Brand KG Campbell AD 2014 In-Context and Ecology Immersion UIA2014Durban Pp1332-1343-Libre

PROCEEDINGS
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CONGRESS
EDlTDR
Amira Dsman
Cerhard Bruyns
Clinlcn Aigbavbca
CDMPlLATlDN
Kerry Firmani
DESlCN AND LAYDUT
Carlh Walker
Hein icnker
PUBLlSHER
UlA 2014 Durban
UlA 2014 Durban
lSBN 978-0-86970-783-8
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UIA2014 DURBAN Archi tecture OTHERWHERE
UIA 2014 DURBAN PROGRAMME PARTNERS AND GUEST EDITORS
The UlA 2014 Prcgramme Parlners have been inslrumenlal in expanding lhe sccpe cf lhe UlA 2014
Ccngress. These parlnerships aim lc use lhe evenl as a plalfcrm fcr furlhering ccnversalicns arcund
lhe Ccngress lhemes and perlinenl buill envircnmenl issues. They have lherefcre been inilialed
wilh a parlicular fccus cn enhancing and suppcrling lhe academic aspecls cf lhe Ccngress. These
ccllabcralicns have been planned lc fl seamlessly inlc lhe main UlA 2014 evenl and lhe synergy
belween lhe evenl and lhe Prcgramme Parlners has been crucial lc lhe develcpmenl cf lhe Ccngress
Prcgramme and Ccnlenl.
The Prcgramme Parlners have alsc acled as adviscrs lc lhe Ceneral Repcrler and edilcrs fcr lhe
varicus seclicns cf lhe Abslracl and Prcceedings Bccks. The cccrdinalcrs in lhese parlnerships are
lisled as fcllcws:
Angus Dcnald Campbell, Senicr Leclurer in lnduslrial Design, Facully cf Arls, Design and Archileclure,
Universily cf ichanesburg
Anna Rubbc, Research Schclar, Cenler fcr Suslainable Urban Develcpmenl, Cclumbia Universily
Ariane ianse van Rensburg, Senicr leclurer, Schccl cf Archileclure and Planning, Universily cf lhe
Wilwalersrand, ichannesburg
Cecff Abbcll, Research Archilecl, Buill Envircnmenl Unil, Ccuncil fcr Scienlifc and lnduslrial Research
Happy Ralna Sanlcsa, Prcfesscr in Archileclure, Head cf lhe Labcralcry cf Hcusing and Human
Selllemenls, lnslilul Teknclcgi Sepuluh Ncpember, lndcnesia
iennifer van Den Bussche, Prc|ecl Manager, Clcbal Sludic and Direclcr, Slicky Silualicns
iia Beisi, Asscciale Prcfesscr cf Archileclure, Universily cf Hcng Kcng
Marlha Kchen, Prcfesscr, Schccl cf Archileclure, Universily cf Flcrida
Nancy Clark, Asscciale Prcfesscr and Head cf Craduale Prcgrams, Schccl cf Archileclure, Universily
cf Flcrida
Naude Malan, Senicr Leclurer, Develcpmenl Sludies, Universily cf ichanesburg
Pela de iager, Research Crcup Leader, Archileclural Engineering Research Crcup, Buill Envircnmenl
Unil, Ccuncil fcr Scienlifc and lnduslrial Research
Rcdney Harber, Principal, Rcdney Harber and Asscciales
Shin Murakami, Prcfesscr, Deparlmenl cf Human Envircnmenl, Sugiyama icgakuen Universily, iapan
Slephen Kendall, Emerilus Prcfesscr cf Archileclure, Ball Slale Universily
Tariq Tcffa, Execulive Manager, Sccial Hcusing Fccus Trusl (SHiFT) and Leclurer, Facully cf Arls,
Design and Archileclure, Universily cf ichanesburg
Terence Fenn, Leclurer, Mullimedia, Facully cf Arls, Design and Archileclure, Universily cf ichanesburg
Yusuf Palel, Execulive Direclcr, Basil Read and Presidenl, Sculh African Planning lnslilule (SAPl)
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UIA 2014 DURBAN SAIA-APPOINTED SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE: CORE MEMBERS AND ADVISORS
Amira Dsman, Asscciale Prcfesscr, Archileclure, Universily cf ichannesburg and UlA Ceneral Repcrler
is a Nalicnal Research Fcundalicn (NRF) raled researcher and SACAP-regislered Prcfessicnal
Archilecl. As lhe UlA 2014 Ceneral Repcrler, she heads lhe Scienlifc Ccmmillee which has a ccre
leam appcinled by lhe Sculh African lnslilule cf Archilecls (SAlA). This ccre leam have acled as
adviscrs in lhe academic prccess:
Mckena Makeka, Direclcr, Makeka Design Lab, Fcunder cf The Museum cf Design lnncvalicn
Leadership & Arl, Sculh Africa (McDlLA) and Ad|uncl Prcfesscr, CSAPP Cclumbia Universily New Ycrk
and Residenl Equily Schclar, Schccl cf Archileclure and Planning, Universily cf lhe Wilwalersrand.
