0TA - LAB0RAT0RY REP0RT - CBEN S181S182

Vapor Pressure of a Pure Liquid

NANE: Biew Benueison

PARTNER: Foiiest Benefiel

BATE: 1S
th
Septembei, 2u14

TA: Nunuve Nwania


2

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The Puipose of this expeiiment is to ueteimine the vapoi piessuie of watei
at uiffeient tempeiatuies, anu using this uata calculate the molai volume enthalpy
(Bm,v) of watei at the appiopiiate tempeiatuie. The vapoi piessuie of a liquiu is the
piessuie exeiteu by the vapoi of a substance against it's conuenseu foim at a ceitain
tempeiatuie. The Clapeyion equation states:
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--- (1)
Since at equilibiium the system is isotheimal, anu theie is no change in uibbs
eneigy, !! ! !!!, theiefoie:
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---(2)
This can be iewiitten as:
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--(S)
Wheie Z is uefineu as the Compiessibility factoi:
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--(4)
0sing Equation 4, the molai
volume enthalpy can be
calculateu using a given
compiessibility factoi, anu
expeiimental ueteimination
of the change of piessuie
with iespect to tempeiatuie.
vapoi piessuie can be
measuieu with iespect to
tempeiatuie by vaiious
methous; the one that will be
applieu in this iepoit is the
boiling-point methou. This
uynamic methou makes use
of the vaiiation of the boiling
point with the change of
piessuie. Figuie 1 shows a
geneial schematic of a boiling
point appaiatus.
1
This expeiiment will make mouifications to the schematic, insteau
of the ballast bulb; a laige glass containei will be useu as a substitution. This is to
ensuie safety uuiing the couise of the expeiiment.


S

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This expeiiment consisteu of the use of a vacuum to change the piessuie in
the iounu bottom flask that containeu the watei; the piessuie in this expeiiment
was measuieu thiough the
use of a meicuiy manometei.
This expeiiment useu five
uiffeient piessuie
measuiements, fiom Su
mmBg uown to 6mmBg. This
was uone twice, one
changing the piessuie in a
uecieasing mannei, anu one changing the piessuie in an incieasing mannei.
The piessuie was set at the intenueu piessuie using atmospheiic piessuie
anu a vacuum. At each piessuie the tempeiatuie was iaiseu until the watei
containeu in the iounu bottom flask was boiling using an electiic heating mantle.
When boiling, the tempeiatuie was taken, along with the new piessuie at that
tempeiatuie (table 1). The piessuies weie conveiteu into toii befoie giaphing. This
was uone a total of ten times at five uiffeient piessuies. The natuial log of the
piessuie was giapheu against the inveise of tempeiatuie in oiuei to get figuie 2
anu S.
4

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In oiuei to ueteimine whethei to use a lineai oi a polynomial giaph foi the uata
points foi the ascenuing anu uescenuing values a least squaies analysis was uone
foi the uata points, this was uone using the excel linest function. The iesults of this
analysis aie shown in table 2. Bue to these iesults, the uescenuing uata was tieateu
as a polynomial, while the ascenuing uata was tieateu lineaily.
The equations shown in figuies 2 anu S weie useu to calculate
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, these
values weie pluggeu into equation S in oiuei to get
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foi the ascenuing anu
uescenuing values.
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0sing a liteiatuie compiessibility value (Z) foi watei at S24 k, anu the gas constant,
the molai volume enthalpy !!
!!!
was calculateu
1
:

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Ascenuing !!!!!!"
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29.2
Bescenuing !!!"!!"
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Table S shows the tabulateu uata fiom these calculations.
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An enthalpy of vapoiization value of 4u.6S7 k}mol was obtaineu fiom the
liteiatuie foi the following calculations.
2

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S

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Relative Peicent Eiioi (%)
Ascenuing !!
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S9.2
Bescenuing !!
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4.2S

The most piobable souices of eiioi in the ascenuing calculations most piobably
iesiue in the eiioi in the lineaiity of the ln(P) vs. (1T) plot . The R-squaieu value
calculateu was u.91, this says that theie weie some values offset fiom the line, as
can be seen fiom figuie S. This coulu likely be coiiecteu with moie expeiimental
uata points.
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(1) uailanu, C.W.; Niblei, }.W.; Shoemakei, B.P., 9:;%1-2%+/, -+ <03,-4"$
)0%2-,/13= !"#$%&'()**: NY, 2uu9, P. 198-2u6
(2) ue,X.; Wang, X. )"$4>$"/-*+, *? @1%%A-+B <*-+/ 5%;1%,,-*+= C*-$-+B <*-+/
9$%8"/-*+= D";*1 <1%,,>1% "+. 9+/0"$;-%, *? D";*1-A"/-*+ *? 9$%4/1*$3/%
E*$>/-*+, #3 " F*.-?-%. !01%%G)0"1"4/%1-,/-4 <"1"2%/%1 )*11%$"/-*+
F*.%$H + -.*/0).1 2345, 2uu9. S8, P.1u97-1117