INTRODUCTION

The Industrialised Building System (IBS) can be generally interpreted as in which

all building components are mass produced either in a factory or at site factory
according to specifications with standardise shapes and dimensions and transported
to the construction projects site to be rearrange with certain standard to form a
building.

The development of industrialised building system (IBS) is not new in the
construction industry. The history of precast in UK housing dates from the mid
1900s, when this and other forms of industrialised (prefabricated) construction were
used to address the problem of widespread destruction of housing stock during the
Second World War.

In the United States, the use of precast in the construction industry began in the
construction of prefabricated steel house by General House in 1930. However the
early efforts of rationalising and implementation faded quickly due to price
incompetitiveness, high capital and inconsistent local codes. The use of precast
increased sharply after the Second World War due to the need to resolve critical
shortage of houses.

In Malaysia, the implementation of precast concept by using precast concrete
building were introduced in Malaysia in 1966 when the government launched two
pilot projects for precast housing which involves the construction of Tuanku Abdul
Rahman Flats in Kuala Lumpur and the Rifle Range Road Flats in Penang. Both
projects were the first time whereby precast elements were used to construct mass
houses. Later, Perbadanan Kemajuan Negeri Johor (PKNS) import the precast
concrete technology from Germany for the construction ranging from low cost
housing to luxurious housing such as bungalows and semi detached.

Today, many private companies in Malaysia have teamed up with foreign experts
from Australia, Netherlands, United States and Japan to offer precast solutions to
their projects. Numerous construction projects have utilized the precast components
especially to meet the requirement of time constraint and with high accuracy and
quality. The precast components are mainly use in the construction of schools,
colleges, quarters, apartments, hospitals, roads, port and other infrastructures.

Even so, the usage of precast in building in Malaysia is still low as compared to
developed countries such as Japan, United States and Europe. From a survey
conducted by Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) Malaysia, the level
of usage of IBS in the local construction industry is at 15% based on the IBS Survey
2003. The main barriers that impede the growth of IBS are the resistance from the
parties involved in the construction. The local authorities are generally unwilling to
make changes in local building regulations that need a lot of time, works and cost to
establish the legislative, structural planning and economic conditions for industrial
development. The developers have to plan a larger project scheme in order to
reduce the costs of houses for economic viability. The contractor will relatively play
less important role because most of the responsibilities will be taken over by the
precast manufacturer. Furthermore, the subcontractors who rely on labour will be out
of business due to the fact that prefabrication will reduce the number of workers and
replace them with machines. It is important that the Malaysia construction industry
need to involve and be ready for the globalization era where increase in productivity,
quality and safety is a must.

It seems that the lesson from established manufacturing process has not been
learned successfully in the construction industry. Probably a greater intervention
from government linked companies (GLCs) may be needed in setting up the mega
housing projects and endless supply of building ready-made components by multiple
vendors and suppliers.







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TYPE OF PRECAST
OF






CORNICE



A cornice is a decorative molding element found on the top of building walls. Cornice
is designed to provide an attractive finish at the junction of the wall and ceiling. The
cornice comes in a range of designs. It can be used on plasterboard or cement
rendered surfaces. Cornices are generally found at the very top of an exterior wall,
just under the roof line. Historically cornices were designed to prevent rainwater from
running off the roof and hitting the walls. Most buildings today solve the rainwater
problem with gutters, however cornices are still used as decorative elements.

The Position of cornice:
a)The upper slanting part of an entablature located above the frieze.
b)Over a door or window
c)Around the edge of a pedestal





PANEL WITH FALSE COLUMN



The panel with false column is simple columnar provided at the opening side of the
door. Simply bind at grade beam or at roof rods. The panel with false column is not
really used to support weight and need a little connection at the base to maintain
their position. The panel with false column is usually installed to make inside or
outside the building to maximize the workability and reduces cost. This panel with
false column was produced at the factory in the forms panel.

The Advantages of panel with false column:
A. It is easy to install it
B. It is light in weight
C. It can make less of finishing work to be done.

The Disadvantages of panel with false column :
A. It is highly flammable.
B. It is easy to rot (damage) when exposed to water.



