TextureAnalyzer:Characterization

l f il b d f l i toolforoilbasedformulations
Dr Kunal Pal Dr.Kunal Pal
B.Pharm.,M.E.(Biomedical),Ph.D.(Mat.Sc.)
D t t f Bi t h l & M di l E i i DepartmentofBiotechnology&MedicalEngineering
NationalInstituteofTechnologyRourkela,Odisha.
Email: pal kunal@yahoo com Email:pal.kunal@yahoo.com
Phone:8763366085
Oilbasedformulations
VegetableoilsandFDAapproval
Bioavailability Bioavailability
Naturalpenetrationenhancer:Oleicacid,
linoleic acid linoleic acid
Compositionofoilbasedformulations
Commonly used raw materials Commonlyusedrawmaterials
Composition Examples p p
Vegetable
oils
Olive oil, soybean oil, sesame oil, ground nut oil, sunflower oil, coconut oil, castor
oil, cotton seed oil, canola oil and corn oil.
N i i S ( 20 40 60 80) t (t 20 t 80) Non-ionic
surfactants
Spans (span 20, span 40, span 60, span 80), tweens (tween 20, tween 80),
cyclodextrins, lecithin, polyethoxylated alcohols, and poloxamer 407.
Cosurfactan Propylene glycol, glycerine, ethanol, isopropanol and Cremophor RH40 (polyoxyl
ts/cosolvents 40 hydrogenated castrol oil).
Antioxidants Water soluble: Ascorbic acid (vitamin C), glutathione, lipoic acid and uric acid.
Oil soluble: -tocopherol, -carotene, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), butylated
hydroxyanisole (BHA) and propyl gallate carotenes.
Typesofoilbasedformulations yp
Pseudo-ternary phase diagram. (a) fresh formulations, and (b) formulations after
accelerated stability study. accelerated stability study.
Representative formulations (a) gels, (b) white emulsion, (c) yellow emulsion, and
(d) microemulsion.
TextureAnalyzer:Aninvaluable
instrument for characterizing instrumentforcharacterizing
semisolidpharmaceutical
formulations
Spreadability Spreadability
Forward extrusion Forwardextrusion
Backward extrusion Backwardextrusion
GL: Gel; EW: White emulsion; EY: Yellow emulsion; ME: Microemulsion
Cycliccompressionstudies y p
Stress relaxation Stressrelaxation
GL: Gel; EW: White emulsion; EY: Yellow emulsion; ME: Microemulsion
Modified Pelegs equation
( )
0
1 2
0
( ) t t
k k t
o o
o

= +
0
o
where, k
1
and k
2
represent the initial rate and extent of the relaxation,
respectively. p y
If k
2
values are nearby to each other, calculate the area under the
normalized stress relaxation curve (S*) and asymptotic residual value normalized stress relaxation curve (S*) and asymptotic residual value
in the normalized stress relaxation curve (*).
% l i b l l d f h f ll i i
0
% *100
r
l ti
o o
| |

|
% relaxation can be calculated from the following equation.
0
0
% e *100
r
r laxation
o
=
|
\ .
( )
t
( ) ( ) ( )
0 r r
rel
t
ln t ln
T
o o o o =
where, (t) is the stress at time t,
0
is the maximum
stress developed during the study and
r
is the
id l t ft l ti residual stress after relaxation.
Creeprecovery Creep recovery
Burgers model Creep and recovery
0 1 1 0
( ) (1 exp( ))
c
J t J J t t t q = + +
The first element of the Burgers model is the The first element of the Burger s model is the
instantaneous shear compliance (J
0
), the deflection at
the beginning of the deformation and it represents the
pure elasticity with no time delay. The second element
of Burgers model is represented by delayed or
retarded viscosity (J
1
). Retardation time (t
1
) is the third y (
1
) (
1
)
element and it represents the time of delayed elastic
deformation to reach the equilibrium. The last element
is related to the pure/initial viscosity ( ) is related to the pure/initial viscosity (
0
).
Creep st d = Viscosit E = Storage mod l s E =Loss mod l s Creep study: = Viscosity; E
0
= Storage modulus; E
1
=Loss modulus
Creep study: Method to analyze physical stability of biphasic
formulations
Additional information Additionalinformation
Video capture Videocapture
Thermalcabinet
d l i Impedanceanalysis