Impressionism is a 19th-century art movement

that originated with a group of Paris-based

artists. Their independent exhibitions brought
them to prominence during the 1870s and
1880s, in spite of harsh opposition from the
conventional art community in France. The
name of the style derives from the title of a
Claude Monet work, Impression, soleil levant
(Impression, Sunrise), which provoked the critic
Louis Leroy to coin the term in a satirical
review published in the Parisian newspaper Le
Charivari.
Realism (or naturalism) in the arts is the
attempt to represent subject matter truthfully,
without artificiality and avoiding artistic
conventions, implausible, exotic and
supernatural elements. Realism has been
prevalent in the arts at many periods, and is in
large part a matter of technique and training,
and the avoidance of stylization. In the visual
arts, illusionistic realism is the accurate
depiction of life forms, perspective, and the
details of light and color. Realist works of art
may emphasize the ugly or sordid, such as
works of social realism, regionalism, or Kitchen
sink realism.
Expressionism was a modernist movement,
initially in poetry and painting, originating in
Germany at the beginning of the 20th century.
Its typical trait is to present the world solely
from a subjective perspective, distorting it
radically for emotional effect in order to evoke
moods or ideas.

Expressionist artists sought to
express meaning

or emotional experience
rather than physical reality. Expressionism was
developed as an avant-garde style before the
First World War. It remained popular during
the Weimar Republic, particularly in Berlin.
The style extended to a wide range of the arts,
including expressionist architecture, painting,
literature, theatre, dance, film and music.
Dada or Dadaism was an art movement of the
European avant-garde in the early 20th
century. Many claims Dada began in Zurich,
Switzerland in 1916, spreading to Berlin shortly
thereafter but the height of New York Dada
was the year before, in 1915.To quote Dona
Budd's The Language of Art Knowledge,
Surrealism is a cultural movement that began
in the early 1920s, and is best known for its
visual artworks and writings. The aim was to
"resolve the previously contradictory conditions
of dream and reality." Artists painted
unnerving, illogical scenes with photographic
precision, created strange creatures from
everyday objects and developed painting
techniques that allowed the unconscious to
express itself and/or an idea/concept.
Cubism is an early-20th-century avant-garde
art movement pioneered by Georges Braque
and Pablo Picasso, joined by Jean Metzinger,
Albert Gleizes, Robert Delaunay, Henri Le
Fauconnier, Fernand Lger and Juan Gris
[1]

that revolutionized European painting and
sculpture, and inspired related movements in
music, literature and architecture. Cubism has
been considered the most influential art
movement of the 20th century.
[2]
The term is
broadly used in association with a wide variety
of art produced in Paris (Montmartre,
Montparnasse and Puteaux) during the 1910s
and extending through the 1920s. Variants
such as Futurism and Constructivism developed
in other countries.
Abstract art uses a visual language of form,
color and line to create a composition which
may exist with a degree of independence from
visual references in the world.
[1]
Western art
had been, from the Renaissance up to the
middle of the 19th century, underpinned by the
logic of perspective and an attempt to
reproduce an illusion of visible reality. The arts
of cultures other than the European had
become accessible and showed alternative
ways of describing visual experience to the
artist.