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Hydro
Page 2
GENERAL
Elastomeric Technology
Anti-seismic devices of
JARRET STRUCTURES
STU: Shock Transmission Unit
AB Series
AVE Series:
Dampers for Cables Stay
PSD in traction compression
ATC Series
FVD: Fluid Viscous Damper
ASR Series
PSD: Preload Spring Damper
BC Series
Page 3
n area
JARRET STRUCTURES devices use a special product: The silicon fluid
Our technology use fluid characteristics to obtain device function
Fluid characteristics D De ev vi ic ce e f fu un nc ct ti io on ns s
COMPRESSIBILITY S SP PR RI IN NG G F Fu un nc ct ti io on n
VISCOSITY D DA AM MP PI IN NG G F Fu un nc ct ti io on n
Technology
With Jarret Structures Technology the alpha value can be between 0.05 > > 0.8
The graph shows influence of the alpha value on the damping performance.
As we can see, an alpha value (0.1) provides a more reactive reaction at low
velocity that increases the dissipated energy.
The second advantage of alpha 0.1 is to limit the maximum reaction when the
velocity grows up, this point is very interesting to limit this maximum into the
structures at high velocity.
DAMPING BEHAVIOR LAW :
F = C .V
= 0.5
= 0.1
= 1
Page 4
INCREASE THE ENERGY CAPACITY
INCREASE REACTION AT LOW VELOCITY
CONTROL DAMPING FORCE AT HIGH VELOCITY
DAMPER WITHOUT MAINTENANCE
Alpha: 0.5 Alpha: 0.1
The graph shows influence of alpha value on the energy dissipation.
The GREEN area represents the energy area dissipated during one cycle with a damper set
with alpha 0.5.
The PINK area represents the difference between energy areas dissipated by a damper set
with alpha 0.5 and 0.1.
As result for 2 dampers at same maximum force, stroke, and velocity if we use alpha 0.1
the energy capacity is more important than if we use a higher alpha value (0.3, 0.5, ...)
THE LAW ALPHA VALUE TECHNOLOGY (alpha 0.1-0.05) ALLOWS TO:
Performance
Page 5
A Jarret Structures damper is designed to dissipate seismic or
dynamic energy on a structure. Douce-Hydros/Jarret Structures
ASR series dampers work in tension and compression. The
dampers can reduce longitudinal and transversal or vertical
displacement of a deck. They can be installed in different type of
structures, for example, longitudinally between the deck and the
abutment, or in transverse between the deck and the pier structure
of a bridge. They can equally be installed in a building for brace or
base isolation. Seismic energy is dissipated into the damper unit
instead of being dissipated in the concrete or steel structure.
Working Principle
A Douce-Hydros/Jarret Structures viscous fluid damper works on the principle of the rapid
passage of viscous fluid through a narrow orifice or port generates high resistance, which
dissipates a large amount of energy as heat.
F = C .V
Behavior law:
F = Pressure x Surface
F = (P1-P2) x Sdiff
(P1-P2) depends on flow into vf, fixed by the
velocity.
P1, P2: internal pressure into the chambers
Vf: fluid velocity into the gap
Sdiff: surface of the piston where the
pressure is applied.
P1 P2
F
X
FVD: Fluid Viscous Damper
ASR Series
Vf Sdiff
V
Page 6
A Shock Transmission Unit (STU), also called Dynamic Connector is
designed to be connected between bridge structure components to
form a rigid link under dynamic loads induced by forces such as vehicle
braking and earthquakes. At the same time, the structure will be able to
move freely under slow applied loads such as thermal expansion and
creep shrinkage.
The unit is connected between elements of bridge structures at
expansion joints, or near the bearings between the superstructure and
the substructure.
The use of STU allows the load sharing of a suddenly applied force.
Velocity 0 Valve open P2=P1 Force 0
Velocity > 0 Valve closed P2 P1 Force very high
Working Principle
These dampers work on the principle of rapid passage of viscous fluid through a narrow gap,
orifice or port, generates only minor resistance. A STU should block the deck of a bridge during
a quick motion and behave like a spring with a very high stiffness. At the same time, the Shock
Transmission Unit should deliver a low reaction force during the slow displacements of thermal
expansion or contraction of the deck.
