31 !1 " Vol.31 No.

1 # $ % &
2014 ' 1 ( Jan. 2014 ENGINEERING MECHANICS 160

)*+",2012-09-13-./+",2013-02-25
0123,45678&0123(50908123)-9:;&6<8=>?23(2010THZ0)
@ABC,D E(1974F)GHGIJKLMGN=OPGQRGSTUV#$=O(E-mail: junyang@tsinghua.edu.cn).
BCWX,YZ[(1986F)GHG\]^_MG`RaGSTbcde#B=O(E-mail: wangmingqiang666@sina.com).
!"#$%1000-4750(2014)01-0160-06
&'( )*+,-./01234
YZ[
1
GD E
1,2

(1. 9:;&fg#$hGij 100084-2. 9:;&fg#$klmnopqrstuvwGij 100084)
5 6%xyz{|}(HISS)~{|}!z"#$%&G'()*+,-~./&&0123456
7X8) HISS ~9:;<=>?@ABCDEF
1
d ~GH<IJ&K{|}LMGNO MATLAB K
"PQRSxtTUVWXvGYZ)/VW[$9\%]^G{|}_F-0` ABAQUS abc$def
ghijklGmhno)fpHISS ~qrOstu,$d5NOABAQUS vw67ijOs,$d
~x)Leighton Buzzard yf4 zq{Xv|}(~LXv!"q{#Xvq{#Xv$q{%&X
v)G'(>|)*\%-\_;h$pS_FmuvYZ+,K-G~>|+,muv+,./01Gv
2)HISS ~O`yfD3456ODG'(~O`x7x8]0k9W:Xv5HISS ~qr,$d
u;<ABAQUS x7qrfp=>D34ef)"z?@A;h5
789%xyz{|}~-ABAQUS-qrOstu,$d-q{Xv-x8]0
):;<$%TU431 !=>?@%A doi: 10.6052/j.issn.1000-4750.2012.09.0666
IMPLEMENTATION, VERIFICATION AND APPLICATION OF THREE
DIMENSIONAL HISS MODEL IN ABAQUS
WANG Ming-qiang
1
, YANG Jun
1,2

(1. Department of Civil Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Civil Engineering Safety and Durability of China Education Ministry, Beijing 100084, China)
Abstract: The yield surface of a hierarchical single surface (HISS) model is a single smooth function, which
overcomes the singularity of the so-called cap model. The HISS
1
d model with non-associated flow rule and
isotropic hardening was introduced, and the influence of main parameters on the yield surface was also
investigated. Tests on one Gauss Point were produced by MATLAB, and the stress path and yield surface were
measured during a loading process. Based on the further development platform provided by ABAQUS, the HISS
model was programmed into a three dimensional user-material subroutine (UMAT). Four kinds of triaxial tests
(HC, CTC, TC and TE) of Leighton Buzzard sand were simulated by ABAQUS with the developed model. The
stress-strain relationship and volumetric change obtained by ABAQUS were compared with experiments results.
The numerical predictions showed a good agreement with the observed behaviours in experiments, which proved
the applicability of a HISS model to sands. The model was used to simulate the plate loading test of a layered road
bed. The three dimensional implementation of an HISS model in ABAQUS provides the commercial FEM code
with a new optional constitutive law for the elasto-plastic problems in soil mechanics.
Key words: HISS model; ABAQUS; three dimensional UMAT; triaxial tests; layered road bed

f%&9BC{|~a Mohr-Coulomb $
Drucker-Prager ~GD7EFz~GHIJK
Kfp[LLMGMNO=>?@PQGEF
z~"Rja>D\_STUa0;>Dp
SVWG/Xv9'XaYZ*EzYZj[0
P\]pW;^G_`a<!i_b}G~L
# $ % & 161

