Perhaps you have heard of the term Replacement Theology.

However, if you look it up

in a dictionary of Church history, you will not find it listed as a systematic study. Rather, it
is a doctrinal teaching that originated in the early Church. It became the fertile soil from
which Christian anti-Semitism grew and has infected the Church for nearly 1,900 years.

What is Replacement Theology?

Replacement Theology was introduced to the Church shortly after Gentile leadership took over
from Jewish leadership. What are its premises?

1. Israel (the Jewish people and the land) has been replaced by the Christian Church in the
purposes of YHVH, or, more precisely, the Church is the historic continuation of Israel to
the exclusion of the former.
2. The Jewish people are now no longer a “chosen people.” In fact, they are no different
from any other group, such as the English, Spanish, or Africans.
3. Apart from repentance, the new birth, and incorporation into the Church, the Jewish
people have no future, no hope, and no calling in the plan of YHVH. The same is true for
every other nation and group.

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 4. Since Pentecost of Acts 2, the term “Israel,” as found in the Bible, now refers to the
Church, the so-called “Spiritual Israel”.
5. The promises, covenants and blessings ascribed to Israel in the Bible have been taken
away from the Jews and given to the Church, which has superseded them. However, the
Jews are subject to the curses found in the Bible, as a result of their rejection of the
Messiah.

If you hear a Christian, a minister, or a Church doctrine that ascribes to one of these points,
then knowingly or unknowingly they have swallowed the Replacement Theology pill. I say
unknowingly because the doctrine is so systemic, most Christians have been brought up in it
and hove no idea that these premises are contrary to Scripture.

Where did Replacement Theology come from?

Replacement Theology is closely associated with Reformed
(or Covenant) Theology, the brand of theology historically
linked to John Calvin (1509-1564) and the Protestant
Reformation. Reformed/Covenant Theology, in turn, is
closely associated with amillennialism, an eschatological
view with a spiritualized (rather than literal-historical)
interpretation of the prophetic Scriptures. The natural affinity
these views (that is, Replacement Theology and
amillennialism) seem to have for each other is
understandable because Replacement Theology relies so
heavily on a non-literal and allegorical interpretation of the
biblical promises to Israel.

Although many of the early Reformers and Puritans -

including even Calvin himself - wrote about the nation of
Israel one day being restored by the grace of YHVH and
experiencing a national regeneration, that is an
increasingly marginalized, minority view in Reformed
Christianity today (which is ironic, since we have seen the
amazing rebirth of the nation of Israel, just as the Word of
YHVH predicted!)

Elements of Replacement Theology can be traced as far back as Marcion (A.D. 160), who carried
on a theological crusade to purge the Church of what he perceived to be dangerous Jewish errors
and influences. Later, many of these same anti-Judaic sentiments found their way into the
thinking (and writings) of the Early Church fathers. Irenaeus (c. 180), for instance, wrote, “The
Jews have rejected the Son of YHVH and cast Him out of the vineyard when they slew Him.
Therefore, YHVH has justly rejected them and has given to the Gentiles outside the vineyard the
fruits of its cultivation” (The Ante-Nicene Fathers, Ed. Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson,
[1885-1887], Volume 1, p. 493).

Over time, statements like these became the basis for full-blown anti-Semitism in some sectors of
Christianity. Anything Jewish was renounced as an attempt to subvert and “Judaize” the Church.
Teachings like chiliasm (millenarianism), for instance, were denounced as “Jewish fables.” The
Early Church, which was clearly and undeniably Jewish, was described as “primitive,”
unenlightened, and beset by erroneous notions that were carry-overs from ancient Judaism.

By the seventh century, Jewish people who came to faith in the Messiah were required to
denounce their Jewish ancestry and heritage before they could be baptized. Professor Paul
Halsall of Fordham University cites the following Visigoth profession from c. A.D. 680-687:

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The incredible irony here is that only a few centuries earlier, the Church had been almost
exclusively Jewish/Hebrew! The Messiah was Jewish (born a Jew and from the Tribe of Judah);
the writers of the Bible were Jewish; the apostles were Jewish; the earliest Believers/Christians
were Jewish; the first congregation was Jewish (located in Jerusalem); and the first missionaries
were Jewish!