CURVE PANEL

Curve panel is built to make the building become beautiful and stylish. It also usually
installs for making the sharp edge become blunt and curvier.

The Advantages of curve panel :
A. It is easy to build in.
B. It is can make time saved.
C. It has also made less money spent.

The Disadvantages of curve panel:
A. It is cannot be renovate
B. It is less design.









PANEL WITH CAST-IN ALUMINIUM WINDOW FRAME



Window frames made of aluminum material which is available in various sizes. Most
of the connections for aluminum window frame are using screws and nuts. The
implementation of cast-in window system requires coordination between the window
fabricator and the precaster. It is also proper handling and protection are important
throughout the precast process, delivery and erection of the precast wall panels. The
protection of the frames should remain intact throughout the construction phase to
avoid physical damages to the frames, which could be costly to rectify.

The advantages of using Aluminium Window Frame:
A. It is beautiful in design
B. It is superior in quality
C. It is convenient to use.
D. It is can be formed into various sizes.
E. It is more light



PRECAST STAIRCASE



Pre-cast concrete staircases are used in most commercial and domestic projects as
they remove the need for formwork. The Precast Staircase System is equally suited
to all types of buildings, including residential, commercial and industrial applications,
for examples is townhouses, offices, houses, low-cost housing and etc.

The advantages of precast staircase:
A. It is fast installation (typically one day).
B. It is immediate access.
C. It is high quality smooth surfaces.
D. Safe working area.
E. A reduction in the mess and clean-up required during construction.




BALCONY SLAB



Balconies is designed, as the elements that hold up the floor plate out of the building.
It is produced from pre-cast concrete or steel structural components.


HALF SLAB



Suitable as flooring for building, bridge, and permanent formwork.
The Advantages of half slab:
A. fabricated in a quality standard under a controlled environment.
B. It is fast installation
C. Less wet work makes for a cleaner construction site
D. Project can be completed ahead of schedule.
FACADE



A facade is generally one side of the exterior of a building, especially the front, but
also sometimes the sides and rear. The word comes from the French language,
literally meaning "frontage" or "face". In architecture, the facade of a building is often
the most important from a design standpoint, as it sets the tone for the rest of the
building. A facade is the outer appearance which is forecasted to make the viewers
or observers believe that the thing behind the outer appearance will be as good as
the outer appearance.












DECORATIVE PANEL



Decorative Panel (Home Decor) is an eco-friendly product which is made of totally
natural raw materials. The home decorative panel is decided into 2 parts which are
Close decorative system and open decorative system. The Closure Decorative
System is build in the inner building while the open decorative system is build in the
outer building or on the wall.










CONCLUSION

The Industrialized Building System (IBS) represent the prefabrication and
industrialised construction concept in Malaysia. The term is proposed to move away
from the typical paradigm of prefabricated systems towards application of modernise
construction concept using manufacturing principal.

Industrialized Building System (IBS) should be seen as innovation in construction.
The innovation agenda has been promoted worldwide as in industrialized
construction. It is imperative that Industrialized Building System (IBS) is seen as an
evolution of construction using new and innovative techniques rather than a
revolution.

The classification of Industrialized Building System (IBS) should be expanded to
cater the scope of volumetric (modular) and hybrid construction.The Industrialized
Building System (IBS) is not to be seen as a threat to traditional methods. Both
methods should be able to work in tandem and improve their processes collectively.
The usage of both method construction is important to ensure that the construction
industry will obtain the best benefits from both system.The Industrialized Building
System (IBS) should move up the degree of industrialization from prefabrication to
reproduction through innovation. The mass-customisation concept which is vital to
open building system agenda can only be achieved through the adoption of
automation in the level of industrialization.

The more advanced Industrialized Building System (IBS) is in the level of
industrialization, Industrialized Building System (IBS) need to play more roles and
has to be involved in project life cycle. The reproduction level of industrialization will
involve the whole project life cycle from planning to maintenance.The Industrialized
Building System (IBS) can be seen as a solution to the whole project life cycle if
only, it can achieve reproduction level of industrialization.