the situation at the bus route is very busy
because bus use that route everytime. During our research, the ticket seller from an
bus company talk to us about accident that happen involved between passenger and
bus, this situation happen because the bus frop their passenger not on the platform.



&%


Majority the Larkin terminal user feel comfortable to use the terminal as their
public transport hub. But, in line with Johor state growth that Larkin bus terminal
must be upgraded to a better terminal because people that use that terminal is getting
rise day by day. Therefore, if the terminal is well upgrade the capacity of the terminal
also can increase per day. From our research, the customer or terminal user also
strongly agree if that Larkin terminal to be upgrade to better bus terminal. We also
want to make conclusion about the safety of the bus terminal, based on the terminal
user perspective the situation at the Larkin bus terminal is not safe enough for all
level of people. From our research, many criminal cases was recorded at the Larkin
terminal at the Larkin terminal such as pick pocket and handbag snatchers. Police
officer also very rarely to see walk around the waiting area at the terminal.
Therefore, the developer must do something such as put more safety officer at the
Larkin bus terminal.


Lastly, what we got from our research is about the rarely used bus parking
area at the center of the terminal, from terminal user or customer perspective that
place must be upgraded in order to make the bus flow operation at the Larkin bus
terminal more efficient. Many opinion from the terminal user such as use that area
build more plaform so all shuttle and express bus can be separated to make the bus
flow operation more efficien. That is our conclusion from our research about the
inefficient of bus flow operation at the Larkin bus terminal.





&&




REFERRENCE




A. Electronic Sources


[1] Damansara Assets Sdn Bhd (A Member of The Johor Corporation Group of
Companies)
(http://www.damansaraassets.com.my)

[2] Practical Solutions First Edition Doubling the Use of Collective Passenger
Transport by Bus and Coach
(http://www.busandcoach.travel/download/en_smart_movepractical_solutions_final.pdf)

[3] The World Bank Group and PPIAF (2006) FactorsInfluencing Bus System
Efficiency
(http://www.ppiaf.org/sites/ppiaf.org/files/documents/toolkits/UrbanBusToolkit/asset
s/1/1d/1d.html)


[4] EUROPLATFORM EEIG January 2004
(http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/trans/main/eatl/docs/EN-REV-
What_is_a_Freight_VillageFinalcorretto.pdf)

&'



[6]http://www.used-buses.net/bustypes/shuttle_bus.asp

[7] Intermodal Freight Terninals,2006 Europian Communities.,In Search of
Efficiency to Support Intermodality Growth
(http://www.transportresearch.info/Upload/Documents/200608/20060831_100031_82868_in
termodal_freight.pdf)

[8] Steven Seminelli,.Thesis Proposal,. Station Requirement,.
-http://stevenseminelli.com/steven_seminelli/thesis_files/Station%20Requirements%
20(thesis).pdf.














&(


APPENDIX A




UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR
MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY
( MITEC )
A STUDY ON THE INEFFICIENT BUS FLOW OPERATION FLOW HAPPEN IN
LARKIN BUS TERMINAL

NAME RESEARCHER: MOHAMMAD NAZREEN SHAH BIN MESLI
MOHAMAD FARHAN BIN HASHIM
SAIDATUL AMIRA BT SHAHRUL BAHRIN
COURSE: DIPLOMA IN INDUSTRIAL LOGISTICS

&)


QUESTIONAIRE FORM


This questionaire form to make a survey and collect the data about A Study on the
Inefficient Current Buses Opeartion Flow Happen in Larkin Bus Terminal for our
Final Year Project. Your cooperation we really appreciate to make this research run
smoothly and successful.Thank you so much.


Section A
1. Gender
A. Male ( ) B. Female ( )

2. Age
A. Below 18 C. 19-25
B. 26-35 D. 36 and above

3. Destination _________________________





&*




Section B
1. Usually, what type of bus you use for travelling?
A. Shuttle bus ( )
B. Express bus ( )
C. Both ( )

2. Are you satisfied with the trips management is provided by bus company?
A. Satisfied ( )
B. Not satisfied ( )

3. Usually, how long you waiting bus to hitching the bus?
A. 10 minutes ( )
B. 15 minutes ( )
C. 30 minutes ( )
D. 1 hour and above ( )

4. Have you ever experienced asituation like bus drivers drop off passengers is
not in the paltform?
A. Yes ( )
B. No ( )

5. Do you think that the parking lot for buses at the platform always change?
A. Yes ( ) B. No ( )
'+


6. Did you feel comfortable use Larkin terminal to hitching the bus?
A. Comfortable ( )
B. Uncomfortable ( )

7. In your scenery, do this efficiently Larkin terminal with the bus operation?
A. Strongly agree ( )
B. Agree ( )
C. Average ( )
D. Disagree ( )
E. Strongly disagree ( )

8. Do you think if terminal Larkin is upgraded to be a sophisticated terminal?
A. Strongly agree ( )
B. Agree ( )
C. Average ( )
D. Disagree ( )
E. Strongly disagree ( )

9. Do you think waiting area at terminal Larkin safe for passengers?
A. Strongly agree ( )
B. Agree ( )
C. Average ( )
D. Disagree ( )
E. Strongly disagree ( )



'!

10. Do you think the rarely used bus parking bay area at the centre of the
platform should to be improve ?
A. Yes ( ) B. No ( )

Section C
1. Give your suggestion to improve terminal Larkin?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________