In fact, a council of Church leaders - including Paul, Barnabas, Peter and James - was convened
at Jerusalem (Acts 15) so the leaders of the new and growing Messianic Movement (known first
as “the sect of the Nazarenes,” Acts 24:5) could decide upon what conditions non-Jews would be
admitted into the fellowship of the saints! But here, within just a few generations, the shoe was
already on the other foot! Non-Jews were in control of the Church now. Jewish doctrines (the
earthly Kingdom in particular) were considered erroneous and even seditious. And non-Jewish
Church leaders were laying down the terms for Jewish believers in Jesus who wished to be
baptized.

The Main Problems with Supersessionism or Replacement

Theology - It Contradicts Scripture
Did the sins of the Jewish nation result in her rejection? Paul’s answer is
found in Romans 11:1:

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Some people say that Israel is finished, that they had their chance and lost
it from the time of Y’shua’s First Coming. We see here what Paul said; that
YHVH did not reject Israel. Why do so many Christians then believe this lie
that contradicts the Scripture?

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If the Jewish nation has no future in YHVH’s plan, as the supersessionists claim, then what is the
future “fullness” of Israel that Paul mentions in verse 12? Is this rejection permanent or
temporary? It is temporary because YHVH will bring them to their fullness again. Even if we insist
on saying that they did stumble and fall, then it must also be said that their fall brought salvation
to the rest of the world (Gentiles) - and Israel’s fall, too, is only temporary because they are
destined to be restored one day to a position of “fullness”.

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Israel will be brought from death to life and their casting away to restoration. This is quite clear to
see that physical Israel is not done away with, but will be restored and brought from death to life.
And when exactly will the nation be resurrected (“life from the dead”) and “accepted” by YHVH (v
15)? Paul can’t be talking about the Church in this passage because the Church has never died -
and never will (John 11:26). The only reasonable answer is that Paul is referring to a yet-future
resurrection and restoration of Am Israel (the “people of Israel, the nation of Israel” a collective
term for the nation), as prophesied in passages like Ezekiel 37:1-14.

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They are dry bones because of their hope that is lost in their Elohim. (v11), but YHVH will speak
His Word over them and will breath over them and they will come alive by the Spirit of YHVH and
by His Word of Truth. He will restore them and the Nation of Israel in the physical Land of Israel
as this prophecy predicts and they will know that He is YHVH their Elohim. Part of this prophecy
has already been fulfilled when Israel became a Nation on May 14,1948, where they became a
Nation in one day.

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Since then Israel has become a great army and proved themselves in the six day war on June 5-
10, 1967. Judah or the Jews will be fully restored when they receive YHVH’s Spirit and the
revelation of Y’shua the Messiah. It doesn’t mean they will automatically be saved simply
because they are Jewish; rather, it means that the majority of Jewish people who are living at that
time will recognize Y’shua of Nazareth as their Messiah and receive Him as Savior (Zechariah
12:10).

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They will be saved in the same way believers from all ages and generations have been saved;
that is, they will be saved by grace, through faith (Eph. 2:8-10). The problem with saying that
YHVH rejected His people Israel is that the term “rejection” implies permanence and finality.
Paul’s forceful statements in Romans 11 probably indicate that people were claiming, even in his
day, that YHVH had “cast away” His people Israel (v. 1). They were saying that Israel had
“stumbled’ and “fallen” from her former position (vv. 11-12). Paul rejected any such notion
(“Certainly not!” in verses 1 and 11).

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A very interesting passage; Judah (or the Jews) shall come together with Israel (10 Scattered
Tribes who were gathered through Y’shua which are the “Christians” or Believers in Messiah).
This has not happened yet and is part of the end time signs that must take place before the
Coming of the Messiah. They will go back to the land that was promised to their forefathers that is
the Land of Israel. We also see the Covenant of YHVH still standing as he refers to them as still
being married to Him. Judah or the Jews are still married to YHVH and He did not write them off,
nor did Israel (spiritual/Church) replace Israel in taking their promises. No, Israel (Believers in
Messiah) forms part of this promise and they are also married to YHVH through Y’shua the
Messiah Who craft them in with Israel. All they have to do to be gathered back is to repent of their
iniquity, of the things that caused them to be scattered in the first place. Then YHVH will reveal
the Messiah to them. [Zec 12:6-11]

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Jezebel wanted the field of “Naboth the Jezreelite”. His name means “Fruitful
Returning One”. Naboth is a plural for fruit and Jesreel refers to Ephraim’s scattering
and return back to sonship [Hosea 1:4 – 5, 2:22]. The Father calls His re-gathering of
all the tribes of Israel, “the great day of Jezreel” [Hosea 1:11]. This is the time where YHVH will
gather the Two Houses, the house of Judah (Jews) and the House of Israel (Scattered
Tribes/Believers in Messiah) together under one Head, that is Y’shua the Messiah. Note that both
Houses are present and the House of Israel did not replace the House of Judah (Jews). They are
brought together in the last days.

