Accident Avoidance

SFB 24202
AUTOMOTIVE SAFETY AUTOMOTIVE SAFETY

CHAPTER 3:
ACCIDENT AVOIDANCE
Semester July2012_mnorzaimi 1
SFB 24202
ACCIDENT AVOIDANCE: ACCIDENT AVOIDANCE:
1.HUMAN FACTOR
2.COMFORT AND ERGONOMIC
3.ACCELERATION AND BRAKING
SFB 24202
1.HUMAN FACTOR
SFB 24202
3.1 HUMAN FACTOR
Humans as traffic participants play a major role with
respect to failure that might lead to an accident respect to failure that might lead to an accident.
SFB 24202
SFB 24202
SFB 24202
SFB 24202
SFB 24202
SFB 24202
SFB 24202
The causes of accidents for all type of vehicle
SFB 24202
Driver failure as a function as a BLOOD ALCHOHOL CONTENTS (BAC)
BAC level (%)
BAC level (%)
SFB 24202
Driving error, F = Exceeding driving lane (sum over total time) %
driving time
Examples:
BAC level test has been conduct for the group of drivers. Response from
the correspondences the categories BAC level can be divided into five the correspondences, the categories BAC level can be divided into five
group which is 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0.
One driver has been selected for each category for the driving error test
within 3 hours. The result as per shows in figure 1. within 3 hours. The result as per shows in figure 1.
a) Calculate the driving error for each
t category
b) Plot the graph base on the result
c) Conclude your result
SFB 24202
Solution:
a) Calculate the driving error for each category
SFB 24202
b) Plot the graph base on the result:
SFB 24202
c) Conclude your result:
a) The percentage of the high risk zone is (2/5) = 40%. Based on the
sampling analysis there is 40% of the driver have high BAC during
1.00am into 3.00am
b) Based on the result, there are two (2) groups where is exceed 15%
failure which is BAC for 0.8 and 1.0. According to the law and
regulation this group are not allowed to drive because have high
chances to accident
SFB 24202
1.HUMAN FACTOR
SFB 24202
ERGONOMIC Interaction between human workstation ERGONOMIC Interaction between human , workstation
and environment to achieve the comfortable,
quality and safety.
Cover area:
3.2.1 The seat
3.2.2 Noise
3.2.3 Drivers Field of View
3.2.3 Other influence on Driver Comfort
SFB 24202
3.2.1 THE SEAT
Anthropometric analysis:
i. 5
th
percentile
ii. 50
th
percentile
iii 95
th
percentile iii. 95 percentile
SFB 24202
SFB 24202
Bad Design
Good Design
SFB 24202
SFB 24202
SFB 24202
SFB 24202
SFB 24202
3.2.2 NOISE
What is difference between noise and sound?
Sound: Hear what we wanted to hear
Noise : Sound pollution which will effects human behavior
The important items need to improve to achieve comfort zone during drive The important items need to improve to achieve comfort zone during drive
Measure in dB(A)
Example: with high rpm, the level of engine noise will increase.
New technology, insulator to absorb noise for engine has
been installed
SFB 24202
SFB 24202
SFB 24202
3.2.3 DRIVERS FIELD VIEW
Interior light g
Head up Display (HUD)
Windshield Windshield
Outside mirror
Headlamp
SFB 24202
Interior light
SFB 24202
Interior light
SFB 24202
SFB 24202
SFB 24202
SFB 24202
SFB 24202
SFB 24202
Windshield
SFB 24202
Windshield
SFB 24202
Outside mirror
SFB 24202
Outside mirror
SFB 24202
Outside mirror
SFB 24202
Outside mirror
SFB 24202
Outside mirror
SFB 24202
Headlamp
SFB 24202
Headlamp
SFB 24202
3.2.4 OTHERS INFLUENCE
MINOR ITEMS:
1. POWER WINDOWS
2. POWER STEERING
3 REVERSE SENSORS 3. REVERSE SENSORS
4. AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM
SFB 24202
1.HUMAN FACTOR
SFB 24202
ACCELARATION:
Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity as a function of time Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity as a function of time
The basic operation of the acceleration system is as follows:
1. The pump piston or diaphragm is pushed down in the pump chamber, as
the throttle plate is opened, forcing fuel through the outlet passage.
2. At the same moment, the pump check ball will seat, keeping fuel from
being pumped back into the float bowl.
3 The pump check weight will be forced off its seat allowing fuel to pass to 3. The pump check weight will be forced off its seat, allowing fuel to pass to
the pump discharge nozzle, and then discharged into the carburetor.
4. The pump piston or diaphragm is raised in the pumping chamber when the
throttle plate is closed, causing the pump check weight to seat blocking the
outlet passageway.
5. At the same time, the pump check ball is pulled off its seat and fuel is
pulled into the pump chamber from the float bowl.
6 The pump chamber is filled with fuel and ready for discharge whenever the
6. The pump chamber is filled with fuel and ready for discharge whenever the
throttle plate is opened.
SFB 24202
