PRIMARY SOURCES

Bengal Land Revenue Proceedings

Board of Trade (commercial) Proceedings

Board of Trade (commercial) Consultations Proceedings

Financial Proceedings, Board of Custom Salt and Opium

Proceedings of Government of Bengal, Revenue Department, Miscellaneous Revenue Branch

Proceedings of Government of Bengal, Revenue Department, Revenue and Agriculture

Proceedings of Government of Bengal, Revenue Department, Land Revenue Branch,

Proceedings of Home Department, Public Consultations

Patna Commissioners Records,

Proceedings of Public Work Department, Irrigation Branch

Selection from the records of the Government of Bengal, Papers Related to Soan Canals, Chiefly report on
Estimates, 1867 to 1886, Irrigation Branch


REPORTS, ACCOUNTS AND GAZETTEERS

A Road Map: Agra to Bengal, 1841,Vol.II ,Government of India Publication, n.d

A.Godley, East India (Bihar Cadastral Survey), London, 1893

Agricultural Statistics of India, Calcutta, 1898

Annual General Report of Commissioner of Patna, 1876-77

Ashely Eden, Zamindari Settlement of Bengal, I Pub.1879, rep., Delhi, 1995


Bengal Administrative Report, 1872-73, and 1876-77

British Parliamentary Papers: East India Companys Affairs, XIX, 1834-35, London 1835

C.A. Coupland, Final Report on the Survey and Settlement of the Government and Temporary Settled Estate and of
Certain Private Estates in the Patna district, 1901-1904, Calcutta, 1907

C.A.Colebrook, Remarks on the Husbandry and Internal Commerce of Bengal, Calcutta, 1841

C.J. Stevenson Moore, Report on the Material condition of small Agriculturists and Labourers in Gaya, Calcutta,
1899
D.P. Bhattacharya, Reports on the Population estimates of India, 1811-20, III (A), Eastern Region,

E.A. Gait, Census of India, Bengal,1901,Vol. VI, Calcutta, 1902

E.L. Tanner, Final Report on the District of Gaya (1911-1918), Patna, 1928

Francis Buchanan, An Account of District of Bihar and Patna in 1811-12, (rep.), New Delhi, 1982

F. J W. James, Final Report on the Survey and Settlement Operations in the District of Patna 1901-07, Patna,1912

Gaya Revenue Administration Report, 1889-1890, Patna Commissioners Record

G Watt, Dictionary of Economic Products of India, Vol. VI, pt.II, London, 1893,


George Foster, A Journey from Bengal to England, I, 1
st
pub. London, 1798, rep. ,New Delhi,1997

Henry Fnook, Daulat-i Hind (in Urdu),n.d.,( a manuscript preserved in Khuda Baksh Oriental Public Library), Patna

H.H Risley, Tribes and Castes in Bengal,1
st
pub.,London,1891,rep., Calcutta , 1981

.
Imperial Gazetteer of India, XI, .Delhi, n.d.

John AugustusVoelcker, Report on the Improvement of Indian Agriculture, London, 1893

John Beams, Memoirs of a Civilian, Delhi, 1984

John Cappers, three Presidencies of India-A History of the Rise and Progress of the British Indian Possession, 1
st

pub.,1853,rep.,N.Delhi,1997

J.H.Hooker,The Himalayan Journal, London, 1905

Henry Summer Maine, Village Community in the East and West, 1st Pub.,London,1913, rep.New Delhi, 1981



O. Malley, Census of India,1911, Vol.V, pt I, Calcutta, 1913


Index of the Prices and wages 1864-94,Calcutta,1895


Reginald Heber, Narrative of a Journey through the Upper Provinces of India, from Calcutta to Bombay, 1824-25,
II, London, 1828

Report of the Land Revenue Commission, Bengal, I, Alipore, 1940

Report on the Economic condition of people of Gaya, Cacutta, 1898

Section III and IV, Act X of 1859.
Section VI, Act X of 1859.
Section VIII, Act x of 1859