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In this passage, Ephraim are the Scattered Ten Tribes that are in the nations (gathered by
accepting Y’shua as their Messiah) and Judah are the Jews that are gathered back to the Land of
Israel. In the last days YHVH will break the envy between Ephraim and Judah and will cause
Judah (Jews) to accept Ephraim as part of Israel. There will be peace between the Two Houses
as they are gathered back together again as YHVH restores the 12 Tribes of Israel as part of His
Redemption work at the end of the age. All of this must happen for all the people of YHVH to
enter into the New Jerusalem. The New Jerusalem have 12 Gates; they are not the Catholic
Gate, the SDA Gate, the Lutheran Gate, the Dutch Reform Gate, est. No, they are the 12 Gates
for the 12 Tribes of Israel to enter into the City of YHVH.

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To enter into the City you have to be part of the Twelve Tribes of Israel and
the Jews as we know them today consists mostly of the Tribe of Judah, Levi
and Benyamin. The rest of the tribes will come in through the “Church” who will be gathered by
the Spirit of YHVH and by the work of the Messiah. (We will find out why YHVH chose these Two
Houses to complete His restoration process in the next section). Prior to this, YHVH will reveal to
the Jews that Y’shua is the Messiah and will reveal to the “Christians” that Y’shua is a Jew Who
kept Torah, Who is the Torah and Who will teach the Torah. The Jews or Judah will then weep
and repent and accept Y’shua as their Messiah. This will happen when the people gather against
Jerusalem to attack it and where fire will came down to devourer their enemies. [Zec 14:1-21]

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This is not a passage that describes the New Jerusalem because there will be no more tears in
Jerusalem (Rev 21:4). This is a passage in the end time context where YHVH will devour his
enemies who wants to destroy Jerusalem with fire. This is when YHVH will pour on them a Spirit
of Grace and they will “see” the Messiah whom they have pierced and Who died on the stake
(cross) and they will weep and mourn as if they have lost their first born. This is a sign of true
repentance and acceptance of Y’shua as the Messiah and this will be their salvation. He will then
open a fountain to the people of Jerusalem (Jews) for their sin and uncleanness and YHVH will
cleanse them from their idols and false worship practices. This is the day of their Salvation. Why
does YHVH deal with Judah in this way? Because He blinded Judah (Israel that exited in the time
of Y’shua) so that the Gentiles may come in.

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What is this Mystery Paul is talking about?

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Who is the Olive Tree?

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The Olive Tree is the combined House of Israel that consists of

the Two Houses; the House of Judah (Jews) and the House of
Israel/Ephraim (10 scattered Tribes) and the branches were
burned (Jer) or broken off (Rom) because of their iniquity and
unbelief. Paul tells us that the Olive tree is the Original
Israel, the combined Two Houses. This Mystery is the
Gentiles (who includes scattered Israel) can be grafted
into Israel as a whole as part of the restoration of the Two
Houses of physical Israel. The Gentiles are the Wild Olive
tree and they consist of people from the nations and people
from the scattered Israel. They are grafted into physical
original Israel. These broken off branches are easier to graft
back in due to their nature (Hebrew/Torah culture). The
Gentiles are warned not to be high minded and elevate
themselves above Israel that have been broken off so that the Gentiles may be grafted in, and
maybe the fact that they have the revelation of the Messiah. Paul warned that if you do this that
they might be broken off just like the people of Israel who weren’t faithful.

