TEST PROCEDURES

SLUMP CONE
1. Purpose :
The slump cone is used for determining the workability of
concrete where the nominal maximum size of aggregate does
not exceed 38 mm.
. Procedure as per !" 11## $ %ethods of sampling and analysis
of concrete
a. &irstly decide the fre'uency of slump (alue to be taken
during concreting.
b. )il the interior surface of the slump cone with mould
releasing oil to pre(ent adhesion of the concrete.
c. Place the slump cone on a le(eled surface.
d. *ollect the sample in a wheelbarrow after mixing the
concrete properly in the transit mixture.
e. +emix the sample thoroughly in wheelbarrow with
sampling scoop.
f. ,fter remixing immediately fill the slump cone in layers
approximately one $ 'uarter of the height of the cone.
g. -ach layer shall be compacted with the tamping rod by
. strokes distributed in a uniform manner o(er the
cross/section of the cone and for the second and
subse'uent layers tamping rod shall penetrate into the
underlying layer.
h. ,fter compacting the top layer the concrete shall be
struck off le(el with the top of the slump cone0 using a
1111111. ,ny mould which may ha(e leaked out
between the mould and the base plate shall be
cleaned away.
i. 2nscrew the slump cone from the base plate and
remo(e it immediately from the concrete by raising it
slowly and carefully in a (ertical direction.
3. ,fter the concrete subsides place the slump cone on
the base plate in re(erse position and place a scale on
it. %easure the height between the top of the mould
and the highest point of the concrete specimen being
tested.
3. +eporting of slump (alue
The slump measured shall be reported in terms of millimeters.
VIBRATING TABLE
1. Purpose
4ibrating table is used for proper compaction of concrete 5as
per !" .16/%ethods of tests for strength of concrete7 while
casting specimens for compressi(e strength determination.
. Procedure
i. ,fter preparing the concrete mix0 put moulds on the
(ibration table platform.
ii. &ill concrete in the mould in layers of .8 mm deep.
iii. !n placing each scoopful of concrete0 mo(e the scoop
around the top edge of the mould as the concrete
slides from it0 in order to ensure a symmetrical
distribution of the concrete within the mould.
i(. 9et each layer compact by (ibration.
(. ,fter compacting concrete in 3 layers0 finish the
surface of the concrete le(el with the top of the mould.
(i. "top the table and remo(e the mould from it.

TEST PROCEDURES
BULK DENSITY MEASURE
(For Density of Conrete!
1. Purpose
The bulk density measure is used for determining the weight
per cubic meter of freshly mixed concrete 5density7 from
which the yield of concrete per cubic meter can be
calculated.
. Procedure as per !" 11## $ methods of sampling and
analysis of concrete
i. Take freshly mixed concrete from transit mixer by using
wheel borrow.
ii. &ill the cylindrical measure with concrete as soon as
practicable after mixing.
iii. &ill the cylindrical measure with concrete in layers
approximately . cm deep and each layer shall be
compacted.
i(. :hile compacting the concrete the standard tamping
bar shall be distributed in uniform manner o(er the
cross section of the measure.
(. The number of strokes per layer is 68 for 18 litres
cylinder and 18 for 8 litres cylinder.
(i. The exterior surface of the cylinder shall be tapped 18
to 1. times or until no large bubbles of air appear on
the surface of the compacted layer.
(ii. "trike/off the top surface and finish it smoothly with a
flat co(er plate.
(iii. *lean all excess concrete from the exterior and weigh
the filled measured.
ix. Density of onrete ("
#
!$ The weight per cubic meter
of concrete shall be calculated by di(iding the weight of
fully compacted concrete in the cylindrical measure by
the capacity of measure in kg;cu.m 5:
1
7.
x. Yie%& of onrete (V'! $ The (olume of concrete
produced per cum. shall be calculated as follows.
xi. V
'
( "

) "
f
) "
*
) "
+
"
#
"

< :eight of cement0 kg
"
f
< :eight of fine aggregate0 kg
"
*
< :eight of coarse aggregate0 kg
"
+
< :eight of water0 kg
TEST PROCEDURES
#,- . #,-MM C/0e Mo/%&s
1. Purpose
The moulds are used for making of concrete cubes as per
!" : .16 $ 1#.# $ %ethods of tests for strength of concrete.
. ,pparatus
:heel barrow0 sampling scoop0 trowel cube moulds of 1. x
1. x 1. cm size and tamping bar 16 mm in diameter0 8.6 m
long and bulleted point at the lower end.
3. Procedure as per !" .16
a. &irstly decide the number of samples to be taken during
concreting.
b. )il the interior surface of the mould with mould releasing
oil to pre(ent adhesion of the concrete.
c. *ollect the sample in a wheelbarrow after mixing the
concrete properly in the transit mixer.
d. +emix the sample thoroughly in wheelbarrow with
sampling scoop.
e. ,fter remixing immediately fill the mould in layers
approximately . cm deep.
f. =uring filling the mould0 the scoop shall be mo(ed around
the top edge of the mould as the concrete slides from it0 in
order to ensure a symmetrical distribution of the concrete
within the mould.
g. -ach layer shall be compacted with the tamping rod 5of
16 mm dia 68 cm long and rounded at one end7 by
minimum 3. strokes distributed in a uniform manner o(er
the cross/section of the mould.
h. ,fter compacting the tip layer0 top surface of the concrete
shall be finished le(el with the top of the mould0 using a
trowel.
i. "tore the cube moulds in a place which is free from
(ibration and co(er the surface of the concrete with a
piece of damp sacking for initial 16 to > hours.
3. ,fter this period0 mark the specimen and remo(e it from
the mould by dismantling and submerge it clean water at
a temperature of ? @
o
* and keep it till the time of
testing for compressi(e strength.
TEST PROCEDURES
PENETRATION RESISTANCE APPARATUS
1. Purpose
Penetration resistance apparatus : 5Penetrometer7 is used to
find out initial and final setting time of concrete as per !" 81>/
%ethod of test for determining setting time of concrete by
penetration resistance.
. Procedure
a. "elect a representati(e sample of concrete of known
proportion.
b. )il the interior surface of the cube mould with mould
releasing oil to pre(ent adhesion of the concrete.
c. +emo(e all of the mortar from the sample by sie(ing it
through a >.?. mm !" sie(e into a mortar pan.
d. +emix the sample thoroughly and fill it in a 1. cm cube
mould in two layers0 lea(ing a space of 13 mm 51; inch7
at top.
e. *ompact each layer with tamping rod by tamping each
layer . times. &or each test0 a set of three cube moulds
should be filled.
f. Aeep the moulds co(ered with a water impermeable
co(er and under shed for the duration of test.
g. Prior to making each penetration resistance test0 remo(e
bleeding water by using a pipette. &or easy remo(al of
water0 tilt the mould by placing a 3 cm block under one of
the edges and allow water to collect at the shallow portion
for minutes.
h. "elect 6. mm

and 16 mm

remo(able needles for initial

and final setting time respecti(ely.
i. ,fter remo(ing the bleed water0 insert the penetrometer
(ertically into the mortar. Push the apparatus gradually
until the needle 56. mm