VWcd0T{|5Drucker
[1]
eeGHfgIJf
pD3{|}\6!/ Mohr-Coulomb hijk
i_lV"P*+,-5NOEP*+,-m
?j[e)no~G}pqr~$ Sandler ~
5Es*+,-~tGHIJfp/uKv
wVxy\%z{pSVW;^|GIJ/Q
KvwVxy\%z{pS#};^GM!
*+,-~{|}~!aFPCoP}!"
G/Es}#kl?k$B0%"G0G%
"&>>D=>$BGS_0G%"'e>D
\_j[$BG/&&>|(0H12G)I*+
l,5Desai
[2F3]
ee)"zxyz{|}(HISS)~
GtGIJxW-GIJx#G_`{|}!z
"#$G{|}(At?k$B~!%"G
n1'()*+,-~./&&012345
ABAQUS
[4]
!"./G[;0`abc$?
#$~x0wG1P2'(S3KWzkDx
7*4567D:kD~x8Az34519e
f);:Os,$dw_B<ghijkl5H
9Os6e;tu,$d UMAT S!ef<Os
e;6=tu>Dghijw_5UMAT <
I?@!NO ABAQUS <$dAB\_C:D
?\%C:$EF_:G'<etuGH-IJ
fABAQUS K'NO5L5E8
[5]
/ABAQUS 9
u;) HISS ~grOs,$dO2x7k}
345Mco8
[6]
@ij)6O`+Ax7z{
NO@A~5@7POghijmhu; HISS
~/ ABAQUS 9qr,$dG@[~xIz
\%]^0Cq{uvG(~x+,muvYZ
+,K-Gv2$dg'D5
1 ;ABCDE(HISS)&'
Desai ee)"hQz{|}~R45fp
tu%&U<GEs~PSTtuABCD
UDABCDUD[F;<:;<=>?
@G\_0F5VO;<=>W@"XT0;&>
tu>D\_j[G@7YSTVO:;<=>
?@ABCDEF
1
~5Desai
[7F8]
ee
HISS ~{|%&<,
2
0.5 2 1 1
2
a a a
(1 )
n
r
J I I
F S
P P P
a g b
-


= - - + -



(1)
Z9,
2
/ 2
ij ji
J s s = -
1 ii
I s = -S
r
<\%-G
r
S =
1.5
3 2
3 3 / 2 J J
-
G
3
/ 3
ij jk ki
J s s s = -
a
101kPa P = <[
W;\-!" <4bJ&-n <3_J&-# <
EFJ&G<)D1U~x-}VW]^GDesai
VOpVEFJ&,
1 1
2 2
1 exp
D
D
a
a
x
a h x
h x

- = -

+

(2)
Z9,a
1
a
2
$
1
$
2
<EF!&-a]>D\_
1/ 2
(d d )
p p
ij ij
x e e =

-^_x:
1/ 2
(d d )
p p
D ij ij
e e x =

-
pSx:
1/ 2
(d d / 3)
p p
kk ii
x e e =

5
ST:;<ABCDEFG{|`%&Q <,
2
0.5 2 1 1
2
a a a
(1 )
n
Q r
J I I
Q S
P P P
a g b
-


= - - + -


(3)
Z9,
0
( )(1 )
Q V
r a a k a a = + - - G
0
a <a /ab
KVacGk <:;<J&G /
V V
r x x = 5
NOMATLAB=Ox7)HISS~9IP<
IJ&#"! $n K{|}LM5defPJ
&LMgGYa6J&c/_FGHhJ&~
iY0_GJ&jckl15
F1 Leighton Buzzard GHIJKL
Table 1 Material constants for Leighton Buzzard sand
E/ kPa % ! " n a
1
a
2
$
1
$
2
'
79238 0.29 0.102 0.362 2.5 0.1346 0.0047 450 1.02 0.29
EFJ& # <Imn{|};}
[9]
Go #=0
g{|}p*4bEFG"<"Pi_b}G/
p-q k}q<FvrkGs1 9YtuH9"v5
0 200 400 600 800 1000
0
50
100
150
200
250
q

/

k
P
a
p / kPa




0.035 a =
0.030 a =
0.025 a =
0.020 a =
0 a =

s1 /p-q k}q# K{|}LM
Fig.1 Influences of parameter # on F in p-q space
4bJ& " <ILM{|}/^k}(
vEGks2 wu5
0.27 b =
0.50 b =
0.36 b =
0 b =
1
s
3
s
2
s
O
40
80
200kPa p =

s2 /^k}q" K{|}LM
Fig.2 Influences of parameter " on F in octahedral space
162 # $ % &

4bJ&! <ILM4b{|}xyG3_
J&n <ILMxWmx#z{t|}GFC|
~GLM{|};}Gks3 wu5
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
q
/

k
P
a
p / kPa
2.5, 0.102 n g = = 3.0, 0.102 n g = =
4.0, 0.102 n g = = 2.5, 0.08 n g = =
2.5, 0.05 n g = =

s3 /p-q k}q! $n K{|}LM
Fig.3 Influences of parameter ! and n on F in p-q space
2 MNOPQ7R
~\_C:<=D\_C:m>D\_C:
$,
d d d
e p
ij ij ij
e e e = + (4)
=D\%C:m\_C:;h!He"
'e,
d d
e e
ij ijkl kl
s e = C (5)
g#=>?@,
d
p
ij
ij
Q
e l
s