Douce-Hydros/Jarret Structures AB series is made with a steel reservoir, with a piston rod
sliding through it. On the piston rod, there is a fixed head, which separates the reservoir into
two chambers.
When the unit is filled with silicon fluid, at rest, the pressure is the same in both chambers.
When the velocity goes up, the silicone must pass into a clever valve that generates pressure.
P1, P2 internal pressure into the chambers
STU: Shock Transmission Units
P1 P2
A Special valve is fixed between the 2 chambers
STU acts as a very stiff spring in dynamic
(During earthquake or braking)
AB Series
Page 7
Dynamic Connectors
AB Series
Performance:
The graph below shows the performance generated by an STU at low velocity, and during a dynamic
event at high velocity.
Douce-Hydros/Jarret Structures AB series are velocity dependant.
Temperature and Aging:
A variation of the outside temperature, which can range from - 55C to + 80C, does not change the amount
of energy dissipated per cycle. There is no ageing of the silicone fluid.
Douce-Hydros/Jarret Structures AB series have been tested in very severe environmental conditions,
including fire.
Page 8
C E A / B Ea /Eb
(mm) (mm) (mm) mm)
140 25 4x20 150
X
(mm)
961 801
ASR 300 Fmax = 350 Kn Alpha = 0.1
ASR 300-100 50 200
(mm)
Dampers
Stroke
(mm)
Y
(mm)
NxD
ASR 300-500 140 25 4x20 150 1961 1801 250 200
ASR 2000-100 325 55 290
ASR 2000, Fmax= 2000 kN, alpha= 0.1
50 1740 1330 6x44 400
ASR 2000-600 360 55 290 300 2990 2580 6x44 400
ASR 1500-100 255 45 4x39 255
ASR 1500, Fmax= 1500 kN, alpha= 0.1
50 1517 1197 350
ASR 1500-600 280 45 4x39 255 300 2767 2447 350
ASR 1000-100 200 40 4x33 220
ASR 1000, Fmax= 1000 kN, alpha= 0.1
50
1478 1158 300
2422 2192 250 180
ASR 1000-500 225 40 4x33 220 250
2478 2158 300
ASR 650-100 160 30 4x27
ASR 650, Fmax= 650 kN, alpha= 0.1
180
50
1172 942 250
ASR 650-500 180 30 4x27 180
250
2172 1942 250
ASR and AB Dimension
The range of dampers size is not limited, we can design dampers following your request, for
example 10KN, 300KN, 3000KN, 4000KN....
These values are given just for example. It is possible to adapt devices with regard to your wishes.
Do not hesitate to contact us to obtain more details and explanations.
Mechanical adjustment
Page 9
Working Principle
The PSD works on the principle of rapid passage of viscous fluid through a narrow
orifice or port generates high resistance, which dissipates a large amount of
energy. In order to avoid the displacement before reaching a certain force level,
Douce-Hydro/Jarret Structures can define a preloaded value, F0. Before reaching
this value it is not possible to compress the unit. After the dynamic compression of
the PSD, the unit has the ability to return to its original position due to the
integrated spring function. For example, this return force value is defined in order
to overcome the friction force of the sliding pot bearings. In order to generate this
damping and spring function in two directions, a double-acting PSD is used.
Performance
The graph below shows the performance generated by the PSD during a dynamic event at
nominal velocity V= 0.2 m/sec. The value F0 is the preload value and K is the stiffness value of
the spring. The value F0 is defined in order to overcome the friction of the pot bearings during a
dynamic event. The unit is designed to be used in compression in both directions.