Hillcn iudin, Archilecl and Curalcr, Cchen & iudin Archilecls and Ad|uncl Prcfesscr, Schccl cf
Archileclure & Planning, Universily cf lhe Wilwalersrand, Curalcr, blank_archileclure aparlheid and
afler.
Mphelhi Mcrc|ele, Dwner and Fcunder, MMA Design Sludic, ichannesburg and Leclurer, Universily
cf Wilwalersrand and Curalcr, Sculh African exhibilicn, lnlernalicnal Archileclure Exhibilicn cf lhe
venice Biennale and al lhe RlBA, pasl Presidenl cf lhe Cauleng lnslilule cf Archilecls.
UIA 2014 DURBAN GENERAL REPORTER-APPOINTED SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE: MEMBERS AND
EDITORS
The UlA 2014 Durban Ceneral Repcrler has appcinled lhree pecple lc lhe UlA 2014 Scienlifc
Ccmmillee, lwc cf whcm are lhe edilcrs cf lhe Scienlifc Ccmmillee publicalicns:
Cerhard Bruyns is Assislanl Prcfesscr cf Envircnmenl and lnlericr Design, Schccl cf Design, Hcng
Kcng Pclylechnic Universily and Execulive Team member cf lhe lnlernalicnal Fcrum cn Urbanism
(lFDU), Scienlifc Bcard Member cf lhe African Sludies Cenlre, Leiden and ccllabcralcr wilh CP,
Arquileclura, Urbanismc, lnvesligacicn. He was previcusly al lhe Facully cf Archileclure, Delfl
Universily cf Technclcgy's [TU Delfl].
Clinlcn Aigbavbca, Deparlmenl cf Ccnslruclicn Managemenl and Duanlily Surveying, Universily cf
ichannesburg, hclds a maslers' degree in Ccnslruclicn Managemenl and a PhD degree in Engineering
Managemenl. He is a well published researcher. He is currenlly lhe edilcr cf lhe icurnal cf Ccnslruclicn
Prc|ecl Managemenl and lnncvalicn.
UIA 2014 DURBAN SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE
Ahmed vawda, Andrew Makin, Bridgel Hcrner, Eric Ncir, Ceci Karuri-Sebina, Cecrge Kunihirc (UlA
Regicn lv), ianina Masc|ada, iean Bcscc Tcd|incu (UlA Regicn v), icc, Belc Rcdeia, icnalhan Edkins,
Karel Bakker, Linda Mampuru, Lucianc Lazzari (UlA Regicn l), Mcleleki Frank Ledimc, Nceleen Murray,
Phil Mashabane, Rcdney Harber, Rcger Schlunlz (UlA Regicn lll), Zeynep Ahunbay (UlA Regicn ll)
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UIA 2014 DURBAN ORGANISATION COMMITTEE
Hassan Asmal, Karen Eicker, Amira Dsman, Peler du Trevcu, ian Ras, Trish Emmell, Nina Saunders,
Dberl Chakarisa, Fanuel Mclsepe, Dhaneshwar Basdew, iean iacques Kcllc, viclcr Miguel.
UIA 2014 DURBAN SCIENTIFIC PROGRAMME SUPPORT
The UlA 2014 Ceneral Repcrler was suppcrled by Cill Slaughler, Kerry Flrmani (bclh frcm Turners
Ccnferences) and Ncmfundc Nxumalc, Nikila Andrews (bclh appcinled assislanls lc lhe Ceneral
Repcrler). They were inslrumenlal lc lhe success cf lhe prccess.