7 penetrates the mortar upto

scribe mark0 in about 18 seconds. The force re'uired is
indicated by the white ring.
3. +ecord the force re'uired and the elapsed time after
adding water to the mix.
k. %ake penetration test at hourly inter(als0 initial test being
made after 3 hours.
l. 9ea(e a space of 8 mm from pre(ious impression in
subse'uent penetration test.
m. !nitial setting time is read off against a penetration
resistance corresponding to 3. kg f;cm

.
n. *hange the needle dia i.e. 16mm

and final setting time is

read off against a penetration resistance corresponding to
?. kgf;cm

ACCELERATED CURING MET1OD
1. Purpose :
To find out 8 days compressi(e strength of concrete in 8
hours by accelerated curing method. 5,s per !" #813/1#?8/
%ethod of making0 curing and determining compressi(e
strength of accelerated cured concrete test specimens7
Procedure :
1. ,fter the test specimens 5whose 8 days strength to be
determined7 ha(e been made0 store it in moist air of at
least #8 percent humidity for 3 hours @ 1. min.
. *o(er the specimens with flat steel co(er plate to a(oid
distortion during the use.
3. *arefully and gently lower the specimens into the curing
tank and shall remain totally immersed for a period of 3B
Cours @ 1. min.
>. The temperature of water in the curing tank shall be at
boiling 5188
o
*7 when the specimens are placed.
.. ,fter curing for 3 B hours in boil water0 the specimen shall
be carefully remo(ed from the boiling water and cooled by
immersing in cooling tank at ? @
o
* for hrs.
6. ,fter cooling remo(e the specimens from the mould and
tested for its accelerated compressi(e strength 5+a7 in
D;mm

.
?. The 8 days can be found out using following formula.
8. Predicted 8 days compressi(e strength < +8 < 8.8# @
1.6> +a0 where +a is accelerated compressi(e strength
and +8 is predicted compressi(e strength at 8 days.
TEST PROCEDURES
DIGITAL COMPRESSION TESTING MAC1INE
1. Purpose :
The digital compression $ testing machine is used to determine
the compressi(e strength of hardened concrete specimens.
Procedure as per !" .16 $ %ethods of tests for strength of concrete
1. Aeep the specimen to be tested centrally on the
clean lower platen so that small clearance is left between the
upper platen and the top the specimen under test.
. *lose the pressure release (al(e.
3. %ake the digital display to read EFeroG by ad3usting
the zero knob.
>. Put the display unit on EPeak ColdG mode to hold the
maximum load reading.
.. "tart applying the load at the specified pace rate0
which could be maintained by ad3usting the slow fast knob.
6. !f the pace rate is on higher side the indicator
displays red colour and the pace rate is on lower side the
indicator will display yellow colour.
?. !f the pace rate is exactly e'ual to set rate then the
indicator will display green colour.
8. ,s soon as sample fails0 release the pressure
slowly by opening (al(e.
#. The digital display will be holding the maximum load
reading at which sample has failed. Dote down the pattern of
failure and calculate the compressi(e strength in D;mm

or
kg;cm

.
18. Pace rate for 1. cm cube is ..1. kD;s.
11. Hefore starting another test0 clean the lower platen
and bring the digital display to EFeroG position by depressing the
E+esetG switch.
TEST PROCEDURES
VICAT APPARATUS
(St*n&*r& Consisteny!
1. Purpose :
!t is used to determine the standard consistency0 initial and final
setting of cement 5,s per !" >831 $ %ethods of physical tests for
hydraulic cement7
Procedure for determination of standard consistency :
a. Take the 4icat apparatus and fit the standard consistency
plunger 5*ylindrical one7. 9ower the stem and check if the
reading is zero when the plunger touches the non/porous
resting plate 5glass plate7. !f not ad3ust it to zero.
b. The temperature of cement and water and that of testing room
shall be preferably within the range of ? @
o
*.
c. *oat the non/porous resting plate 5glass plate7 with petroleum
3elly. Place the mould after coating it lightly with petroleum
3elly on the non/porous resting plate 5glass plate7.
d. Take 388 g of cement.
e. Prepare a past with weighed 'uantity of water 538I of weight
of cement < #8ml7.
f. The time from adding water to the dry cement till starting to fill
the 4icat mould should be within 3 to . minutes.
g. &ill the 4icat mould completely with the cement past made
and smooth off the surface of the paste0 make it le(el to the
top of the mould.
h. Place the mould under the plunger together with non/porous
resting plate.
i. 9ower the plunger gently to touch the surface of the block and
release 'uickly. %ake sure that the dash pot works properly.
3. %easure and note down the penetration.
k. *lean the mould and plate.
l. !f the (alue obtained is below . mm then try with lesser
'uantity of water 5say #I0 8I0 etc.7 repeat steps c to k
abo(e with the lesser water.
m. !f the (alue obtained is abo(e ? mm then try with more
'uantity of water 5say 31I0 3I etc.7 repeat steps c to k
abo(e with more water.
n. Aeep doing abo(e tests with (arying percentages of water
until the amount of water for the re'uired penetration of . to
?mm (alue is found.
o. "tandard consistency : -xpress the amount of water as a
percentage by weight of the dry cement.
TEST PROCEDURES
VICAT APPARATUS
(Initi*% settin2 ti3e of e3ent!
1. Procedure as per !" >831 $ %ethods of physical tests for
hydraulic cement
a. Take the 4icat apparatus and fit the standard
consistency plunger 5Deedle type7. 9ower the stem and
check if the reading is zero when the plunger touches
the non/porous resting plate 5glass plate7. !f not ad3ust it
to zero.
b. The temperature of cement and water and that of testing
room shall be preferably within the range of ? @
o
*.
c. *oat the non/porous resting plate 5glass plate7 with
petroleum 3elly. Place the mould after coating it lightly
with petroleum 3elly0 on the non/porous resting plate
5glass plate7.
d. Take 388 g of cement.
e. Prepare a neat cement paste mixed with water which is
8.8. times that of standard consistency 5i.e. !f standard
consistency < 38IJ water for initial setting time < 8.38 x
388 x 8.8. < ... ml7.
f. The time from adding water to the dry cement until
starting to fill the 4icat mould should be within 3 to .
minutes.
g. "tart the stop watch as soon as you start adding water
and mixing the cement past. The mixing should be done
using a stainless steel trowel called gauging trowel
which is a(ailable with lab e'uipment dealers.
h. &ill the 4icat mould completely with the cement paste
made and smooth off the surface of the paste0 make it
le(el to the top of the mould.
i. Place the mould under the needle 51 mm s'uare7
together with non/porous resting plate and cement
paste.
3. 9ower the needle gently to touch the surface of the block
and release 'uickly. %ake sure that the dash pot works
properly.
k. !nitially the needle will pierce completely into the test
block. +epeat this procedure until the needle fails to
penetrate into the test block by . @ 8.. mm from the
bottom of the mould.
l. !nitial setting time : The time started from mixing of water
to the cement to the time when the needle fails to
penetrate the test block by . @ 8.. mm is described as
the initial setting time.
TEST PROCEDURES
VICAT APPARATUS
(Fin*% settin2 ti3e of e3ent!
1. Procedure as per !" >831 $ %ethod of physical tests for
hydraulic cement
a. ,fter determining the initial setting time replace the
needle of 4icat apparatus by the needle with annular
attachment.
b. 9ower the attachment gently to touch the surface of the
block and release. 2se the dash pot.
c. +epeat this procedure at regular inter(als until the time to
find the needle makes an impression on the surface of the
block and the circular impression is not seen.
d. &inal "etting time : The time elapsed from mixing of
water to the cement and the time till step c is the final
setting time of cement.
TEST PROCEDURES
VIBRATING MAC1INE
(Co34ressi5e stren2t6 of e3ent!
1. Procedure as per !" >831 $ %ethods of physical test for
hydraulic cement
a. Take 88 g of cement and 688 gms of standard sand
conforming to !" : 6.8 $ 1#66. The 688g of standard
sand will be made up o 88g each of grade !0 !i K !!! "and
purchased from T,%!D0 %anali0 *hennai.
b. %ix it dry with a trowel for one minute on a non/porous
mixing plate.
c. Take water L 5P;> @ 37I of combined weight of cement
and sand 5888g7 where P is the standard consistency of
cement paste.
d. %ix the dry mixture with the 'uantity of water specified
abo(e for 3 to > minutes.
e. Place the .8 cm 5 ?.8? x ?.8? x ?.8? cm7 mould on the
(ibration table and clamp it to hold it firmly in position.
,ttach a hopper of suitable size on the top of the mould to
facilitate filling.
f. !mmediately after mixing the mortar place it in the cube
mould and tamp it with the poking rod for 8 times in
about 8 seconds.
g. Place the remaining 'uanitity of mortar place it in the
cube mould and tamp it again as specified for the first
layer.
h. *ompact the mortar further by means of (ibration for two
minutes.
i. ,t the end of (ibration remo(e the mould from the
machine and finish the top surface of the cube with the
blade of a trowel.