1 fix pier
Behaviour law:
F = F0 + Kx + Cv
Static Dynamic
In contact against a
vertical wall of the
pier head
Fixed to the deck
Damper
Preloaded spring
Device is preloaded
(F0)
PSD: Preload Spring Dampers
PSD Series
Page 10
Spring function
Preloaded + Spring function
Preloaded + Spring function + Damping
Preloaded Spring Dampers
Arc tan(K)
F only depends on X
Internal Pressure Increases
F = P
in
+ K(x) + CV
- We use Preloaded Spring Damper
- We add a piston to the head to obtain damping
X P F
F = K(x)
F
= P
in
+ K(x)
P
in
P
in
Displacement (X)
K(x)
K(x)
Displacement (X)
P
in
Arc tan (K)
K(x)
CV
Dissipated
energy
+
Page 11
MECHANICAL & DESIGN CHARACTERISTICS OF STANDARD DEVICES
TYPE BC60S
Temperature and Aging:
A variation of the outside temperature, which can range from - 55C to + 80C, does not change the
amount of energy dissipated per cycle. There is no ageing of silicone fluid.
Douce-Hydros/Jarret Structures BC series PSDs have been tested in extreme environmental
conditions, including fire.
Installation:
PSDs are delivered with stainless steel plates which hold the PSD in the correct position for concreting.
The PSD unit has to be bolted to the lower face of the deck and then the temporary holding bars
connecting the stainless steel plates are removed by cutting them. A complete installation manual is
provided.
PSD Dimension
BC60S
Other design:
ATC
BC10S
These values are given just for example. It is possible to adapt devices with regard to your wishes.
Do not hesitate to contact us to obtain more details and explanations.
Devices
Page 12
PSD Series
BC10S: compression in one direction
BC60S: Compression in two directions
AT: PSD in TRACTION
ATC: PSD in TRACTION and COMPRESSION
ATC
F0
Page 13
BASE ISOLATION
SPIDERS
WIND-BRACING BETWEEN FLOORS
BUILDING PROTECTION
Page 14
BA
Base isolation
Application on individual buildings
Working Principle:
The base isolation is a solution to protect individual or small buildings. This system is a combination
using isolators (Elastomeric plot) and dampers.
The isolators reduce the force but increase the displacements. The dampers allow reducing the
displacements by dissipating energy.
With this combination, the building structure is protected and the force and displacement transmitted at
the foundation are low.
- Dampers ==> Dissipate energy
- Isolator ==> Reduce the rigidity
Decrease of the
acceleration
Impact of the base isolation
on response spectra
Isolators
Dampers
Without dampers, the displacements
are too high.
Dampers allow to reduce
displacement
Page 15
Bracing between floors:
Association of PSD in series + Preloaded cable,
PSD + Transmitters or ASR.
This installation is possible on existing buildings.
Limited dimensions.
ASR1500-108
Office state Buildings 8&9, Sacramento,
USA
Decrease of the
acceleration
BRACING
Application on high buildings
Active wind-bracing using
a spring damper working
in traction compression
(BEIJING HOTEL)
Wind-bracing between floors
Disposition X
- Dampers ==> Dissipate energy
Impact of the Bracing on
response spectra
Page 16
Spider disposition
PSD position on base
Working principle:
This technology is developed by JARRET STRUCTURES, it is an
interesting solution to protect building by retrofitting.
This system uses a PSD working in traction, the device is fixed at a
preloaded cable relying all the floors together. The cable layout can be
accommodated with building. It is relied only on device by cable working
only in case of earthquake
Principle plan
Energy dissipation
SPIDERS
Technology patented by Jarret Structures
Page 17
SPIDERS Technique:
More important decrease of the displacements and accelerations.
Wind-bracing with spiders
- More advantageous than the wind-bracing between floors
- One damper by cable at the structure base
- Running of the squanderer ~ the sum of the deformations between floors
- Perfect for urban renewal
- Cables disposed inside or outside the structure
- Reducing of the PSD number
- Displacements between floors accumulated
SPIDERS
ENEAs test structure
3D View
Page 18
DAMPERS APPLICATION
SPECIAL DAMPERS FOR RAILWAY
BRIDGE
DYNAMIC CONNECTOR
DAMPERS FOR CABLE STAY
PRELOADED SPRING DAMPERS
BRIDGE PROTECTION
Page 19
Dampers
Regardless of the type construction, Douce-Hydro/Jarret Structures creates
dampers which dissipate a large part of the kinetic energy, allowing the
displacement of the deck without damaging the abutments and the structure.
