Combustion in

SI and Diesel Engines

October 13, 2014 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 1
Air motion in cylinder

What causes it?

How do we categorize it?

October 13, 2014 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 2
October 13, 2014 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 3
How does combustion start?
October 13, 2014 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 4
Ignition

Breakdown phase

Arc phase

Glow-discharge phase

How do we ignite the mixture?

What are the temperatures reached?

What is the energy reuired! supplied?

October 13, 2014 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 5
What are the stages o"
combustion in an #I engine?
October 13, 2014 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 6

$lame de%elopment

$lame propagation

$lame termination

What happens in each process?

October 13, 2014 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide
$lame de%elopment!
propagation
October 13, 2014 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide !
Rate of burning in an SI
engine
October 13, 2014 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide "
&raw the rate o" burning in
terms o" 'olume burnt %s(
)rank angle

Which has a steeper slope?

October 13, 2014 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 10
How long does each phase
take?

Ignition timing?

#tart o" combustion

*resence o" peak pressure

)oncept o" +B, timing

October 13, 2014 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 11
October 13, 2014 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 12
$lame #peed
October 13, 2014 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 13
+ain -missions

+a.or #pecies

+inor species
October 13, 2014 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 14
+B, ,iming
October 13, 2014 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 15
Abnormal combustion in #I
engines

/nock
#
Is constant %olume combustion
bene0cial??

*re-ignition
October 13, 2014 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 16
$actors a1ecting knock
October 13, 2014 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 1
$actors a1ecting knock

,emperature

*ressure

,ime

)omposition
October 13, 2014 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 1!
$actors a1ecting knock
#
)ompression 2atio! supercharging! inlet
air temperature! coolant temperature!
throttle opening! Ignition timing! -ngine
geometry
#
#peed! turbulence! $lame tra%el length
#
-ui%alence ratio! type o" "uel

3ctane rating4 5!5!6!-,rimethyl pentane 7 n-

heptane

+ethyl tert-butyl ether

tert-Amyl methyl ether

October 13, 2014 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 1"
)ombustion

https488www(youtube(com8watch?
%9&2#e::t;&u6
October 13, 2014 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 20
)ombustion chamber
reuirements
October 13, 2014 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 21
)ombustion chamber
reuirements

High pressures near start o" expansion

<ow or no knock
#
#hort =ame tra%el
#
#hort combustion time
# High turbulence
#
>o deposits

<ow heat loss

<ow restrictions on intake air =ow

+inimum contributions to pollutant "ormation

October 13, 2014 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 22
October 13, 2014 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 23
2icardo turbulent
combustion chamber engine

High turbulence at end o"

compression due to piston o1set

#couring o" mixture "rom combustion

chamber walls

<ess end gas! high sur"ace "or end

gas

#park plug located centrally! but

close to exhaust %al%e
October 13, 2014 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 24
October 13, 2014 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 25
Ad%antages o" o%erhead
%al%e engines

<ower pumping lossses! higher

%olumetric e?ciency

<ess =ame tra%el distance

<ess "orce on head bolts

Hot exhaust %al%e remo%ed "rom

block to head @AlA

<ower sur"ace to %olume ratio

<ower casting costs

October 13, 2014 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 26
Why are large engines
almost always diesel
engines?
October 13, 2014 I.C. Engines Laboratory Slide 2