I think this warning applies also to those who think they have replaced the broken off branches or
Israel. If you beliefs this, then you are high mined (arrogant) and you do not understand Scripture,
or you might be misled by false doctrines that crept into the Church. Be very careful how you treat
the Jews who are from the natural branches and whom YHVH will graft back in at His appointed
time.
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Israel will be a nation that will be the joy of YHVH before all the other nations, confirming the fact
that it is the physical Israel and not the spiritual Israel – it is both Houses combined. Have you
ever thought why YHVH refers to these two groups as separate other than the fact that they were
divided at the time of Solomon’s son? He is speaking about their restoration in the Last Days and
why still use the Two Houses and not one entity like the Church?

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He will bring both houses into the Mountains of Israel (physical land) and that is where Y’shua,
the King of Kings, will rule over them as one Shepherd and lead physical Israel in His Judgments
and Statutes and teach them His Torah.

The Promises given to Judah and Ephraim by Jacob

As we have seen in the Prophesies, Judah are the Jews and Ephraim are the Scattered 10 Tribes
including gentiles. The 10 Tribes were scattered but in YHVH’s wisdom and greater Plan He is in
full control even if we break His Covenant; He allowed them to be scattered but in the same token
use them as a “net” to bring in a great “catch” from among the nations as He pulls the “net” back
in. The sea represent the nations and the scattered 10 Tribes act as the “net”, and as YHVH
restores and call them back, He brings in a great multitude with them. This is in line with the
prophecy made to Ephraim that represents these people who come in through the work of the
Messiah and the Gospel that was spread across the whole world.

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Joseph/Ephraim – Believers in Messiah Y’shua:

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We see Joseph was split into two tribes, Ephraim and Manasseh. Ephraim means “fruitful,
increase and double blessing” and Manasseh means “forgetfulness, he that is forgotten” and it all
relates to this prophecy given to Joseph who represents the Believers in Messiah. Joseph means
“increase and addition” and we see this meaning in all the blessings spoken over him by Jacob.
People tend to forget that Joseph is a perfect picture of Messiah and the followers of Y’shua walk
in these blessings. One of the blessings is the increase of the breasts and the womb – this
implies multiplication of “new born believers” in the Messiah and it came through spreading the
Good news of Y’shua all across the world. They also receive the “blessing form heaven” that is
the outpouring and receiving of YHVH’s Spirit that helps them to conform to His ways and to
return to His Plan reaching people and bringing the nations in. Archers have grieved him and shot
him; these arrows are words of slander and he has received a lot of rejection from his brother
Judah as well as from the world.

Judah - Jews:

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We see Judah in conflict as described by the praise “your hand is at the neck of your enemies”
and this is true today, as they stand strong against physical conflict and war as they repossessed
the Land of Israel. We also see his garments washed in wine (blood) and his blood was shed for
standing strong in faith as proven in history. (Holocaust & wars). As we all know, Judah or the
Jews are not in the business to bring people into faith and they have received the “job” to guard
the Torah. Judah is the one who keeps and teaches the Law and this scepter (authority) shall not
depart from his hand. His eyes are sparkling with hope and his teeth are white from milk proving
his endurance to stand and speak YHVH’s truth without compromise.

Both these houses have a specific purpose in the end times and we see that Judah is the one
who have guarded the Torah over all these centuries and Joseph/Ephraim brought the nations in
so that the promise made to Abraham can be fulfilled. The one cannot replace the other and both
of them have a divine calling. Replacement Theology ignores these prophecies because the
people do not know the Scripture and pervert it. As the nations come in to fulfill the promise made
to Abraham, so shall the Torah be established in the Last days and be taught from Mt Zion.

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All of these events lead up to the fulfillment of this Prophecy in Isaiah where there will be a
multitude who will come from Ephraim and they will walk in the Ways of YHVH, His Torah that
Judah (Jews) guarded. Both have a role and both Houses will come together to make this a
reality. The Jews/Judah need Y’shua the Messiah and the “Christians”/Ephraim needs the Torah
they need each other to fulfill YHVH’s Plan.

Why Is This “Replacement Theology Error” Dangerous?

Is Replacement Theology really worth arguing about? Or is this discussion
much ado about nothing? One reason it’s important to call attention to
questionable theology, no matter how deeply entrenched it may be in
traditional Christianity is that sooner or later, bad theology always leads to
bad practice - and in this case, it already has! Replacement Theology has
provided the basis for all sorts of mischief, persecution, and atrocities against
the Jewish people throughout Christian history.