3. Aeep the filled moulds preferably at a temperature of
? @
o
* and atleast #8 percent relati(e humidity for >
hours after completion of (ibration.
k. ,fter > hours remo(e the cubes from the moulds and
immediately submerge in clean water for curing.
l. Temperature of the curing water should be preferably
? @
o
*.
m. *ast twel(e such cubes so that we can find the
compressi(e strength for 3 cubes each at 1 day0 3 days0 ?
days and 8 days.
+eport a(erage of compressi(e strength of three cube
results to the nearest . kg;cm

.
TEST PROCEDURES
SC1MIDT CONCRETE TEST 1AMMER
#7 PURPOSE
!t is used for estimation of compressi(e strength of concrete
by rebound hammer method. 5,s per !" 13311 part $ / Don
destructi(e testing of concrete $ methods of test7
'7 PROCEDURE
a. &or testing0 smooth0 clean and dry surface preferably
bottom of the slab is to be selected.
b. !f loosely adhering scale is present0 this should be rubbed
of with grinding stone.
c. +elease the impact bolt by applying pressure to it.
d. Place test hammer perpendicular to the test surface.
e. Press housing against the test surface at moderate speed
until impact is triggered.
f. The rebound (alue is arrested and read by means of the
push/button.
g. -ach test point should be tested with at least 8 to 18
impacts.
h. %inimum distance between impact points 8 mm.
i. +ebound (alues0 which are abnormally high or low0 must
be eliminated.
3. ,fter using the hammer the impact bolt is to be arrested
by means of the push/button after the initiation of an
impact.
k. Plot the a(erage rebound (alue in the con(ersion cur(e to
determine the compressi(e strength of concrete.
l. The strength determined from the cur(e is to be corrected
by using correction factors 5as per manual of
manufacture7.
m. The test can be conducted horizontally on (ertical
surfaces like column or (ertically upward or downward on
horizontal surfaces like slabs and beams.
n. The correlation between compressi(e strength of
concrete cubes and its rebound number is to be
established for most satisfactory results.
TEST PROCEDURES
SIEVE ANALYSIS FOR FINE AGGREGATE
#7 P/r4ose :
The sie(es are used for the determination of particle size
distribution of fine aggregate by sie(ing. 5,s per !" 386 part 1 $
%ethods of test for aggregates for concrete7
'7 Si8es of sie5es :
"ie(es of the sizes 18mm0 >.?. mm0 .36 mm0 1.8mm0 6888 mic.0
388 mic.0 and 1.8 mic.
97 Proe&/re :
a. Take known weight of dry sample.
b. "ie(e the sample progressi(ely starting from the largest
sie(e i.e. 18 mm
c. )n completion of sie(ing weigh the material retained on
each sie(e.
d. *alculate the percentage of sand retained in each sie(e
and cumulati(e percentage retained on each sie(e.
e. *alculate cumulati(e percentage passing through each
sie(e.
f. *alculate the fineness modulus of sand by summing up
the cumulati(e percentage of sand retained on 18 mm0
>.?. mm0 1.18 mm0 688 mic.0 388 mic.0 and 1.8 mic.0
sie(es and di(iding the sum by 188.
g. &ind out which grading zone the sand conforms to by
checking with the table $ 1 gi(en below.