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UIA 2014 DURBAN CONGRESS PROCEEDINGS
PubIisher UIA 214 DUPBAN
UIA 214 DUPBAN
ISBN 97--697-73-
UIA 214 DUPBAN CDNCPESS PPDCEEDINCS
a) All righls reserved. Nc parl cf lhis publicalicn may be reprcduced in any fcrm wilhcul lhe
wrillen permissicn cf lhe ccpyrighl hclder.
b) Applicalicns fcr lhe ccpyrighl hclder's wrillen permissicn lc reprcduce any parls cf lhis
publicalicn shculd be addressed lc lhe UlA 2014 Drganisalicn Ccmmillee.
c) Nc respcnsibilily is assumed by lhe publishers cr lhe aulhcrs cf individual papers fcr any
damage lc prcperly cr perscns as a resull cf cperalicn cr use cf lhis publicalicn and/cr lhe
infcrmalicn enclcsed herein.
d) The views expressed in lhis publicalicn are ncl necessarily lhcse cf lhe publishers and edilcrs,
neilher dc lhey endcrse cr guaranlee any claims made by lhe aulhcrs cf lhe UlA 2014 abslracls
and prcceedings. The reader shculd lherefcre verify lhe applicabilily cf lhe infcrmalicn cr
parlicular silualicns and check lhe references pricr lc any reliance lhereupcn.
DISCLAIMEP
While every effcrl is made lc ensure accuracy in lhis publicalicn, lhe publishers and edilcrs make nc
represenlalicn, express cr implied, wilh regard lc lhe accuracy cf lhe infcrmalicn ccnlained in lhese
prcceedings and canncl accepl any legal respcnsibilily cr liabilily in whcle cr in parl fcr any errcrs cr
cmissicns lhal may be made.
DECLAPATIDN
All lhe full papers published in lhis bcck were dcuble-blind, peer-reviewed by lhe UlA 2014 Panel cf
Reviewers. This prccess enlailed delailed reading cf lhe abslracls, repcrling cf ccmmenls lc aulhcrs,
mcdifcalicn cf abslracls by lhe aulhcrs, ediling by lhe UlA 2014 Edilcrs as well as lhe UlA 2014
Prcgramme Parlners. All full papers were ccpy ediled. The aulhcrs cf submilled abslracls (lhcse
lhal were accepled by lhe reviewers) were furlher inviled lc submil full papers fcr ccnsideralicn fcr
lhe UlA 2014 Durban Prcceedings Bcck. ll is cnly lhe full papers in lhe UlA 2014 Durban Ccngress
Prcceedings lhal have successfully been accepled lhrcugh lhe lwc-liered, dcuble-blind, peer-
reviewed prccess. ll is impcrlanl lc read lhe seclicn cn Calegcries cf Parlicpalicn al UlA 2014 Durban
lc beller undersland lhis prccess.
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UIA 2014 DURBAN PROGRAMME PARTNERS AND GUEST EDITORS 4
UIA 2014 DURBAN SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE: CORE MEMBERS AND ADVISORS 5
UIA 2014 DURBAN SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE: MEMBERS AND EDITORS 5
UIA 2014 DURBAN SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE 5
UIA 2014 DURBAN ORGANISATION COMMITTEE 6
UIA 2014 DURBAN SCIENTIFIC PROGRAMME SUPPORT 6
UIA 2014 CONGRESS PROCEEDINGS 7
A WORD FROM THE EDITORS 9
INTRODUCTION TO THE UIA 2014 DURBAN CONGRESS PROCEEDINGS 10
THE PEER REVIEW PROCESS 10
UIA 2014 CATEGORIES OF PARTICIPATION FOR AUTHORS AND PRESENTERS 11
UIA 2014 DURBAN PANEL OF REVIEWERS 11
PART 1 : RESILIENCE 24
PART 2 : ECOLOGY 251
PART 3 : VALUES 489
PART 4 : ARCHITECTURE EDUCATION FORUM 691
PART 5 : CIB W104 OPEN BUILDING IMPLEMENTATION 745
PART 6 : CIB W110 INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS AND AFFORDABLE HOUSING 1077
PART 7 : DESIGN SOCIETY DEVELOPMENT (DSD) 1319
PART 8 : GLOBAL STUDIO 1475
PART 9 : SOUTH AFRICAN PLANNING INSTITUTE (SAPI) 1618
PART 10 : THE PUBLIC HEALTH GROUP (UIA PHG) 1728
PART 11 : THE SOCIAL HOUSING FOCUS TRUST (SHIFT) 1883
PART 12 : URBAN WATERWAYS 2046
AUTHORS INDEX 2103
CONGRESS SPONSORS 2117
CONGRESS SUPPORTERS AND MEDIA PARTNERS 2118
TABLE OF CONTENTS
&
A WORD FROM THE EDITORS
The respcnse lc lhe frsl and seccnd calls fcr lhe UlA 2014 Scienilifc Paper Prccess was cverwhelming.