For example, Martin Luther, the father of the Protestant Reformation, was a
supersessionist. Near the end of his life, he said that synagogues and
Jewish schools should be burned to the ground, Jewish people run out of
their homes, their prayer books and Talmudic writings burned, and the rabbis
forbidden to preach or teach on penalty of death (“On the Jews and Their Lies,” Trans. Martin H.
Bertram, in Luther’s Works [Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1971], pp. 268-271). Luther also
declared that Jewish people in Germany should be confined to their own homes and
neighbourhoods - a plan the Nazis implemented literally when they quarantined Jewish families in
ghettos in Poland and other places before shipping them to the death camps for extermination.
One historian writes: It is difficult to understand the behaviour of most German Protestants in the
first Nazi years unless one is aware of two things: their history and the influence of Martin Luther.
The great founder of Protestantism was both a passionate anti-Semite and a ferocious believer in
absolute obedience to political authority. He wanted Germany rid of the Jews. Luther’s advice
was literally followed four centuries later by Hitler, Goering, and Himmler (William L. Shirer, The
Rise and Fall of the Third Reich [New York: Simon & Shuster, 1960], p. 236).

No one is suggesting that anyone who believes in Replacement Theology is an anti-Semite or

would agree with Luther’s statements. That would be an unfair characterization - and it certainly is
not the case. It is important, nevertheless, to examine the implications and ramifications of any
position, including Replacement Theology: and it is an incontestable fact that ideas similar to
those of Replacement Theology have inspired some horrible atrocities against the Jewish people.

What Happens When the Church Relates to Israel?

When the Church chooses to relate to Israel and the Jewish people in YHVH’s eternal plans, the
result is positive:

1) The Church takes its proper role in YHVH’s redemptive plan for the world, appreciating
YHVH’s ongoing covenant relationship and love for Israel and the Jewish people.
2) We can see the consistency of YHVH’s redemptive plan from Genesis to Revelation as
an ongoing complementary process, not as disconnected snapshots.

11
 3) We show love and honor for YHVH’s covenant people, not contempt.
4) We value the Old and New Testaments as equally inspired and significant for the Church
today.
5) Bible prophecy makes sense for today and offers opportunities for involvement in YHVH’s
plan for Israel.
6) We become better disciples of Y’shua as we are able to appreciate the Hebraic/Judaic
roots that fill in the definitions, concepts, words and events in the New Testament that are
otherwise obscured. Why? Many were not explained by the Jewish writers of the New
Testament, because they did not feel the need to fill in all the details that were already
explained in the Old Testament.

Had the Church understood this very clear message from the beginning, then the sad legacy of
anti-Semitic hatred from the Church may have been avoided.

The error of Replacement Theology is like a cancer in the Church that has not only caused it to
violate YHVH’s Word concerning the Jewish people and Israel, but it made us into instruments of
hate, not love in YHVH’s Name. Yet, it is not too late to change our ways and rightly relate to the
Jewish people and Israel today. Not only do we need to learn and do for ourselves, but we need
to teach others so as to counteract the historical error that has been fostered in the Church for
nearly 2,000 years.

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Bibliography 1) Gerhard Falk, The Jew in Christian Theology, (MacFarland: Jefferson, NC, 1992). 2)
Leopold Lucas, The Conflict Between Christianity and Judaism, (Aris & Phillips, Warminster, UK: 1993).
3) The New International Study Bible, (The Zondervan Corporation: Grand Rapids, MI, 1985). 4) The New
Scofield Reference Bible, Authorized King James Version, (Oxford University Press: New York, NY, 1967).
5) Keith Parker, Is the Church the “New Israel?”, (Prayer for Israel: Golant, UK). 6) James Parkes, The
Conflict of the Church and the Synagogue, (Atheneum, New York, 1974). 7) David Rausch, The Legacy of
Hatred, (Moody Press: Chicago, IL, 1984) 8) Marcel Simon, Verus Israel, (Oxford University Press: New
York, NY, 1986). 9) Clarence H. Wagner, Jr., Lessons from the Land of the Bible, (Bridges for Peace:
Jerusalem, Israel, 1998). 10) Eds. C. Roth and G. Wigoder, Encyclopedia Judaica, (Keter Publishing
House, Ltd.: Jerusalem, Israel, 1972).

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