Table 1 : Mrading zones 5!.". 3837 1#?8
I7 S7 Sie5e
C/3/%*ti5e 4erent*2e 4*ssin2 IS sie5es for 2r*&in2 8one
(n*t/r*% s*n&!
Cr/s6e&
S*n&
I II III IV
18mm 188 188 188 188 188
>.?.mm #8/188 #8/188 #8/188 #8/188 #8/188
.36mm 68/#. ?./188 8./188 #./188 ?./188
1.18mm 38/?8 ../#8 ?./188 #8/188 ../188
688 micron 1./3> 3./.# 68/?# 88/188 3./?#
388 micron ./8 8/38 1/>8 1./.8 8/>8
1.8 micron 8/18 8/18 8/18 8/1. 8/8
?. micron 8/3 8/3 8/3 8/3 8/1.
TEST PROCEDURES
SIEVE ANALYSIS FOR COARSE AGGREGATE
1. P/r4ose :
The sie(es are used for the determination of particle size
distribution of coarse aggregate by sie(ing 5,s per !" 386
part ! $ %ethods of test for aggregates for concrete7
'7 Si8es of sie5es re:/ire& for no3in*% si8e o*rse *22re2*te
Halance and !.". sie(es $ sizes as following :
No3in*% si8e of *22re2*te Sie5e si8e (33!
>8 mm 88 mm0 63 mm0 >8 mm0 8 mm0
18 mm0 >.?. mm
8 mm >8 mm0 . mm0 8 mm0 18 mm0
>.?. mm
1.. mm 8 mm0 16 mm0 1.. mm0 18 mm0
>.?. mm0 688 mic.0 1.8 mic.
18 mm 1.. mm0 18 mm0 >.?. mm0 .36
mm0 688 mic.0 1.8 mic.
97 Procedure :
a. Take a known weight # kg7 of dry aggregate.
b. "ie(e the aggregate progressi(ely starting from the
largest sie(e.
c. Dote down the weight of the material retained in each
sie(e.
d. *alculate the percentage of aggregate retained in each
sie(e.
e. *alculate the cumulati(e percentage of aggregate
retained in each sie(e.
f. *alculate the cumulati(e percentage of aggregate
passing through each sie(e.
g. *heck the (alues of percentage passing with the limits
specified in !" 383 and record it.
Mrading re'uirement of coarse aggregate 5!" : 3837
. mm
8 mm
1.. mm
18 mm
>.?. mm
TEST PROCEDURES
SILT CONTENT OF FINE AGGREGATE
(BY VOLUME MET1OD!
#7 P/r4ose :
The .8 ml capacity glass/measuring cylinder is used for
determination of silt and clay content in sand on (olume
basis.
'7 Proe&/re :
a. &ill the glass/measuring cylinder with sample of sand
upto 188 ml mark.
b. ,dd clean water upto 1.8 ml and shake the contents
well.
c. ,llow contents to settle for 1. to 8 min.
d. *lay and silt will be seen as a separate layer o(er
sand.
e. %easure the total height of material 5,7.
f. %easure the height of sand layer 5H7.
g. &ind out height of silt and clay layer 5,/H7.
h. *alculate the percentage of silt and clay in the total
sand layer.
i. *alculation : "ilt K *lay I0 5,/H7 ;HN 188
SIEVE S1AKER
#7 P/r4ose $
"ie(e shaker is used for the process of sie(ing easier and
'uicker as per !" 386 part ! $ %ethods of test for
aggregates for concrete7
'7 Proe&/re $
a. 2nbolt the nuts of the sliding retaining plate0 raise it
to a suitable height and tighten the nuts.
b. "elect the re'uired group of sie(es for the sie(e
analysis.
c. )n the base of the sie(e holder mount the sie(es in
order of decreasing opening size from top to
bottom0 together with a recei(er fitted below the
bottom sie(e.
d. Aeep the material on the top sie(e.
e. Place the lid on the sie(e.
f. 2nbolt the nuts of the clamping plate0 slide it down
to pass the whole sie(e assembly and tighten the
nuts.
g. "tart the sie(e shaker by switching on the motor0
and continue the sie(ing operation for specified time
say 18 minutes.
h. ,t the end of sie(ing operation0 dismantle the sie(e
assembly and collect separately the material
retained on each sie(e and on the recei(er for
weighin
TEST PROCEDURES
AIR OVEN
#7 P/r4ose
,ir o(en is used to dry the material for finding out
moisture content present in aggregate. %oisture content
of aggregate is the percentage of weight of water in the
aggregate sample to the total dry weight of the aggregate
sample. The procedure is the same for both coarse and
fine aggregate.
. Procedure
a. Take the moist or wet sample weigh 5:17
b. =ry it in a hot air o(en for 18/1. min. at the
temperature of 188
o
*.
c. Take the sample out of air o(en and cool it.
d. Take the weight of dry sample 5:7.
3. *alculation
%oisture content of aggregate is calculated as follows :
%<5:
1
/:

7 ; :

x 188
:here
% < %oisture content of aggregate0 I
:1<weight of moist sample0 gm
:< weight of dry sample0 gm
TEST PROCEDURES
SPECIFIC GRAVITY TEST FOR AGGREGATE
#7 P/r4ose :
The pycnometer is used to determine the specific gra(ity of
aggregate as per !" 386 part !!! $ %ethods of test for aggregates
for concrete.
'7 Proe&/re
a. :eight an empty pycnometer 5:17
b. &ill up half of the pycnometer with dry aggregate sample
and weigh.
c. ,dd water to the sample0 fill the pycnometer with water0
roll it on a flat surface and then fill it completely with water
and weigh 5:37.
d. -mpty the contents of the pycnometer0 refill it with water
only and weigh. 5:>7.
e. *alculate the specific gra(ity using this formula.
"pecific Mra(ity < 5: $ :17 ; O5:>/:17/5:3/:7P
:here :1 < weight of empty pycnometer0 g.
: < weight of pycnometer and dry aggregate0 g.
:3 < weight of pycnometer with aggregate and water0 g
:> < weight of pycnometer filled with only water0 g
TEST PROCEDURES
CYLINDRICAL METAL MEASURE
(For Density of A22re2*te!
#7 P/r4ose $
The cylindrical metal measures are used for determining unit
weight or bulk density of aggregate7
'7 Procedure as per !" 386 part !!!/ %ethods of test for
aggregates for concrete
A7 Ro&&e& or Co34*te& Density
a. &ill the measure about 1;3
rd
height with thoroughly
mixed aggregate.
b. Tamp it with . strokes of the rounded end of
tamping rod.
c. ,gain fill the measure with approx. same 'uantity
K tamp it with . strokes.
d. )(erflow the measure with aggregate0 tamp it .
times K struck off surplus aggregate with tamping
rod.
e. =etermine the net weight of aggregate by knowing
empty weight of measure and calculate Hulk
density in Ag;cu.m.
B7 Loose Density
a. &ill the measure to o(erflow with aggregate by
discharging from height not more than . cm abo(e
the top of measure.
b. 9e(el the sample with a straight edge.
c. =etermine the net weight of aggregate by knowing
empty weight of measure and calculate Hulk
density in Ag;cu.m.
TEST PROCEDURES
LENGT1 GAUGE
#7 P/r4ose
The length gauge is used to determine the -longation index
of coarse aggregate 5,s per !" 386 part $ 1 $ %ethod of
test for aggregates for concrete!
'7 Proe&/re
a. Take enough 'uantity of dry blended sample so that
atleast 88 pieces of any fraction is present7
b. "ie(e the blended sample through all the sie(es
mentioned abo(e starting from the largest sie(e i.e. 63
mm7
c. "eparate all the indi(idual fractions $ 63 mm to .8 mm0
.8 mm to >8 mm0 >8 mm to . mm0 31.. mm to . mm0
. mm to 8 mm0 8 mm to 16 mm0 16 mm to 1.. mm0
1.. mm to 18 mm 18 mm to 6.3 mm.
d. Take all the fraction separately0 gauge them one by one
through the corresponding shot pro(ided in the gauge.
Aeep the particles retained by the length separately.
e. :eigh the particles retained on length gauge.
f. -longation index is the total weight of the material
retained on the (arious length gauges0 expressed as a
percentage of the total weight of the sample gauged.
97 C*%/%*tion
-longation index of aggregate in I is calculated as
follows$
-i < 5:
1
;:

7 x 188I
:here
:
1
< :eight of particles retained in length gauge0 g
:

< :eight of total sample taken for test0 g

TEST PROCEDURES
T1ICKNESS GAUGE
#7 P/r4ose $
Thickness gauge is used to find out flakiness index of coarse
aggregate. 5,s per !" 386 part 1 $ %ethods of test for
aggregates for concrete7.
'7 Proe&/re $
i. Take enough 'uantity of dry blended sample so that
atleast 88 pieces of any fraction is present. This is
not applicable for the biggest and smallest size.
ii. "ie(e the blended sample through all the sie(es
mentioned abo(e starting from the largest sie(e i.e.
63 mm.
iii. "eparate all the indi(idual fractions $ 63 mm to .8
mm0 .8 mm to >8 mm0 >8 mm to 31..mm0 31.. mm
to . mm0 . mm to 8 mm0 8 mm to 16 mm0 16
mm to 1.. mm0 1.. mm to 18 mm and 18 mm to
6.3 mm.
i(. Take all the fraction separately0 gauge them one by
one through the corresponding slot pro(ided in the
gauge. Aeep the particles passing through the slot
of the gauge and retained in gauge separately.
(. Dote the number of particles passing and not
passing through the corresponding slot in the gauge
for each fraction.
(i. *alculate for each fraction the following :
a. Percentage of number of particles passing the
slot to the total number of particles in fraction.
This is noted as Q.
b. Percentage of weight of particles in fraction taken
for testing to the total weight of particles in
fraction taken for the test 5total 'ty.7. This is
noted as R.
97 C*%/%*tion $
&lakiness !ndex < &i < Q 5Qi $ Ri7;188I
i<1 to n
:here
Qi < Percentage of number of particles passing the slot
to the total number of particles in that fraction0 I
Ri < Percentage of weight of particles in fraction to the
total weight of particles in all fraction0 I
IMPACT VALUE TEST FOR #- 33 AGGREGATE
#7 P/r4ose :
The impact test machine is used to determine the aggregate
impact (alue of coarse aggregate as per !" 386 Part !4 $ 1#63
$ %ethods of test for aggregates for concrete
'7 Proe&/re :
1. Take about 1888 g of dry sample passing through 1..
mm !" sie(e and retained on 18 mm !" sie(e.
. &ill the cylindrical metal measure with the dried sample.
The sample should be placed in three increments0 each
increment being rodded . times with the tamping rod.
3. "trike off the excess sample using the tamping rod as a
straight edge.
>. Take the weight of sample in the measure 5:17.
.. Dow drop the hammer in the testing machine 1. times on
the sample test in the cup. Ceight of the fall of the
hammer should be 388 mm. The inter(al between each
blow should be about one second.
6. +emo(e the sample from the cup and sie(e it on .36 mm
!" sie(e until no more sample passes through the sie(e.
?. &ind the weight of sample retained on .36 mm sie(e
5:7.
8. +epeat the test for another sample from the same lot and
calculate the a(erage of the two (alues.
#. *alculation :
,ggregate impact (alue0 I < 5:1 $ :7 :1 x 188
:here
:1 < weight of dry sample passing through 1.. mm !"
sie(e and retained on 18 mm !" sie(e0 g
: < weight of dry sample retained on .36 mm !"
sie(e0 g
18. +eport the aggregate impact (alue in percentage and as
the mean of two determinations rounded off to the nearest
whole number.
TEST PROCEDURES
SIEVES FOR COARSE AGGREGATE
Sie5e *n*%ysis of Co*rse A22re2*te
*oarse aggregate consists of material abo(e >.?.mm size. !t may be
crushed aggregate of natural gra(el of different sizes.
A44*r*t/s
Halance and !.". sie(es $ sizes as following :
No3in*% si8e of *22re2*te Sie5e si8e (33!
>8 mm 88 mm0 63 mm0 >8 mm0 8 mm0
18 mm0 >.?. mm
8 mm >8 mm0 . mm0 8 mm0 18 mm0
>.?. mm
1.. mm 8 mm0 16 mm0 1.. mm0 18 mm0
>.?. mm0 688 mic.0 1.8 mic.
18 mm 1.. mm0 18 mm0 >.?. mm0 .36
mm0 688 mic.0 1.8 mic.
Proe&/re $
a. Take a known weight 5 kg7 of dry aggregate reduced by
'uartering.
b. "ie(e the aggregate progressi(ely starting from the
largest sie(e.
c. Dote down the weight of material retained in each sie(e.
d. *alculate the percentage of aggregate retained in each
sie(e.
e. *alculate the cumulati(e percentage of aggregate
retained in each sie(e.
f. *alculate the cumulati(e percentage of aggregate
passing through each sie(e.
g. *heck the (alues of percentage passing with the limits
specified in !" 383 and enter the (alues.
h. !f the grading de(iates from limit specified0 it can be
corrected by blending it to coarser of finer size fractions
a(ailable to make it according to the limit specified in !"
383 5Mrades *oarse ,ggregate7.
TEST PROCEDURES
ELONGATION TEST
#7 E%on2*tion In&e.
-longation index of an aggregate is the percentage by weight of
particles whose greatest dimension 5length7 is greater than one
and four/fifth times their mean dimension.
!t is measured on particles passing through mesh size of 63
mm and retained on mesh size 6.3 mm.
'7 A44*r*t/s
Halance0 -longation gauge 59ength gauge7 and !" sie(es of the
following mesh sizes $ 63 mm0 .8 mm0 31.. mm0 . mm0 8
mm0 16 mm0 1.. mm 18 mm and 6.3 mm
97 Proe&/re
a. Take enough 'uantity of dry blended sample so that
atleast 88 pieces of any fraction is present. This is
not applicable for the biggest and smallest size.
b. "ie(e the blended sample through all the sie(es
mentioned abo(e starting from the largest sie(e i.e.
63 mm.
c. "eparate all the indi(idual fractions $ 63 mm to .8 mm0
.8 mm to >8 mm0 >8 mm to . mm0 31.. mm to .
mm0 . mm to 8 mm0 8 mm to 16 mm0 16 mm to
1.. mm0 1.. mm to 18 mm and 18 mm to 6.3 mm.
d. Take all the fraction separately0 gauge them one by
one through the corresponding slot pro(ided in the
gauge. Aeep the particles retained by the length
separately. The aim should be to retain as much as
possible to a(oid testing bias.
e. :eigh the particles retained on length gauge.
f. -longation index is the total weight of the material
retained on the (arious length gauges0 expressed as a
percentage of the total weight of the sample gauged.
C*%/%*tion
-longation index of aggregate in I is calculated as follows:
-i < 5:1;:7 x 188I
:here
:1 < weight of particles retained in length gauge0g
: < weight of total sample taken for test0 g
Re4ortin2
+eport the elongation index in percentage rounded off to the
nearest whole number.
TEST PROCEDURES
FLAKINESS TEST
1. F%*;iness In&e. :
&lakiness index of an aggregate is the percentage by weight of
particles in it whose least dimension 5thickness7 is less then three/
fifth of their mean dimension. !t is measured on particles passing
through mesh size of 63 mm and retained on mesh size 6.3 mm.
. A44*r*t/s :
Halance0 &lakiness gauge 5thickness gauge7 and M! sie(es of the
following mesh sizes $ 63 mm0 .8 mm0 >8 mm0 31.. mm0 . mm0
8 mm0 16 mm0 1.. mm0 18 mm and 6.3 mm.
3. Proe&/re :
a. Take enough 'uantity of dry blended sample so that
atleast 88 pieces of any fraction is present. This is
not applicable for the biggest and smallest size.
b. "ie(e the blended sample through all the sie(es
mentioned abo(e starting from the largest sie(e i.e.
63 mm.
c. "eparate all the indi(idual fractions $ 63 mm to .8 mm0
.8 mm to >8 mm0 >8 mm to 31.. mm0 31.. mm to .
mm0 . mm to 8 mm0 8 mm to 16 mm0 16 mm to
1.. mm0 1.. mm to 18 mm and 18 mm to 6.3 mm.
d. Take all the fraction separately0 gauge them one by
one through the corresponding slot pro(ided in the
gauge. Aeep the particles passing through the slot of
the gauge and retained in gauge separately. The aim
should be to pass as many as possible through the slot
to a(oid testing bias.
e. *alculate for each fraction the following :
a. Percentage of number of particles passing the slot
to the total number of particles in fraction. This is
noted as Q.
b. Percentage of weight of particles in fraction taken
for testing to the total weight of particles in all
fractions taken for the test 5total 'ty.7. This is
noted as R.
C*%/%*tion
&lakiness !ndex < &i < S 5Qi $ Ri7;188I
:here
Qi < Percentage of number of particles passing the slot to
the total number of particles in the fraction0 I.
Ri < Percentage of weight of particles in fraction to the
total weight of particles in all fraction0 I
Re4ortin2
+eport the flakiness index in percentage rounded off to the
nearest whole number.
TEST PROCEDURES
P-D-T+)%-T-+
1. !nitial setting time of concrete by penetration resistance
!nitial setting time of concrete is the time inter(al re'uired for the
mortar sie(ed from the concrete mixture to reach a penetration
resistance of 3.>3 D;mm