SFB 24202
SFB 24202
SFB 24202
SFB 24202
SFB 24202
SFB 24202
SFB 24202
SFB 24202
ADAPTIVE CRUISE CONTROL (ACC)
ACC offers stress free driving with the traffic flow, while maintaining proper speed
and distance to the traffic ahead
Th ill l b bl d if h hi l i f b i i The system will also be able to detect if the vehicle in front begins to move again
and will notify the driver in this case via an acoustic signal. If the driver confirms the
signal, his vehicle will accelerate automatically, all the while maintaining proper
following distance, up to the preselected speed or the speed permitted by the flow g , p p p p p y
of traffic.
The new ACC systems warn the driver promptly before possible rearend collisions.
With predictive brake preconditioning they can shorten the stopping distance With predictive brake preconditioning, they can shorten the stopping distance,
possibly enough to save lives
SFB 24202
Benefits:
Stress-free driving with the traffic flow, in high traffic volume, especially in
traffic jams. j
Predictive driving leads to lower fuel consumption
Higher level of safety due to a steady distance and automatic recommendation to Higher level of safety, due to a steady distance and automatic recommendation to
conduct an emergency brake
Optimal system performance even in bad weather conditions
SFB 24202
SFB 24202
SFB 24202
BRAKE:
p shing do n on the brake pedal slo s a car to a stop - pushing down on the brake pedal slows a car to a stop
- The brakes transmit the force to the tires using friction, and the tires transmit that
force to the road using friction also
SFB 24202
SFB 24202
The ABS system - overview
A ABS t i t f th f ll i t An ABS system consists of the following components:
Some wheel speed sensors
Brake calipers
A hydraulic motor
Some pressure release valves
A quick thinking computer (or control module) which coordinates the whole process q g p ( ) p
Diagram 1: Brake caliper (1) and wheel speed sensor (2)
SFB 24202
How ABS works
i When the driver hits the brakes this pressurises a hydraulic system which causes i. When the driver hits the brakes this pressurises a hydraulic system which causes
the brake pads to squeeze against the discs which causes the car to slow down.
ii. If the ABS system detects that one wheel is slowing down more rapidly than the
rest (a symptom of wheel-lock) it automatically reduces the brake pressure on this
wheel by opening a pressure release valve in the hydraulic system.
iii. ABS also has the ability to build the pressure back up via the hydraulic motor. The
system reacts remarkably quickly, and compared wheel speeds many times a
second. second.
iv. ABS systems can act on just the front wheels (which do most of the braking
work), or all four depending on what car you're driving.
SFB 24202
Diagram 2: Wheel speed sensor (A), ABS control module (B),
hydraulic motor and pressure release valves (C) Brake pipe leading to caliper (D) hydraulic motor and pressure release valves (C), Brake pipe leading to caliper (D)
SFB 24202
In the diagram above, the driver hits the brakes hard on a slippery surface
(1) h (2) d f ll id h b l ABS
(1), then steers (2), and successfully manages to avoid the obstacle. ABS
prevents the wheels from locking, and this allows you steer.
SFB 24202
Without ABS, as the driver applies the brakes the wheels lock (1). Despite applying
steering lock, the car continues straight ahead due to the loss of steering control (2)
g , g g ( )
and a collision results.
SFB 24202
SFB 24202
Tutorial Chapter 3:
1. Accident avoidance can be divided into three main area. Discuss all these three items
2. Based on the study, the vehicle accident involved 4 phase before crash. Discuss all the 4
phases.
3 As per below table analyze the BAC level 3. As per below table, analyze the BAC level.
Error in minutes
6 2 2
9
3.5
6
15
4 6
7.5 6
7.5 9
10 12
1. There are 5 main components automotive influence drivers car view during driving. Discuss
all the five components and propose the improvement design based on safety requirement
2 What is the main purpose of adaptive cruise control (ACC)?
15 10 12
2. What is the main purpose of adaptive cruise control (ACC)?
3. Describe all the automotive components in ABS system and benefit of ABS system?

Accident Avoidance

Transféré par

Informations du document

Copyright

Formats disponibles

Partager ce document

Partager ou intégrer le document

Options de partage

Avez-vous trouvé ce document utile ?

Ce contenu est-il inapproprié ?

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

Accident Avoidance

Transféré par

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

SFB 24202

AUTOMOTIVE SAFETY AUTOMOTIVE SAFETY

Vous aimerez peut-être aussi