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EDITOR
Loren Brown
Senior Engineer/Developer
CADWorx & Analysis Solutions
Intergraph Process, Power,& arine
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#/PES !% .!ADS
#e-perature, Displace-ents*
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CAESA4 II
WW 5Water78lle& Weight6
# 5#e-perature6, D 5Displace-ent6
$ 5$ni1or- .oa&s6
!PE 0 !perating
S$S 0 Sustaine&
E9P 0 Expansion
!CC 0 !ccasional
2/D 0 2y&rotest
%A# 7 %atigue
.oa& Case De8nition
Exa-ples)
:aps in restraints
%riction
.arge7rotation ro&s
+i7linear 4estraints
%orce vs* Distance in "onlinear
4estraints
Exa-ple ;) #; 5E9P6
This is how the line is modeled in
Caesar II. The gaps are equal on
both sides of the pipe. No loads are
yet applied.
The thermal forces have closed
the gap on the right side.
.@ < #; 5E9P6
#otal Displace-ent 1or #; 5E9P6 < ; x :ap
Exa-ple >) .; 0 .> 5E9P6
.> < W=P; 5S$S6
.; < W=P;=#;
5!PE6
Weight has caused the pipe to close
the gap to the left. This can happen
when the pipe pivots about a
different restraint.
Operating conditions have caused
the pipe to close the gap to the
right, even against the weight force
trying to hold it on the left.
Exa-ple > 5conCt6
Alge'raic)
Scalar)
Displace-ent
%orce
Stress