We received a lclal cf 554 abslracl submissicns and, cnce we launched lhe call fcr full paper
submissicns based cn lhe culccme cf lhe abslracl review prccess, we received 270 drafl full papers.
This means lhal we have ccmpleled a lclal cf 1108 abslracl reviews and 540 full paper reviews. This
mammclh lask wculd simply ncl have been pcssible wilhcul lhe ccmmilmenl, prcfessicnalism and
suppcrl cf lhe UlA 2014 Panel cf Reviewers, 87 academics and prcfessicnals, whc vclunleered lheir
services lc ensure lhe success cf lhe prccess. We wculd like salule lheml
We ackncwledge lhe UlA 2014 Durban Prcgramme Parlners and lhe impcrlanl rcle lhey have played
in making sure lhal whal we deliver is relevanl and cf a gccd qualily. And we alsc ackncwledge lhe
fnancial suppcrl we have received frcm lhe Sculh African Ccuncil fcr lhe Archileclural Prcfessicn
(SACAP).
The prccess we fcllcwed has guaranleed lhe academic qualily cf whal is delivered al lhe Ccngress
and whal is published in lhe prcceedings. All abslracls have been dcuble blind, peer-reviewed.
Aulhcrs cf accepled abslracls were inviled lc submil full papers, which were alsc being dcuble, blind,
peer-reviewed. This is lc ccmply wilh lhe requiremenls fcr subsidy and accredilalicn by lhe Sculh
African Deparlmenl cf Higher Educalicn cf Sculh Africa. This prccess demands a rigcrcus peer review
prccess by nc less lhan lwc ackncwledged experls in lhe feld is lc be fcllcwed fcr all abslracls and
papers submilled.
ln lhis bcck, we presenl ycu wilh lhe UlA 2014 DURBAN CDNCRESS PRDCEEDlNCS. All included
papers were dcuble-blind, peer-reviewed. This prccess enlailed delailed reading cf lhe abslracls/
full papers, repcrling cf ccmmenls lc aulhcrs, mcdifcalicn cf abslracls/full papers by lhe aulhcrs,
ediling by lhe UlA 2014 Edilcrs as well as lhe UlA 2014 Prcgramme Parlners. All full papers were
ccpy ediled. ll is cnly lhe full papers in lhe UlA 2014 Durban Prcceedings Bcck (digilally available)
lhal have successfully been accepled lhrcugh lhe ccmplele lwc-liered, dcuble-blind, peer-reviewed
prccess.
The prcceedings bcck seclicns are based cn lhe UlA 2014 Durban sub-lhemes cf RESlLlENCE,
ECDLDCY and vALUES as well as lhe lhemes cf lhe 9 Prcgramme Parlners. The aulhcrs selecled
lhe lhemes and Prcgramme Parlners as parl cf lheir submissicn prccess. The Ceneral Repcrler, and
her assislanls, in ccnsullalicn wilh lhe Edilcrs and lhe Prcgramme Parlners may have made scme
ad|uslmenls lc acccmmcdale lcpics in lheir apprcpriale slcls. Hcwever, lhe calegcries were mcslly
as lhe aulhcrs inilially selecled.
This bcck musl be ccnsidered as a parl cf lhe whcle sel cf UlA 2014 PUBLlCATlDNS, prinled and
digilal.
We hcpe ycu fnd value and inspiralicn in whal UlA 2014 Durban has lc cffer ycu.
UlA 2014 EDlTDRS
Amira Dsman, Cerhard Bruyns, CIintcn Aigbavbca
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INTRODUCTION THE UIA 2014 DURBAN CONGRESS PROCEEDINGS: HOW TO USE THIS BOOK
This Prcceedings Bcck needs lc be read in ccn|unclicn wilh lhe UlA 2014 Durban Prcgramme
Bcck, lhe UlA 2014 Durban Dlherwhere Cuide and lhe UlA 2014 Durban Exhibilcr's Cuide as well
as lhe digilal publicalicns, lhe UlA 2014 Prcceedings Bcck and lhe UlA 2014 lnlernalicnal Sludenl
Ccmpelilicn Bcck.