53. kgf;cm

7 after the initial contact of

cement and water.
. ,pparatus
*oncrete cube moulds of 1. cm x 1. cm size0 penetrometer
graduated from 8 kgf to 68 kgf in increments of kgf0 pipette0 tamping
rod of 16 mm in diameter and 688 mm length rounded at one end.
Procedure
a. "elect a representati(e sample of concrete of known
proportion.
b. )il the interior surface of the cube mould with mould
releasing oil to pre(ent adhesion of the concrete.
c. +emo(e all of the mortar from the sample by sie(ing it
through a >.?. mm !" sie(e into a mortar pan.
d. +emix the sample thoroughly and fill it in a 1. cm cube
mould in two layers0 lea(ing a space of 13 mm 51; inch7 at
top.
e. *ompact each layer with tamping rod by tamping each layer
. times. &or each test0 a set of three cube moulds should
be filled.
f. Aeep the moulds co(ered with a water $ impermeable co(er
and under shed for the duration of test.
g. Prior to making each penetration resistance test0 remo(e
bleeding water by using a pipette. &or easy remo(al of water0
tilt the mould by placing a 3 cm block under one of the edges
and allow water to collect at the shallow portion for
minutes.
h. ,fter remo(ing the bleed water0 insert the pocket
penetrometer (ertically into the mortar. Push the apparatus
gradually until the needle penetrates the mortar upto the
scribe mark0 in about 18 seconds. The force re'uired is
indicated by the white ring.
i. +ecord the force re'uired and the elapsed time after adding
water to the mix.
3. %ake penetration tests at hourly inter(als0 initial test being
made after 3 hours.
k. 9ea(e a space of 8 mm from pre(ious impressions in
subse'uent penetration tests.
l. Plot the penetration resistance against time. !nitial setting
time is read off against a penetration resistance
corresponding to 3. kgf;*m

.
+eporting :
,(erage (alue of elapsed time of three tests shall be reported as
initial setting time. +eport the type and proportion of cement0 fine
aggregate0 coarse aggregate and the water/cement ration with
ambient temperature during test period with the result.
TEST PROCEDURES
CASTING OF CONCRETE CUBE MOULDS
#7 MAKING AND CURING CONCRETE CUBES$
This method co(ers the procedure for making and curing of
concrete cubes as per !" : .16 $ 1#.#.
2. APPARATUS :
:heel barrow0 sampling scoop0 trowel0 cube moulds of 1. x
1. x 1. cm size and tamping bar 16 mm in diameter0 8.6 m
long and bulleted point at the lower end.
97 PROCEDURE $
a. &irstly decide the number of samples to be taken during
concreting.
b. )il the interior surface of the mould with mould releasing
oil to pre(ent adhesion of the concrete.
c. *ollect the sample in a wheelbarrow after mixing the
concrete properly in the transit mixer.
d. +emix the sample thoroughly in wheelbarrow with
sampling scoop.
e. ,fter remixing immediately fill the mould in layers
approximately . cm deep.
f. =uring filling the mould0 the scoop shall be mo(ed around
the top edge of the mould as the concrete slides from it0 in
order to ensure a symmetrical distribution of the concrete
within the mould.
g. -ach layer shall be compacted with the tamping rod by
minimum 3. strokes distributed in a uniform manner o(er
the cross/section of the mould.
h. ,fter compacting the top layer0 top surface of the concrete
shall be finished le(el with the top of the mould0 using a
trowel.
i. "tore the cube moulds in a place which !s free from
(ibration and co(er the surface of the concrete with a
piece of damp sacking for initial 16 to > hours.
TEST PROCEDURES
SLUMP TEST
#7 SLUMP TEST
This method of test specifies the procedure to be adopted0
either in the laboratory or in the field during work0 for
determining the workability of concrete where the nominal
maximum size of aggregate does not exceed 38 mm.