V. Valentia, Voyages and Travels,London,1807

W K. Firminger,ed.,Affairs of the East India Company,being the fifth Report from the Select Committee of the
House of Commons,1812, vol. III,Delhi,1984

W.Bolts, Considerations of Indian Affairs, London, 1872

W.W. Hunter, Statistical Account of Bengal, Gaya and Shahabad,XII, London, 1877

W.W. Hunter, Bengal M.S. Record, London, 1894






BOOKS
1.A Road Map: Agra to Bengal, 1841, Government of India Publication, Vol. II
2. Agricultural Statistics of India, Calcutta, 1898
3.A.K. Sinha, Transition in Textile Industry, Delhi, 1984
4.Anand Yang, Bazaar India, London, 1998
5.Arun Kumar, Rewriting the Language of Politics: Kisan in Bihar,N. Delhi ,2001
6. Arvind N. Das, Agrarian Unrest and Socio-Economic Change, 1900-1980, New Delhi, 1983, p. 22.
7. Ashely Eden, Zamindari Settlement of Bengal, I Pub.1879, rep., Delhi, 1995

8. Asiya Siddiqui, Agrarian Change in Northern Indian State, Oxford,1973,
9. Baden Powell, Land System of British India,1
st
pub.London,1892, rep. New Delhi, 1990
10. Barun De(ed)., Essays in Honour of Prof. Sushobham Sarkar, New Delhi,1974, pp.499-520.
11. B.B. Chaudhari, Growth of Commercial Agriculture in Bengal, Calcutta, 1964
12. Brij Narayan, Indian Economic Life, Past and Present,1
st
print,1929,(rep) N Delhi,1996
13. B.G. Sapre, Essentials of Indian Economics,1927
14. C. Daryll Forde, Habitat, Economy and Society, 1
st
pub.,London,1934,rep., 1971
15. C.E.A.W. Oldham (ed.), Journal of Francis Buchanan kept during the Survey of District of
Shahabad in 1812-13, Delhi,1982,
Chandra Prakash Sinha, Decline to Destruction,N. Delhi,1997
C.A. Bayley, Rulers, Townsmen and Bazaars, North Indian Society in the Age of British Expansion
1770-1870, Cambridge,1983, second impression, Delhi,2004
D.B. Naoroji, Poverty and Un-British rule in India.,N.Delhi ,1988
D.Thorner & A.Thorner, Land and Labour, Bombay, 1962

David Ludden, Agricultural Products in Indian History, Cambridge, 1999
Deitmar Rothurmund, Government, Land Lord and Peasant in india;Agrarian relations under British rule
1865-1947, Weisboden, 1972, p. 22.
Dharma Kumar with editorial assistance of Meghnad Desai, eds. CEHI,II, 1
st
edn. Cambridge, 1982,
rep., Delhi, 1984


Elphinston, History of India,Allahabad,1966
G.A. Grierson, Bihar Peasant Life,I st pub,. London, 1875, rep., New Delhi, 1975
G.A.Grierson, A Note on District of Gaya, Calcutta, 1893
G. Watt, Dictionary of Economic Products of India, Vol. VI, pt.II, London, 1893
Girish Mishra, Agrarian Problem of Permanent Settlement, New Delhi, 1978
Hamida Khatoon Naqvi,, Urban Centers and Industries in Upper India, Shimla,1972
Henry Summer Maine, Village Community in the East and West, 1st Pub.,London,1913, rep.New
Delhi, 1981,
H.H Risley, Tribes and Castes in Bengal,1
st
pub.,London,1891,rep., Calcutta , 1981,
H.R. Ghoshal, Economic Transition in Bengal, Calcutta, 1966
Houlton, Bihar, the Heart of India, Bombay, 1949
Irfan Habib, Indian Economy, 1858-1914, New Delhi, 2007
Irfan Habib, Agrarian System of Mughal India, Bombay, 1967
Irfan Habib, Caste in Indian History, Caste and Money in Indian History, Bombay, 1987,
reproduced in I. Habib, Essays in Indian History: Towards a Marxist Perception, New Delhi, 1995,
John Beams, Memoirs of a Civilian, Delhi, 1984
. K.K. Dutta, J.S. Jha, and Anantlal Thakur, (eds.),Comprehensive History of Bihar,III(I) Patna, 1976