The academic paper sessicns are presenled in parallel sessicns al lhe Ccngress venue, lhe lnkcsi
Alberl Lulhuli lnlernalicnal Ccnvenlicn Cenlre (lCC) in Durban and lhe Ccngress aclivilies will be
delivered in 38 venues. This Ccnvenlicn Cenlre ccmplex includes lhe Durban Exhibilicn Cenlre (DEC)
and Walnul Rcad lhal separales il frcm lhe lCC and which will be clcsed during lhe evenl. Walnul
Rcad will be cccupied" by sludenls and varicus clher prcgrammes. ll will alsc have a Mussallah
(prayer space) fcr Muslim delegales, scme lraders frcm Warwick and clher archileclural and arlisl
inlervenlicns. The Prcgramme Bcck cffers basic and impcrlanl infcrmalicn fcr delegales lc navigale
lheir way lhrcugh lhe prcgramme and venues.
THE PEER REVIEW PROCESS
Because cf lhe need lc mainlain and assure lhe qualily cf lhe ccnference prcceedings, and lc ccmply
wilh lhe requiremenls fcr subsidy cf lhe Sculh African Deparlmenl cf Higher Educalicn, a rigcrcus
lwc-slage peer review prccess by nc less lhan lwc ackncwledged experls in lhe feld was fcllcwed. ln
lhis ccnlexl, each abslracl received was lwice blind reviewed in lerms cf:
! Relevance lc ccnference lheme and cb|eclives,
! Driginalily cf malerial,
! Academic rigcur,
! Ccnlribulicn lc kncwledge, and
! Research melhcdclcgy
Aulhcrs whcse abslracls were accepled afler lhe slage cne review prccess was ccmpleled were
prcvided wilh ancnymcus reviewers' ccmmenls and requesled lc submil lheir full papers ncling and
addressing lhese ccmmenls. Evidence was required relalive lc lhe aclicn laken by aulhcrs regarding
lhe ccmmenls received. These resubmilled papers were lwice blind reviewed again in lerms cf:
! Relevance lc ccnference lheme and cb|eclives,
! Driginalily cf malerial,
! Academic rigcur,
! Ccnlribulicn lc kncwledge,
! Research melhcdclcgy and rcbuslness cf analysis cf fndings,
! Empirical research fndings, and
! Crilical currenl lileralure review.
Aulhcrs whcse papers were accepled afler lhis seccnd review were prcvided wilh addilicnal ancnymcus
reviewers' ccmmenls and requesled lc submil lheir revised full papers. These fnal papers were cnly
included in lhe ccnference presenlalicn prcgramme and lhe ccnference prcceedings afler evidence
was prcvided lhal all ccmmenls were apprcprialely respcnded lc, having been dcuble peer-reviewed
fcr publicalicn. Al nc slage was any member cf lhe Scienlifc and Technical Ccmmillee cr lhe edilcr
cf lhe prcceedings invclved in lhe review prccess relaled lc lheir cwn aulhcred cr cc-aulhcred papers.
The rcle cf lhe edilcrs was lc ensure lhal lhe fnal papers inccrpcraled lhe reviewers' ccmmenls and
arrange lhe papers inlc lhe fnal sequence as caplured cn lhe Table cf Ccnlenls, prinled and digilal
dccumenls. Df lhe 554 abslracls criginally received, cnly 270 papers were accepled fcr inclusicn in
lhe prcceedings, represenling a re|eclicn rale cf 51%. Tc be eligible fcr inclusicn lhese papers were
required lc receive a minimum sccre cf 3 cul cf 5 allccaled by lhe peer reviewers during lhe fnal
review prccess. Where lhere were ccnficls belween lhe grades and ccmmenls by lhe 2 assigned
reviewers, lhe Ceneral Repcrler was assisled by lhe lwc Edilcrs and made lhe fnal decisicn as lc
whal gcl included in lhe abslracl and in lhe prcceedings bccks.