Protection by dampers:
- Longitudinally on abutments
- Transversally on the piers.
Longitudinal damper (F= 3000 kN; Stroke= 650 mm)
High Speed Train railway bridge of Ventabren in France.
Transversal Dampers (F= 500 kN; Stroke= 260 mm)
Aiton Highway A43 bridge in France.
Page 20
Let consider a bridge (4 spans, Length = 300m, Weight = 10000 t) to protect against a longitudinal earthquake
with the following data:
Soil type: EC8-B and PGA = 2m/s.
The deck is supported by 5 identical piers (P1 to P5) with a longitudinal stiffness: Kp = 300MN/m
If we put dampers in some piers, these units will dissipate a big part of
the seismic energy and therefore, reduce the forces in the fix pier
Dampers improvements
1 fixed pier =
no damper, no STU
Central Pier must resist at
17400 kN (shear Force)
With dampers:
1 fixed pier + 2 dampers
The dissipation of energy
allows to reduce the total
Force at 10375 kN
Page 21
Special Dampers for
RAILWAY BRIDGES
Douce-Hydro/Jarret Structures has developed a special unit designed to
react with three different behaviours:
1) Free movement with low velocity
2) Blocking during train braking, similar to a Shock Transmission Unit
function
3) Damping of the energy during blocking (earthquake), similar to a
damper function
These devices are adapted to be used in association with spherical pot
bearings.
Blocking
function
Free movement
Damping function
Special reaction dampers fixed on high speed bridge
in Greece.
Page 22
Dynamic Connectors
STU: Shock Transmission Units
Applications
Shock Transmission Units (STU) can be used for both steel and concrete structures.
They are disposed on cable stayed and suspension bridges in order to eliminate large displacements of the
deck during an earthquake. STU can equally be advised to elevate light rail structures as well as in bridge
parapets to share collision forces through an expansion joint. For other civil engineering structures such as
buildings, STU can provide additional rigidity in the frame structure. STU can also be used to strengthen
adjacent buildings during a seismic event.
The retrofit of existing steel truss railway bridges with STU can allow heavier trains and take the increasing
braking forces without a change to the substructure. STU can be made to strengthen supporting piers which
have been found inadequate due to increase in traction and braking forces, or which have sustained damage
caused by corrosion.
Shock Transmission Unit (F= 2250 kN, Stroke 100 mm)
AB 4500-100 for the Taiwan high speed train.
With STU:
1 fixed pier + 4 = 5 fixed piers
The 5 piers are connected
dynamically by blocking devices
(STU)
The shear force on the central pier is
7780 kN but the total force accepted
by all the structure is 38 900kN
1 fixed pier = no damper, no STU
Central Pier must resist at
17400kN (shear Force)
Page 23
The large global development of the technology for stay cables has created a need for
damping. Initial attempts to adapt commercial dampers failed to meet the specific
requirements of the bridge industry because they were not appropriate for bridges.
Douce-Hydro/Jarret Structures has developed a new generation of dampers in order to satisfy
the special requirement of damping stay cables.
Because long-term vibrations due to wind and rain create fatigue stress in the cables, the idea
is to offer a very reliable unit which is able to smoothly damp vibrations without creating any
additional stress to the structure.
Working Principle
The Douce-Hydros/Jarret Structures Cable Stay Dampers (CSD) works on the principle that
rapid passage of viscous fluid through a narrow orifice or port, generates high resistance,
which then dissipates a large amount of energy. The energy is dissipated in heat.
In order to avoid any possible leakage, the body of the unit is made of a single stainless steel
part. A piston head is moving through the viscous fluid, and the lamination of the fluid creates
the viscous damping. A special developed seal installed on the top of the body allows for the
long-term microscopic movement of the damper caused by the normal displacement of the
deck.
The behaviour law of the viscous damper is F= C.V