K.K. Dutta, History of Bengal Subah,Calcutta,1964

K K Dutta ,Ducth in Bengal and Bihar,, Bombay, 1954

Karl Marx, Notes on Indian History,Moscow,1960

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engel, On Colonialism, Moscow, 1959,
K. Marx, Capital , I,Moscow,1954,
K.K. Sharma, Agrarian Movements and Congress Politics in Bihar, Delhi, 1989

K. Chatterjee, Merchants, Politics and Society in Early Modern India, Bihar, 1733-1833, Leiden, 1996

M.K. Chaudhuri,ed., General Editor N.R. Roy Trends in Socio-Economic Change, Shimla,1969
M. Mitra, Agrarian Social Structure, New Delhi, 1985
Manoranjan Mohanty(ed.),Class,Caste,Gender , N.Delhi, 2004

M.A. Laird, Narrative of a Journey, Cambridge, 1971
M.F. Billington, Women in India, London, 1894
M.S. Pandey, Historical Geography and Topography of Bihar, Delhi, 1963,
Michael Greenberg, British Trade and the Opening of China, Cambridge, 1951
M M. Martin, Eastern Empire, London, n.d,
M. Martin, Our Indian Empire, London, n.d,
N.K. Sinha, Economic History of Bengal, II, Calcutta,1962
N.K. Sinha, History of Bengal 1757-1905, Calcutta, 1967
P.C.Raychaudhary, Bihar District Gazetteer, Gaya, Patna, 1957
Peter Robb, (ed.), Rural India-Land Power and Society Under British Rule , New Delhi, 1986,

P.N. Bose, A History of Hindu Civilization during British Rule,(rep.),New Delhi, 1993
Ranchor Prasad, District Handbook,Patna, , Patna, 1954
R.R. Diwakar, Bihar Through the Ages, Patna, 1966
R.N. Sinha, Bihar Tenantry,Bombay,1986
Samita Sen, Women and Labour in Late Colonial India, Cambridge, 1999
S. Bhattarcharya, East India Company and the Economy of Bengal, 1704-- 1740, London, 1954,
S. Kathakali Bagchi, Irrigation in India, New Delhi, 1995,
Sugata Bose, Peasant, Labour and Colonial Capital, Cambridge\N.Delhi,1993
Sunil Sen, Peasant Movement in India, N.Delhi,1982
Surendra Gopal, Patna in Nineteenth Century, Calcutta, 1982
T. Kumar, History of Rice in India, Delhi, 1988
U.M. Jha, Irrigation and Agricultural Development, Delhi, 1964
Vera Anstay, The Economic Development of India, London, 1936
V.I. Pavlov, Historical Premises for Indias Transition to Capitalism, Moscow, 1979, p. 13.

V.K. Thakur and Ashok Ounshuman,(eds.), Peasants in Indian History, I, New Delhi, 1995, p. 5.

W.Bolts, Considerations of Indian Affairs, London, 1872
W. Willcock, Ancient System of Irrigation in Bengal,1
st
pub., Delhi, 1930,rep., 1984
W.W. Hunter,The Indian Empire,1
st
pub.,London,1885, rep.,N. Delhi,2005
W.W. Hunter, Bengal M.S. Record, London, 1894




ARTICLES

Alok Sheel, Long-term Demographic trends in South Bihar: Gaya and Shahabad districts, in The Indian Economic
and Social History Review, Vol. 29, no. 3, 1992, pp. 323-24

Alok Sheel, South Bihar Geography and Agricultural Cycle: Gaya and Shahabad in the Nineteenth Century,
IESHR,XXX(I),1993 pp. 85-114

A.K. Bagchi, De-industrialization of Gangetic Bihar 1809-1901, in, Barun De, (ed). , Essays in Honour of Prof.
Sushobham Sarkar ,New Delhi,1974, pp.499-520.


