Achillodynia

Achillodynia is the medical term for chronic pain

in the Achilles tendon. The condition is caused by
overuse (e.g. competitive sports), foot deformities,
injuries, and certain medications (cortisone).
Characteristically, the problem starts as pain
occurring during exercise or sports activities, with
the pain being localised in the area where the
Achilles tendon attaches to the heel bone. As the
condition progresses, the pain is felt even during
rest and the tendon area become hot and swollen.
The physical examination generally reveals
localised pain and, in some cases, a palpable bump
at the site where the Achilles tendon attaches to the
heel bone. Diagnostic options consist of ultrasound
(sonography), plain radiographs (X-ray) to check
for signs of tendon calcification, and magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI) for a more precise
assessment of anatomic structures.
As a rule, conservative treatment is attempted first.
Conservative treatment measures include shoe
modification, ice, heat, physiotherapy (calf muscle
stretching exercises), and medications to reduce
pain and inflammation. If all conservative measures
fail to relieve the symptoms, then surgical
treatment is performed. The surgery is performed
through a small incision made in the skin directly
over the Achilles tendon. The irritated, inflamed
and necrotic (dead) tissues are removed. After
surgery, early functional mobilisation will be
initiated. This means that physiotherapy is started
in the early postoperative phase in order to prevent
tissue adhesion and to achieve full recovery of the
tendon.
Sumber:
http://www.ozm.com/en/services/foot/achilles-
tendon-pain-achillodynia.html
Achilles tendinitis and posterior heel pain are
caused by a wide variety of disorders.
Understanding of the functional anatomy and
pathomechanics of the Achilles tendon is essential
for diagnosis and adequate therapy. Possible causes
for heel pain include paratenonitis, tendinitis,
tendinitis with partial rupture, insertional tendinitis,
subachilles and retroachilles bursitis, Haglunds
deformity and calcaneal spur. These chronic
overuse symptoms may be triggered by pes plano
valgus, lateral ankle instability, hyperlaxity,
malalignement of the lower extremity, forefoot or
hip disorders. In obese patients the deforming
forces on the rear foot position and thereby overuse
of the achillis tendon due to the overweight are
increased. Lack of training with loss of muscular
compensation or forefoot disorders also favor
overuse problems. A sudden increase of load in an
attempt of loosing weight by unaccustomed
exercise, without giving the tissue adequate time
for adaptation may lead to the start of the
symptoms. Therapy of Achilles tendinitis is
preferably conservative, in chronic cases operative
therapy depends on the structures involved.
Sumber:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15937706
achillobursitis
Definitions:
1. Inflammation of a bursa in proximity to the
tendo calcaneus.
Synonyms: retrocalcaneobursitis
Sumber:
http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.ph
p?t=604