Global History I

Africa Unit Review Sheet

Geography
Sahara Desert
Sahel
Savanna
Riverspositives and negatives
Rain forests
Mineral resourcesexamples and impact
Regular/uneven coastlines
Concernsdesertification (causes, effects, solutions), deforestation (causes, effects, solutions)
General impact of geographic features
o ncreased diversit! due to "arriers
o #arriers to eas! travel/trade
Early West African Kingdoms
Ghana, Mali and Songhai
o $sta"lished "ecause of %ealth from gold&salt trade
o 'golden ages(&&achievements
o introduction of slam to )est *frica
o +im"u,tu
o Mansa Musa&&' am Mansua Musa(-.
*dvanced civili/ations "efore the arrival of the $uropeans
"n #attuta
Slave !rade !rans"Atlantic Slave !rade
)hen0 )here0 )h!0
+riangular trade "et%een $urope/*frica/*merica
o Middle 1assage
o 1roducts exchanged
Slave trade involved *frican, *ra", and $uropean slave traders
2ed to conflict and the decline of *frican ,ingdoms and dependence on $uropean goods/trade
E#ropean Imperialism leads to African $ationalism and Independence
'Dar, Continent(
Causeseconomic, militar!, political, humanitarian00 ()hite Man3s #urden), Social
Dar%inism, technological advances
Scram"le for *frica& $uropean nations divided *frica (#erlin Conference)&)here %ere the
*frican nations0
mpact4 1olitical, Social, $conomic ex. $uropean "orders led tri"al differences and ethnic
rivalries
Man! *frican nations gained independence after ))methods used
1an&*frican Movement
*frican 5ationalist leaders & 6en!atta&6en!a, 5,rumah&Ghana, 5!erere&+an/ania
*fter independence, man! *frican countries maintained ties %ith former colonial po%ers
(neocolonialism)
So#th Africa
#ac,ground4 *rrival of the Dutch, #oers, *fri,aners, 7ulus, #ritish control
*partheid 8 Definition and specific la%s enforced
Reactions to *partheid
o *frican 5ational Congress
o Sharpeville Massacere
o So%etto Student 1rotests
o 2eaders 8 5elson Mandela, 9. ). de 6ler,, Desmond +utu
o nternational response4 economic sanctions, "o!cotts, :l!mpic "o!cott
$nd of *partheid
o foreign countries no% trade and invest in S. *frica
o current issues and attempted solutions
%odern Iss#es
;uman Rights <iolations
o n general
o Genocide4 R%anda and Sudan (Darfur region)
ncreased ur"ani/ation, education, loss of traditions (conflict tradition/modern)
1ro"lems& *DS, government insta"ilit! (struggle to esta"lish democracies, corruption, use of
militias and child soldiers), desertification and drought, deforestation, economic development,
health care (malaria epidemic), famine (pro"lems associated %ith distri"ution of food aid),
de"t, overpopulation