(6)
"#Dvw,
d d d d 0
ij D
ij D
F F F
F s x x
s x x

= + + =

(7)
(Z(4)~Z(7)<$K'P),
d
e
ijkl ijkl
ij
e
pqrs Q QD
pq rs D
F
F Q F F
e
s
l
g g
s s x x

=

- -

C
C
(8)
Z9,
1/ 2
1/ 2
;
Q QD
ij ij ij ij
D D
Q Q Q Q
g g
s s s s

= =






)*=>D@A;h,
d d
ep
ij ijkl kl
s e = C (9)
Z9,
e e
ijmn uvkl
ep e mn uv
ijkl ijkl
e
pqrs Q QD
pq rs D
Q F
F Q F F
s s
g g
s s x x


= -

- -

C C
C C
C

3 HISS &'+,ST-.
HISS ~/ABAQUS 9u;=$ks45
1) >|=DIJ
e
C -
2) NO ABAQUS AB\_C:d
i
e $=D
IJ>|X|\%d d
e
i i
s e = C -NOZ(2)>|EF
J&#-
3) NO?\%EF%&V'WG( F)0G
@<=DVW=D'WG**4)-(F >0G@<
=>DVWG**5)-
4) EFJ&0_G=>DIJ
ep e
= C C G\%
<
1
d
i i i
s s s
-
= + G**+,9)-
5) p, F >0G%&@hC:ibgl`=D
-.9!l`{|-.5p,l/=D-.*
/6)Gp,l`>DEF*/7)-
6) @hC:ib0tul`=DEFG`/@
hC:[$9{|G)I1e{|\%G'I|e
@+\_C:9=DrxG(2=Drx2v
\_34VR5ab{|\%)I@[n h56G
)*
1
1 1
d
n n
i i n i
s s d s
-
- -
= + GH9,

s4 ~|?=$s
Fig.4 Flow diagram of the algorithm
# $ % & 163

1 1
1 1
T
( , )
{d }
n n
i i
n
i
F
F
s a
d
s
s
- -
- -
= -

(10)
7
0
1 1 i i
s s
- -
= Gp,
1 6
1 1
( , ) 10
n n
i i
F s a
- -
- -
) G@8<5
6)9G:;56GK)@+92=Drxv
\_,
1
d d ( )[ ] d
e
i i n i
n
e e d s
-
= -

C (11)
x<()9=\%
1
n
i
s
-
$d
i
e >}"?ZVW
ab\%EF
1 i
s
-
$\_C:d
i
e G*/7)-
7) \%C:
1 1
d
ep
i i i i
s s e
- -
= + C G>|a]>D
\_C:
1
d
i i
x x x
-
= + G
( 1)
d
Di D i D
x x x
-
= + G
Vi
x =
( 1)
d
V i V
x x
-
+ G>|
i
a G%&
6
( , ) 10 ?
i i
F s a
-
) p,
!G>|
ep
i
C G*/9)-@@*/8)-
8) A\%.g
[10]
G'e
i
s $
ep
i
C G*/9)-
9) NOEF_:i.\%\_EFJ&G
Hh>|)I:G@hC:++B5
4 UVWXYS)CDE*Z[
NO MATLAB no"PC$$dGK"P
QRSxtx<TUDb#$q{#Xv
~xG/VW[$9YE\%]^j[${|}
_F5
VW0<QRSxt>}abKGDb#
$q{#abKx<<89.6kPa $200kPaG
YZVW[$\%]^${|}_FFGk
s5~s65
s6~s7 9AB Ft!x<K\GP2
H*A t0\%EFXap*ab{|}G\%
\_;hl;<k=DGA t2=TB=>DVW
-.Ge;)=>D\%-\_;hGv2)/VW
[$9bIJK"#Dvw5
0 200 400 600 800
0
50
100
150
200
250
\%]^
VW+B={|}
VW[$9{|}
ab{|}
q
/
k
P
a
p/kPa




s5 Db#[$9\%]^${|}
Fig.5 Stress path and yield surface during confined
compression
0 200 400 600 800 1000
0
50
100
150
200
250
q

/

k
P
a
p / kPa
VW+B={|}
VW[$9{|}
ab{|}
\%]^
A
B

s6 q{#[$9\%]^${|}
Fig.6 Stress path and yield surface during triaxial
compression
0.000 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
A
q

/

k
P
a
B
1
e {B\_

s7 q{#\%\_k
Fig.7 Stress-strain relationship of triaxial compression
5 +\]0*ST01
5.1 ^_+\]0*3`ab
q{XvP21LIJXMN%_vr*
hil[$GtPB[LXvG|PB\%-\_
;hXvG1P2~x0C#GGTU"s0C\
%]^XvGOz!Oq{Xv\%]^k
s 8GjP~LXv(HC)!"q{#Xv
(CTC)q{#Xv(TC)$q{%&Xv(TE)5

s8 Ozq{Xv\%]^
[11]

