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This document discusses high voltage testing and provides information on several topics related to high voltage engineering:
1) It explains the purpose of high voltage testing is to ensure insulation can withstand overvoltages and meet design requirements. Testing investigates insulation performance.
2) High voltage tests are classified as routine tests done by manufacturers, type tests performed on new product types, and sample/special tests for specific analyses.
3) Standards provide guidance on high voltage principles, procedures, safety and require design, material and installation quality. Tests mentioned include power frequency, dry and wet impulse voltage withstand tests and flashover tests.
4) Insulation strength is measured by basic switching impulse and lightning impulse levels, which express the
This document discusses high voltage testing and provides information on several topics related to high voltage engineering:
1) It explains the purpose of high voltage testing is to ensure insulation can withstand overvoltages and meet design requirements. Testing investigates insulation performance.
2) High voltage tests are classified as routine tests done by manufacturers, type tests performed on new product types, and sample/special tests for specific analyses.
3) Standards provide guidance on high voltage principles, procedures, safety and require design, material and installation quality. Tests mentioned include power frequency, dry and wet impulse voltage withstand tests and flashover tests.
4) Insulation strength is measured by basic switching impulse and lightning impulse levels, which express the
This document discusses high voltage testing and provides information on several topics related to high voltage engineering:
1) It explains the purpose of high voltage testing is to ensure insulation can withstand overvoltages and meet design requirements. Testing investigates insulation performance.
2) High voltage tests are classified as routine tests done by manufacturers, type tests performed on new product types, and sample/special tests for specific analyses.
3) Standards provide guidance on high voltage principles, procedures, safety and require design, material and installation quality. Tests mentioned include power frequency, dry and wet impulse voltage withstand tests and flashover tests.
4) Insulation strength is measured by basic switching impulse and lightning impulse levels, which express the
High Voltage Engineering ~High Voltage Engineering~
HighVoltageTesting g g g 06/01/2011 HighVoltageTestingPhilosophy HighVoltageTestingPhilosophy Dielectric/insulationmaterialshouldpossess d l d goodinsulatingpropertiesoverawiderange ofoperationparameters. HighVoltagetestsareappliedtodetermine theabilityoftheinsulationtomeetits theabilityoftheinsulationtomeetits designrequirements h h l l Toensurethattheelectricalequipments arecapableofwithstandingthe l h h 06/01/2011 overvoltages thataremetwithinservice. PurposeoftheHighVoltageTesting PurposeoftheHighVoltageTesting Coversbasicrequirementsproceduresfor l l l testingonseveralelectricalapparatus. Normally,highvoltage(HV)testingisto h l f investigatetheinsulationperformance 06/01/2011 Forcustomer:Todemonstratethattheapparatus hasmettheguaranteedspecificationsofdielectric hasmettheguaranteedspecificationsofdielectric strength. Formanufacturer:Tocheckonthedesign,a determinationofthestrengthofthematerialsand id t th d l t fb tt i t aguidetothedevelopmentofbetterequipment. 06/01/2011 06/01/2011 l f f ClassificationofTests I.RoutineTest I.RoutineTest Madebythemanufactureroneveryfinished pieceofproducttomakesuchthatitfulfillsthe specifications.Itcanbepartofthe manufacturingprocess. E l fR ti t t o ExamplesofRoutinetest: Powerfrequencyovervoltagetestforinsulation, i e Oneminutepowerfrequencyvoltage i.e.Oneminutepowerfrequencyvoltage withstandtest.Thisisperformedoneveryunit atthemanufacturersfactoryandpossibleafter 06/01/2011 y p receiptoftheunitbythepurchaser. II.TypeTest Performedoneachtypeofinsulatorsbeforetheir supplyonageneralcommercialscalesoasto supplyonageneralcommercialscalesoasto demonstratetheperformancecharacteristics meetingtheintendedapplication g pp Thesetestsneednotberepeatedunlesschangesare d i th d i fth d t madeinthedesignoftheproduct o ExamplesofTypetest: Drylightningimpulsevoltagewithstandtest Drylightningimpulsevoltagewithstandtest Wetswitchingimpulsevoltagewithstandtest WetACvoltagewithstandtest 06/01/2011 III.Sample/SpecialTest Thistestwhichisperformedtocheckinsulation behaviorundercertainextreme behaviorundercertainextreme o ExamplesofSample/Specialtest: p p / p Soundleveloftransformer 06/01/2011 HVStandard HVStandard StandardonHVistheguidanceontheprinciples d d f ti i l i ll ti andcodeofpracticeinvolvingallgeneration, procedures,installation,manufactures,testingand calibration. Coveringtherequirementsregardingdesign,quality ofmaterial,installation,etc. P id i id t t t i t ll Providemaximumguidancetoprotectagainstall thedamagingeffectofhighvoltage. 06/01/2011 StandardrelatedtoHVtesting StandardrelatedtoHVtesting 06/01/2011 TestonInsulator TestonInsulator I.PowerFrequencyDryandWetFlashoverTests 06/01/2011 06/01/2011 06/01/2011 II.TestswithImpulseVoltages II.TestswithImpulseVoltages 06/01/2011 ImpulseWithstandVoltageTest ImpulseWithstandVoltageTest 06/01/2011 ImpulseFlashoverTest ImpulseFlashoverTest 06/01/2011 BasicSwitchingImpulseInsulationLevel(BSL) TheBSL istheelectricalstrengthofinsulation expressedintermsofthecrestvalueofastandard it hi i l Th t ti ti lBSL i l ti switchingimpulse.ThestatisticalBSL, insulation exhibitsa90%probabilityofwithstandsa10% probabilityoffailure InIEEEStd1313 11996 the probabilityoffailure.InIEEEStd1313.11996,the BSL iscalledtheswitchingimpulsewithstand voltage. g 06/01/2011 BasicLightningImpulseInsulationLevel(BIL) TheBIL orbasiclightningimpulseinsulationlevelis th l t i l t th fi l ti di t theelectricalstrengthofinsulationexpressedinterms ofthecrestvalueofthestandardlightningimpulse. 06/01/2011 ImpulseInsulationStrength Insulationstrengthisexpressedintermsof conventionalorstatisticalBILsandBSLs. Foreveryapplicationofanimpulsehavingthe standardwaveshape andwhosecrestisequaltothe h b b l f fl h f l BILorBSL,theprobabilityofaflashoverorfailureis 10%. Themeanofthisdistributionorcharacteristicis Themeanofthisdistributionorcharacteristicis definedasthecriticalflashovervoltageorcritical flashover(CFO). 06/01/2011 as o e (C O). ImpulseInsulationStrength 06/01/2011 l l h ImpulseInsulationStrength Forthetransmissionlineinsulationstrengthis Forthetransmissionlineinsulationstrengthis usuallystatisticallydescribedbyaCFOvoltageat whichtheinsulationexhibitsa50%probabilityof flashoverandbyastandarddeviation whichis approximately5%oftheCFO (IEEEStd.62.22,1997) 06/01/2011 Standard withstand voltage for 15kV< V m 242 kV (IEEE Std1313.1, 1996) ( S , ) 06/01/2011