'7 APPARATUS
%etal slump cone of at least 1.6 mm thickness pro(ided with
suitable base plate and also handles for lifting it from the
moulded concrete test specimen (ertically. !nternal
dimension of the cone should ha(e the following sizes $
Hottom diameter 8 cm
Top diameter 18 cm
Ceight 38 cm
Tamping rod of 16 mm diameter0 8.6 m long and rounded at
one end.
97 PROCEDURE $
a. &irstly decide the fre'uency of slump (alue to be taken
during concreting.
b. )il the interior surface of the slump cone with mould
releasing oil to pre(ent adhesion of the concrete.
c. Place the slump cone on a le(eled surface.
d. *ollect the sample in a wheelbarrow after mixing the
concrete properly in the transit mixer.
e. +emix the sample thoroughly in wheel barrow with
sampling scoop.
f. ,fter remixing immediately fill the slump cone in layers
approximately one $ 'uarter of the height of the cone.
g. -ach layer shall be compacted with the tamping rod by .
strokes distributed in a uniform manner o(er the cross/
section of the cone and for the second and subse'uent
layers tamping rod shall penetrate into the underlying
layer.
h. ,fter compacting the top layer0 the concrete shall be
struck off le(el with the top of the slump cone0 using a
trowel. ,ny mortar0 which may ha(e leaked out between
the mould and the base plate0 shall be cleaned away.
i. 2nscrew the slump cone from the base plate and remo(e
it immediately from the concrete by raising it slowly and
carefully in a (ertical direction.
3. ,fter the concrete subsides place the slump cone on the
base plate in re(erse position and place a scale on it.
%easure the height between the top of the mould and the
highest point of the specimen being tested.
<7 REPORTING OF SLUMP VALUE $
The slump measured shall be reported in terms of millimeters of
subsidence of the specimen during the test. ,ny slump
specimen0 which collapses or shears off laterally0 shall be
repeated with another sample. !f0 in the repeat test also0 the
specimen shears0 the slump shall be measured and the fact
that the specimen sheared0 shall be reported. Take correcti(e
action to make the mix cohesi(e.
TEST PROCEDURES
DENSITY CYLINDER FOR AGGREGARE (Co*rse *n& Fine!
#7 B/%; &ensity of *22re2*te
This method of test co(ers the procedure for determining unit
weight or bulk density of aggregate
'. A44*r*t/s
Halance cylindrical metal measure with handle and tamping rod
of 16 mm dia. ,nd 68 cm long0 rounded at one end.
"izes of metal measures for different sizes of aggregate are
gi(en in table $ 1. , straight tamping rod of cylindrical c;s 16
mm in diameter0 68 cm long and rounded at one end.
Table 1 : "ize of container for Hulk density test
"ize of largest
particles
Dominal
*apacity
9itre
!nside
diameter
cm
!nside Ceight
cm
Thickness of
%etal
%in mm
>.?. mm and
under
3 1. 1? 3.1.
)(er >.?. mm
to >8 mm
1. . 38 >.88
)(er >8 mm 38 3. 31 ..88
97 Proe&/re
+odded or *ompacted weight $
a. &ill the measure about 1;3
rd
height with thoroughly mixed
aggregate.
b. Tamp it with . strokes of the rounded end of tamping
rod.
c. ,gain fill the measure with approx. same 'uantity K tamp
it with . strokes.
d. )(erflow the measure0 tamp it . times and struck off
surplus aggregate with tamping rod.
e. =etermine the net weight of aggregate and calculate Hulk
density in Ag;lit.
9oose =ensity $
a. &ill the measure to o(erflow with aggregate by
discharging from height not more than . cm abo(e the top
of measure.
b. 9e(el the sample with a straight edge.
c. =etermine the net weight of aggregate and calculate Hulk
density in Ag;lit.
TEST PROCEDURES
PYCNOMETER
1. "pecific gra(ity of aggregates
This method co(er the procedure for finding the specific gra(ity of
aggregate using glass pycnometer.
. ,pparatus
Pycnometer 5glass bottle with conical cap7 and balance.
3. Procedure
a. :eigh an empty pycnometer.
b. &ill up half of the pycnometer with dry aggregate sample and
weigh.
c. ,dd water to the sample0 fill the pycnometer with water0 roll it
on a flat surface and then fill it completely with water and
weigh.
d. -mpty the contents of the pycnometer0 refill it with water only
and weigh.
e. *alculate the specific gra(ity using this formula0
"p. Mra(ity < 5:/:17 O5:>/:17/5:3/:7P
:here
:1
:here :1 < weight of empty pycnometer0 g.
: < weight of pycnometer and dry aggregate0 g.
:3 < weight of pycnometer with aggregate and water0 g
:> < weight of pycnometer filled with only water0 g
TEST PROCEDURES
AIR OVEN
1. %oisture *ontent of ,ggregate
%oisture content of aggregate is the percentage of weight of
water in the aggregate sample to the total dry weight of the
aggregate sample. The procedure is the same for both coarse
and fine aggregate.
. ,pparatus
)ne hot plate or o(er0 tray and balance
3. Procedure
a. Take the weight of moist or wet sample
b. =ry it in a hot plate or o(en
c. Take the weight of dry sample
>. *alculation
%oisture content of aggregate is calculated as follows :
%<5:1 $ :7;: x 188
:here
% < %oisture content of aggregate0 I
:1 < :eight of moist sample0 g
: < :eight of dry sample0 g
TESTING MET1OD OF IMPACT TEST MAC1INE
(As 4er IS '9=> P*rt IV! ? #@>9
Purpose :
This method is used to determine the aggregate impact (alue of
coarse aggregate
Procedure :
a. Take about 1888 g of dry sample passing through 1.. mm !"
sie(e and retained on 18 mm sie(e.
b. &ill the cylindrical metal measure with the dried sample. The
sample should be placed in three increments0 each increment
being rodded . times with the tamping rod.
c. "trike off the excess sample using the tamping rod as a straight
edge.
d. Take the weight of sample in the measure 5:17
e. Dow drop the hammer in the testing machine 1. times on the
sample kept in the cup. Ceight of the fall of the hammer should
be 388 mm. The inter(al between each blow should be about
one second.
f. +emo(e the sample from the cup and sie(e it one .36 mm !"
sie(e until no more sample passes through the sie(e.
g. &ind the weight of the sample retained on .36 mm sie(e 5:7.
h. +epeat the test for another sample from the same lot and
calculate the a(erage of the two (alues.
i. *alculation :
,ggregate impact (alue0 I < 5:1/:7;:1 x 188
:here
:1 < weight of dry sample passing through 1..mm !" sie(e
and retained on 18 mm !" sie(e0 g
: < weight of dry sample retained on .36 mm !" sie(e0 g