Anand Chakrawarti, Caste and Agrarian Class: A View from Bihar, in Manoranjan
Mohanty(ed.),Class,Caste,Gender , , N.Delhi, 2004, pp.47-88

B.B. Chaudhuri, Eastern India, in The Cambridge Economic History of India, 1757-1970, II (eds.) by D. Kumar and
Tapan Raychaudhuri, Cambridge, 1982, pp. 86-175

B.B. Chaudhuri, Movement of Rent in Eastern India1793-1930, IHR, III,( 2). 1973 pp.308-90

B.B. Choudhari, Process of Depeasantisation in Bengal and Bihar, 1885-1947,IHR, II(1) ,1972,pp-105-165
.
B.B. Chaudhari, Perspective on Bengal Agrarian Structure, IHR, IX (1-2),1979, pp. 200-07
.
B.K.Sinha., Economic Condition of Bihar, 1859-1930, in, Comprehensive History of Bihar,III,pt.I, pp.488-541

B.R. Grover, An Integrated Pattern of Commercial life in the Rural Society of North India during the 17
th
-18
th

centuries, PIHC, 1966, pp.121-53



Dr. Lees, Land and Labour in India, Calcutta Review, 45, 1867,

H.R. Ghoshal, Our Rural Society in a Changing Environment ,in Trends in Socio-Economic Change, ed. M.K.
Chaudhuri, General Editor N.R. Roy, Shimla,1969 p. 166

Hetukar Jha, Understanding Peasants and its low classness Delhi, 1995, p. 5., Peasants in Indian History, I, (eds.)
V.K. Thakur and Ashok Ounshuman, New

H.R.C. Wright, The Abolition by Cornwallis of forced Cultivation of Opium in Bihar, in The Economic History
Review, New Series, XII(1), 1959, pp. 112-119.



Irfan Habib, Caste in Indian History, Caste and Money in Indian History, Bombay, 1987, reproduced in I. Habib,
Essays in Indian History: Towards a Marxist Perception, New Delhi, 1995, pp. 161-189
.
Irfan Habib,Colonization of the Indian Economy, in Essays in Indian History

J.F. Richards, The Indian Empire and Peasant Production of Opium in India, in Modern Asian Studies, XV,pt.1,
1981, pp. 59-82.



Michelle McAlpin, Price Movements and Fluctuations in Economic Activity (1860-1947), in Dharma Kumar (ed.),
The Cambridge Economic History of India, vol. II, pp. 878-904



Nirmal Sen Gupta, The Indigenous Irrigation Organization in South Bihar, IESHR, vol. XVII, no. 12, 1984, pp.
157-87



Peter Robb, State, Peasant and Money-lender in late Nineteenth Century Bihar: Some Colonial Inputs, in Rural
India-Land Power and Society Under British Rule , ed. by Peter Robb, New Delhi, 1986,

Peter Robb, Pesant Choices? Indian Agriculture and the limits of Commercialization in Nineteenth Century Bihar,
in EHR, XLV, (1), 1992, pp. 97-119.

Peter Robb, Hierarchy and Resources: Peasant Stratification in late Nineteenth Century Bihar, MAS, 13(1), 1979, pp.
97-126.
Qeyamuddin Ahmad, A Mid-Nineteenth Century Case of Long term Lease not Sell of Human being,
Indian Historical Review, XV, no. 1-2, 1988, pp. 276-280.


Shyam Bihari Singh, Economic Condition, 1757-1858, in comprehensive History of Bihar, III(I) eds. K.K. Dutta,
J.S. Jha, and Anantlal Thakur, Patna, 1976,

Sumit Guha, Agrarian Bengal, 1850-1947: Issues and Problems, in Studies in History, XI(1), 1995, pp. 119-42.

Tapan Raychaudhuri, The mid -eighteenth century background, in CEHI,II, eds. Dharma Kumar with editorial
assistance of Meghnad Desai,1
st
edn. Cambridge, 1982, rep., Delhi, 1984, p. 17.