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UIA 2014 CATEGORIES OF PARTICIPATION FOR AUTHORS AND PRESENTERS
There were varicus idenlifed calegcries cf parlicipalicn fcr aulhcrs al UlA 2014 Durban. These are
as fcllcws:
a) ABSTRACT PUBLlCATlDN AND PRESENTATlDN. This grcup cf parlicipanls were nclifed
cf acceplance cf lheir abslracls. The abslracl is published in lhe BDDK DF ABSTRACTS
and a lime slcl is prcvided in lhe DFFlClAL CDNCRESS PRDCRAMME fcr presenlalicn in
a lhemalically relevanl parallel scienlifc presenlalicn slream. All aulhcr lhal failed lc
submil a full paper, bul were lhe lcpic was ccnsidered relevanl lc lhe Ccngress lheme, were
aulcmalically ccnsidered fcr lhis cplicn based cn lhe culccme cf lhe abslracl review prccess.
Where a full paper was submilled, bul ncl accepled fcr publicalicn in lhe prcceedings, lhe
abslracl was alsc aulcmalically ccnsidered fcr lhis cplicn.
b) FULL PAPER PUBLlCATlDN AND PRESENTATlDN. This grcup cf parlicipanls submilled full
papers fcr review and lhe papers will have been deemed ccmpelenl fcr inclusicn in bclh lhe
BDDK DF ABSTRACTS as well as lhe CDNCRESS PRDCEEDlNCS (digilal publicalicn cnly). The
aulhcr, in lhis case, was alsc allccaled a lime slcl in lhe DFFlClAL CDNCRESS PRDCRAMME.
c) SPEClAL PRESENTATlDNS. There will be a number cf special sessicns wilhin specialised
FDCUS AREAS. ln scme cases lhe aulhcrs/presenlers will be advised by lhe UlA 2014 Ceneral
Repcrler lc presenl wilhin lhese special sessicns. The requiremenls and publicalicn cplicns
were discussed cn a case-by-case basis. Scme full papers were ccnsidered impcrlanl and/
cr signifcanl bul did ncl meel lhe requiremenls fcr lhe prcceedings dccumenl. These are
published in a special publicalicn digilally available.
All submilled and published abslracls and papers had lc adhere lc a prescribed fcrmal prcvided
lhrcugh a dccumenl lilled: UlA 2014 lNSTRUCTlDNS FDR AUTHDRS.
UIA 2014 DURBAN PANEL OF REVIEWERS
Zeynep Ahunbay
Zeynep Ahunbay sludied archileclure al lslanbul Technical Universily (1965-1970). She is a prcfesscr
al lhe Facully cf Archileclure lTU since 1988, lecluring cn ccnservalicn lechniques fcr hislcric
buildings and siles, lradilicnal building lypes, reuse cf hislcric buildings, ccnservalicn cf Wcrld
Herilage siles, ccnducls sludics cn ccnservalicn design. She has publicalicns cn lhe ccnservalicn cf
cullural herilage, Cullural Herilage cf Turkey, lslanbul and Dllcman Archileclure.
KareI Bakker
Prcf Karel Bakker (PhD) is currenlly lhe head cf Archileclure al lhe Universily cf Prelcria. He is invclved
in lhe pedagcgy cf Design, Hislcry cf hislcric African Envircnmenls, Herilage in many fcrmals cf
undergraduale and pcsl graduale levels, as well as in lhe inlernalicnal arena. He has published widely
and perfcrmed al many inlernalicnal academic evenls.
Jchn BeIIc
l gradualed frcm Ahmadu Bellc Universily in 1979 wilh an MSc (Archileclure) and cblained my
praclice license in 1982, wilh lhe regislralicn ncs F530. My praclice is called Prc|ecl Design Asscciale
(PDA), regislered in 1992. l have ccncenlraled my praclice cn design cf buildings and infraslruclural
facililies fcr higher educalicn.
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Jhcnc Bennett
ihcnc Bennell cblained a Masler's Degree in Archileclure wilh Design dislinclicn frcm lhe Universily
cf Prelcria, Sculh Africa (2011). He ccmpleled his undergraduale educalicn in Archileclure al
lhe Universily cf Kwa-Zulu Nalal wilh a supplemenled semesler abrcad al lhe Carllcn Universily,
Dllawa, Canada. ihcnc currenlly wcrks al lhe Universily cf ichannesburg as a parl-lime leclurer and
lndependenl Researcher while managing lhe cperalicns cf 1:1 Agency cf Engagemenl
Pcbertc BcIcgna
Prcfesscr Rcberlc is Direclcr cf lhe masler's degree in Archileclure al lhe Universily cf Flcrence. He
has reviewed ccunlless papers fcr lhe lnlernalicnal icurnal cf Resilience and lhe Buill Envircnmenl
and Disasler''.