3. +eport the aggregate impact (alue in percentage and as the
mean of two determinations rounded off to the nearest whole
number.
TEST PROCEDURES
Air O5en for A22re2*te (Co*rse *n& Fine!
1. %oisture content of ,ggregate
%oisture content of aggregate is the percentage of weight or water
in the aggregate sample to the total dry weight of the aggregate
sample. The procedure is the same for both coarse and fine
aggregate.
. ,pparatus
)ne hot plate or o(en tray and balance
3. Procedure
a. Take the weight of moist or wet sample
b. =ry it in a hot plate or o(en
c. Take the weight of dry sample
>. *alculation
%oisture content of aggregate is calculated as follows :
%<5:1/:7 ; : x 188
:here
% < %oisture content of aggregate0 I
:1 < :eight of moist sample0 g
: < :eight of dy sample0 g
TEST PROCEDURES
ELONGATION GAUGE COARSE AGGREGATE
#7 E%on2*tion In&e. $
-longation index of an aggregate is the percentage by weight of
particles whose greatest dimension 5length7 is greater than one
and four/fifth times their mean dimension. !t is measured on
particles passing through mesh size of 63 mm and retained on
mesh size 6.3 mm.
. ,pparatus :
Halance0 -longation gauge 59ength gauge7 and !" sie(es of the
following mesh sizes $ 63 mm0 .8 mm0 >8 mm0 31.. mm0 .
mm0 8 mm0 16 mm0 1.. mm0 18 mm and 6.3 mm.
3. Procedure :
a. Take enough 'uantity of dry blended sample so that
atleast 88 pieces of any fraction is present. This is not
applicable for the biggest and smallest size.
b. "ie(e the blended sample through all the sie(es
mentioned abo(e starting from the largest sie(e i.e.
63 mm.
c. "eparate all the indi(idual fractions $ 63 mm to .8 mm0
.8 mm to >8 mm0 >8 mm to . mm0 . mm to 8 mm0 8
mm to 16 mm0 16 mm to 1.. mm0 1.. mm to 18 mm
and 18 mm to 6.3 mm.
d. Take all the fraction separately0 gauge them one by one
through the corresponding slot pro(ided in the gauge.
Aeep the particles retained by the length separately. The
aim should be to retain as much as possible to a(oid
testing bias.
e. :eigh the particles retained on length gauge.
f. -longation index is the total weight of the material
retained on the (arious length gauges0 expressed as a
percentage of the total weight of the sample gauged.
>. *alculation :
-longation index of aggregate in I is calculated as follows :
-i < 5:1 ; :7 x 1880 I
:here
:1 < weight of particles retained in length gauge0 g
:< weight of total sample taken for test0 g
.. +eporting :
+eport the elongation index in percentage rounded off to the
nearest whole number.
TEST PROCEDURES
FLAKINESS GAUGE FOR COARSE AGGREGATE
1. &lakiness !ndex
&lakiness index of an aggregate is the percentage by weight of
particles in it whose least dimension 5thickness7 is less then
three/fifth of their mean dimension. !t is measure on particles
passing through mesh size of 63 mm and retained on mesh
size 6.3 mm.
. ,pparatus
Halance0 &lakiness gauge 5thickness gauge7 and M! sie(es of
the following mesh sizes $ 63 mm0 .8 mm0 >8 mm0 31.. mm0
. mm0 8 mm0 16 mm0 1.. mm0 18 mm and 6.3 mm.
3. Procedure
a. Take enough 'uantity of dry blended sample so that
atleast 88 pieces of any fraction is present. This is not
applicable for the biggest and smallest size.
b. "ie(e the blended sample through all the sie(es
mentioned abo(e starting from the largest sie(e i.e. 63
mm.
c. "eparate all the indi(idual fractions $ 63 mm to .8 mm0
.8 mm to >8 mm0 >8 mm to 31.. mm0 31.. mm to . mm0
. mm to 8 mm0 8 mm to 16 mm0 16 mm to 1.. mm0
1.. mm to 18 mm and 18 mm to 6.3 mm.
d. Take all the fraction separately0 gauge them one by one
through the corresponding slot pro(ided in the gauge.
Aeep the particles passing through the slot of the gauge
and retained in gauge separately. The aim should be to
pass as many as possible through the slot to a(oid testing
bias.
e. Dote the number of particles passing and not passing
through the corresponding slot in the gauge for each
fraction.
f. *alculate for each fraction the following :
1. Percentage of number of particle passing the slot to
the total number of particles in fraction. This is noted
as Q.
. Percentage of weight of particles in fraction taken for
testing to the total weight of particles in all fractions
taken for the test 5total 'ty.7. This is noted as R.
*alculation :
&lakiness !ndex < &i < Q 5Qi $ Ri7;188I
i<1 to n
:here
Qi < Percentage of number of particles passing the slot
to the total number of particles in that fraction0 I
Ri < Percentage of weight of particles in fraction to the
total weight of particles in all fraction0 I
+eporting :
+eport the flakiness index in percentage rounded off to the
nearest whole number.
TEST PROCEDURES
SIEVES FOR FINE AGGREGATE
#7 P/r4ose $
The sie(es are used for the determination of particle size
distribution of fine aggregate by sie(ing7
'7 Sie5e *n*%ysis of Fine A22re2*te $
&ine aggregate consists of material mostly between >.?. mm
and 1.8 micron. !t may be natural sand or crushed stone dust.
"and based on sie(e analysis is classified into four zones
conforming to zone/!0 zone/!!0 zone/!!! and zone/!4 as per !"/
383.
97 Si8es of sie5es $
"ie(es of the sizes 18 mm0 >.?. mm0 .36 mm0 1.18 mm0 688
mic.0 388 mic.0 and 1.8 mic. ,nd weighing balance.
<7 Proe&/re :
a. Take known weight of dry sample 5about 1 kg min.7
b. "ie(e the sample progressi(ely starting from the largest
sie(e i.e. 18 mm.
c. )n completion of sie(ing weigh the material retained on
each sie(e.
d. *alculate cumulati(e percentage of sand retained in each
sie(e and cumulati(e percentage retained on each sie(e.
e. *alculate cumulati(e percentage passing through each
size.
f. *alculate the fineness modulus of sand by summing up
the cumulati(e percentage of sand retained on 18 mm0
>.?. mm0 1.18mm0 688 mic.0 388 mic.0 and 1.8 mic.
"i(es and di(iding the sum by 188.
g. &ind out which grading zone the sand conforms to by
checking with the table $ 1 gi(en below :
Table 1 : Mrading zones 5!.". 3837 1#?8
I7 S7 Sie5e
C/3/%*ti5e 4erent*2e 4*ssin2 IS sie5es for 2r*&in2 8one
(n*t/r*% s*n&!
Cr/s6e&
S*n&
I II III IV
18mm 188 188 188 188 188
>.?.mm #8/188 #8/188 #8/188 #8/188 #8/188
.36mm 68/#. ?./188 8./188 #./188 ?./188
1.18mm 38/?8 ../#8 ?./188 #8/188 ../188
688 micron 1./3> 3./.# 68/?# 88/188 3./?#
388 micron ./8 8/38 1/>8 1./.8 8/>8
1.8 micron 8/18 8/18 8/18 8/1. 8/8
?. micron 8/3 8/3 8/3 8/3 8/1.