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Hoon Kim
Samsung Electronics
hoonkim@ieee.org
Outline
1. Introduction
2. Current Technologies
3. Emerging technologies
4. Conclusion
Frequencies for Broadband Radio
0.8 GHz Cellular, 2G systems
1.8 GHz 2G systems
2 GHz UMTS/3G systems
2.4 GHz Wireless LANs (IEEE 802.11b/g)
2.6 GHz S-DMB
3.4 GHz 4G systems (TBD)
5 GHz Wireless LANs (IEEE 802.11a)
18/19 GHz Indoor wireless LANs
28 GHz Fixed wireless access (LMDS)
38 GHz Fixed wireless access, Pico cellular
58 GHz Indoor wireless LANs
62-66 GHz Mobile
Optical Fiber-Based Wireless
Communication Systems
Advantages
9 Modulation format transparent
9 Compact and reliable
9 Centralized control of electronic circuitry
9 Able to transport long distance with high fidelity
Disadvantages BTS
2. Remote antenna
3. Capacity enhancement
fiber
Tunnel
FTTA (Fiber-To-The-Antenna)
Advantages
9 Low loss
9 Small size
9 Light weight
9 Immune to lightening strikes and electrical discharge
9 Future-proof: protocol and bit-rate transparent
MSC
BTS
T1/E
Macrocell 1
I
Up PA
DUC
Conv.
Q
BSC
Duplexer
T1/E1 Modem
/Diplexer
I
Down LNA
DDC
Conv.
Q
Small Cell
Increased concern
Battery consumption about the effects of
is always a critical electro-magnetic
issue wave on human body
Microcellular Systems
Microcell
(radius : ~ 300 m)
RBS
RBS
O/E
RBS RBS
E/O RBS
Remote
Base RBS
Station
conventional cell
(radius : 1- 2 km)
to exchange
System Configuration: Example
O/E
Diplexer
W
D
fiber M E/O
RBS
Major advantages
Format transparency
Small size
Light weight
High reliability
FoMiCell: Remote Base Station
Power
Supply
58 cm
E/O & O/E
Duplexer Processor
& Filter Frequency
High Power Converter
Amplifier
(15 Watt/3 FAs)
cm
37 cm
45
OFC/IOOC, paper PD13, 1999
Application Example
C LD
o LD
n LD
t LD
r LD
o PD
PD
l PD z
l PD z
e z
r
PD
LD
Data × BPF fi
combiner
×
zzz
zzz
LD PD Data
fN
Data × BPF
Two strong
carriers
Antenna Unit
RF IF
BTS LD PD
SMF/MMF UTP
Antenna Unit
RF
BTS LD PD
SMF Coax
MTSO WDM
Digital-RF Optical
Receivers Splitter
converter receiver
Optical Digital-RF
Receiver converter
WDM Duplexer
Optical RF-digital
Transmitter converter
Major merits
9 High performance
9 Use of mature digital transport technology
9 Compatible with multimode fiber infrastructure
Analog-to-Digital Converter
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Aperture jitter
3 Quantization 10
error
2 9
1 8
Signal-to-Noise Ratio
⎛ f ⎞
SNR = 6.02 B + 1.76 + 10 log10 ⎜⎜ s ⎟⎟ − 20 log10 ( N ) (dB )
⎝ 2 f max ⎠
≈ 6 B − 20 log10 ( N ) (dB )
⎛ 1 ⎞
SNR jitter = 20 log10 ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
⎝ 2πf max t a ⎠
Sych loss
An
al
og
tr
an
sp
o rt
Distance
Current Technologies: Digital over SMF/MMF
Central Hub
RF IF
BTS A/D LD PD D/A
SMF/MMF
Sync
Issues of Wireless Signal Transport
Systems Using Digital Transmission
Technology
Fiber
Head End
Fiber node
Major merits
9 Use of the existing HFC networks
Coaxial Cable Transmission
Characteristics Affecting Wireless
Access
1. Interference between existing wireline signals and
wireless signals
Laser
E
A
M
PD
BS BS BS
λ1
λ1 λ2
λ2 BS
n
λ
…
RN RN
3,
λ
λn
2,
λ
1,
BS
λ
Central Central
λ1, λ2, λ3, … λn
Office Office λ1 BS
λ2 BS
RN RN
λn
λn λn-1
BS
BS BS
Emerging Technologies: MMW over Fiber
9 Reduced cell coverage makes this technology attractive for this application.
9 Enormous bandwidth of optical fiber suitable for MMW signal transport.
9 Dispersion-induced signal fading – SSB transmission.
• CRL, Japan
Dispersion-Induced Signal Fading
f1
Dispersive medium
0 2 4 6 8
Fiber Length (km)
Single Side-Band (SSB) Modulation
Hilbert
Transform 90° shift
f1
MZ
CW modulator
λ
RF signal
(f1)
Optical
Filtering
RF signal
(f1)
f1
Intensity Optical
CW
modulator filter
λ
Conclusions
Merging of photonic and radio technologies
- Fiber-radio as a last mile solution.
- Centralized control of electronic equipment is the main
advantage of fiber-radio technology.
- Cost is the paramount issue for the wide deployment of this
technology.
Major Issues
- Cost-effective upstream transport.
- Opto-electronic interfaces.
- Integration of photonic and radio components.