Intheearlydecadesof theUnitedStates,theagrarianmovementpromotedthefarmer

associetyshero. Inthemindsof agrarianthinkersandwriters,thefarmer wasapersononwhosewell-beingthehealthof thenewcountrydepended.Theperiodbetweenthe

Revolution, whichendedin1783,andtheCivil War,whichendedin1865,wastheageof
(5)thefarmer intheUnitedStates.Agrarianphilosophers,representedmosteloquentlyby
ThomasJefferson, celebratedfarmersextravagantlyfor theirsupposedcentralityinagood
society, their political virtue,andtheir Superior morality.Andvirtuallyall policymakers, whether theysubscribedtothetenetsof thephilosophyheldbyJeffersonor not, recognizedagriculture
asthekeycomponentof theAmericaneconomy.Consequently,governmentat
(10) all levelsworkedtoencouragefarmersasasocial groupandagricultureaseconomic
enterprise.
Boththenational andstategovernmentsdevelopedtransportationinfrastructure,buildingcanals, roads, bridges, andrailroads,deepeningharbors,andremovingobstructionsfrom
navigablestreams.Thenational governmentimportedplantandanimal varietiesand
(15) launchedexploringexpeditionsintoprospectivefarmlandsintheWest.Inaddition,
governmenttradepoliciesfacilitatedtheexportingof agricultural products.
For theirpart,farmersseemedtomeetthesocial expectationsagrarianphilosophers
hadforthem,astheirbroaderhorizonsandgreater self-respect, bothproductsof theRevolution,werereflectedtosomedegreeintheir behavior.Farmersseemedtobecome
(20) morescientific,joiningagricultural societiesandreadingthefarmnewspapersthatsprang
upthroughoutthecountry.Theybeganusingimprovedimplements, triednewcropsand
pureanimal breeds,andbecamemorereceptivetomoderntheoriesof soil improvement.
Theyalsorespondedtoinducementsbynational andstategovernments.Farmers
streamedtotheWest,fillingfrontierlandswithstunningrapidity.Butfarmersresponded
(25) lesstotheexpectationsof agrariansandgovernmentinducementsthantogrowingmarketopportunities.Europeandemandfor foodfromtheUnitedStatesseemedinsatiable. War,
industrialization, andurbanizationall keptdemandhighinEurope. UnitedStatescities
andindustriesgrewaswell; evenindustriesnotdirectlyrelatedtofarmingthrivedbecause
of themarket,money,andlaborthatagricultureprovided.

12.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?
(a)Theagrarianphilosophyof ThomasJefferson
(b)Theroleof thenational governmentinthedevelopmentof agriculture
(c)Improvementsinfarmingtechniques
(d)Theimpactof theincreasedimportanceof thefarmer

13.Theworddepended inline3isclosestinmeaningto
(a)improved
(b)relied
(c)demanded
(d)explained

14.Theauthor mentionsThomasJeffersoninparagraph1asanexampleof
(a)aleaderduringtheRevolution
(b)aninventor of newfarmingtechniques
(c)aphilosopher whobelievedfarmerswereessential tothecreationof agoodsociety
(d)afarmer whoguidedtheagrarianmovementtowardanemphasisoneconomicdevelopment

15.Thephrasesubscribedto inline8isclosestinmeaningto
(a)contributedto
(b)agreedwith
(c)thoughtabout
(d)expandedon

16.Whichof thefollowingstatementsissupportedbytheinformationinparagraph1?
(a)All governmentpolicymakersacceptedJeffersonsviewsof agricultureandfarmers.
(b)Agricultural productiondeclinedbetween1783and1861.
(c)Themajorityof farmersworkedforthegovernment.
(d)Agriculturewasavital partof thenationseconomy.

17.Accordingtothepassage, thenational andstategovernmentsdidall of thefollowingEXCEPT
(a)buildroads
(b)importnewplantvarieties
(c)givefarmersmoneyfor their crops
(d)developpoliciesthathelpedfarmersexporttheir products

18.All of thefollowingarementionedasexamplesof farmers meetingtheexpectationsof agrarianphilosophersEXCEPT
(a)obtaininginformationfromfarmnewspapers
(b)accumulatingpersonal wealth
(c)plantingnewcrops
(d)becomingmorescientific

19.Thewordstunning inline24isclosestinmeaningto
(a)predictable
(b)impressive
(c)famous
(d)gradual

20.Whichof thefollowingstatementsisbestsupportedbyparagraph4?
(a)Agricultural developmentcontributedtodevelopmentinother partsof theeconomy.
(b)Europeanagricultural productswereof ahigher qualitythanthoseproducedintheUnitedStates.
(c)Thegrowingsettlementof theWestledtoadecreaseinagricultural production.
(d)Farmerswereinfluencedmorebygovernmentpoliciesthanbymarketopportunities.