Fig.8 Stress path of several triaxial tests
5.2 IJKLc]0defg
NO ABAQUS vwOs,$dK 4 zq{X
vTUfzc~xGabc~VOC3D8 zc5
'(>|+,m Hashmi wAXv+,TUK-5
q
TC
TE
CTC
HC
3
1
O
p
164
Hashmi
[12]
Leighton Buzzard
1
9 10
- ABAQUS
Hashmi

1112ABAQUS
-

13
14ABAQUS
-
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005
p
/

k
P
a
Hashmi
Abaqus
1


9 -
Fig.9 Comparison of stress-strain relationship of HC test
v

10
Fig.10 Comparison of volumetric response of HC test
0
( 34.5kPa)
0
( 34.5kPa)
0
( 89.6kPa)
1

o
c
t
/
k
P
a

0
( 89.6kPa)

11 -
Fig.11 Comparison of stress-strain relationship of CTC test
v

0
( 34.5kPa)
0
( 34.5kPa)
0
( 89.6kPa)
0
( 89.6kPa)

12
Fig.12 Comparison of volumetric response of CTC test
0
( 89.6kPa)
0
( 89.6kPa)
0
( 137.8kPa)
0
( 137.8kPa)
o
c
t
/
k
P
a

13 -
Fig.13 Comparison of stress-strain relationship of TC test
1

o
c
t
/
k
P
a

0
( 137.8kPa)
0
( 137.8kPa)
0
( 89.6kPa)
0
( 89.6kPa)

14 -
Fig.14 Comparison of stress-strain relationship of TE test
HISS

6
Praveen Aggarwal
[13]
Yamuna

700mm
700mm600mm 100mm
15
# $ % & 165

Yamunay
L+UM
700
5
0
0
1
0
0

s15 x8]0W:Xv~s
Fig.15 Model of the plate loading test of layered road bed
Praveen Aggarwal @[fzcuv[e)Fz
tu!&cGkl25
F2 Yamuna G2ndop*IJKL
Table 2 Material constants for Yamuna sand and WBM
tu!& Yamuna y L+UM
K
c
133.3 197.7
% 0.25 0.32 =D!&
N( 0.986 0.922
! 0.06 0.0907
4bJ&
" 0.739 0.740
3_J& n 2.9 2.9
a
1
0.03 0.02
$
1
550.0 500.0
a
2
0.004 0.001
EFJ&
$
2
1.08 0.67
:;<a, ' 0.236 0.15
@h~xST)fp=D~:\]KC
V__;;^GVO Janbu
[14]
ee=D~:m
K^/$?G_ab=D~:!abK
%&,
3
a
a
N
c
E K P
P
s


=


(12)
Z9,E <=D~:-K
c
<~:a,-
3
s <K-
a
P =101kPa <[W;\-H`~tu!&k
l25
b{vw<aB~AD}$b}?B|
c5aVWXY93K`fpdLn;GPoBd
D0eG@7VOmn|c$?R~xVW9V
WGCM/VW0)IK~TUU\%kfGF
ztugL< 2.3g/cm
3
5Babc>|G(VW
99hl:W|ckmPraveen Aggarwal /X
v9YZ*+,TUK-Gks165P2H*G
@7>|+,muv+,./01Ga+[u)$
d/ui349PODGCg|PH*/jao
ztu>D349GQO HISS "z~SP2
45oztu>DGP2klQjoz~R4
50Ctu>DmRJ&jc$&c>|]
nD5
-0.06
-0.05
-0.04
-0.03
-0.02
-0.01
0
0 100 200 300 400 500
o
B
|
c
/
m
:W/ kPa
Praveen Aggarwal uvc
@7>|c

s16 VW99hl:W|ck
Fig.16 Load displacement curve of the center of the load plate
7 dq
67X8)xyz{|}~GH<IJ&
KH{|}LMG'PO ABAQUS efOs
tu,$dghijklGnn) HISS ~
ABAQUS qr,$dG'KIz0C\%]^q
{XvTU&c~xG@[>|+,mXvuZ+
,K-PQ
1
~KyfD3456OD5@7
9(,$dO`~xx8]0k9W:XvGa
+[u),$d/ui349POD$H45
oztu>D34WpD5
67ijqr,$d/O ABAQUS ~xq
{#$%&XvgKGn1U|)tu[LcG
M90G>|\_j[)n;FGGqrDas
eQ5
rs!=%
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