Puzica Bczcvic Stamencvic
Asscciale prcfesscr Ruzica Bczcvic Slamencvic, Ph.D. is an award winning archilecl, researcher and
educalcr ccncurrenlly leaching al Universily cf Belgrade and Nalicnal Universily cf Singapcre (2000-
2012). She is alsc Facully Fellcw cf Cenler fcr Heallh Syslems and Design, Texas A&M Universily
and lecluring inlernalicnally cn heallh driven design. The lhecry cf Human Ecclcgy, heallh-space and
lheir inlerccnneclivily is al lhe ccre cf her leaching and research inleresls.
Christina Breed
lda Breed is regislered as a Prcfessicnal Landscape Archilecl (SACLAP, 2006). She has pracliced in
many spheres cf landscape archileclure in lhe pasl decade. Her research includes urban elhncgraphy
and urban ecclcgy wilh fccus cn ccnlexlual envircnmenlal and cullural suilabilily in design
applicalicns.
Cerhard Bruyns
Cerhard Bruyns is Assislanl Prcfesscr cf Archileclure and Pcsl Craduale design inslruclcr al lhe
Facully cf Archileclure, TU Delfl. He hclds a bclh design relaled PhD and MSc degrees frcm lhe Delfl
Universily cf Technclcgy. He has leclured al a number cf Archileclure Schccls [visiling Prcfesscr al
DlA] and has acled as a |ury member al varicus universilies in Sculh Africa, Chile, Asia and lhe Uniled
Slales.
Angus DcnaId CampbeII
Angus Dcnald Campbell is a qualifed induslrial and prcducl designer wilh cver a decade cf universily
lecluring, research and freelance design experience. His research and design inleresls fccus cn design
and lechnclcgy fcr suslainable develcpmenl wilhin lhe Sculh African ccnlexl and are evidenced
lhrcugh mulliple publicalicns, ccnference papers and pcslgraduale sludenl supervisicn. His Maslers
in lnduslrial Design (2003) was fccused cn African slyle in prcducl design and fcregrcunded his
currenl lrans disciplinary Dcclcrale in Develcpmenl Sludies explcring inncvalicn and adaplalicn cf
lechnclcgy by small-scale urban farmers in ichannesburg.
Marianne de KIerk
Marianne de Klerk is an archilecl and urban designer whc has wcrked fcr sevenleen years cn a wide
range cf prc|ecls in Sculh Africa, lhe Uniled Slales, and Asia. She brings a mullidisciplinary apprcach
lc her praclice wilh prc|ecls ranging frcm regicnal and urban revilalisalicn inilialives lc individual
buildings and infraslruclure crienlaled urban redevelcpmenl slralegies. Her designs endeavcur lc
balance lhe develcpmenl, reslcralicn and prcleclicn cf Sensilive envircnmenlal siles, brcwnfelds
and cullural landscapes.
Pcmanda DeI Ncrd
Since 1991 he has been head cf TESlS, an inler-universily research cenler cn syslems and lechnclcgies
fcr heallhcare archileclure, lhal galhers lhe Universily cf Flcrence and cf 'La Sapienza' Universily in
Rcme. He wcrks wilh lhe Deparlmenl cf Educalicn, Universily and Research lc defne slandards and
mcdels used in delermining lhe building needs fcr schccls and universilies. He was head cf research
fcr lhe prc|ecl 'Design crileria fcr lhe humanizalicn cf hcspilal facililies', cn behalf cf lhe Deparlmenl
cf Heallh
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'*
Chrisna Du PIessis
Chrisna du Plessis is Asscciale Prcfesscr al lhe Deparlmenl cf Ccnslruclicn Eccncmics, Universily cf
Prelcria where she is currenlly leading a research prcgramme cn resilienl and regeneralive cilies and
lecluring cn suslainable ccnslruclicn. She is alsc currenlly Theme Cccrdinalcr fcr lhe lnlernalicnal
Ccuncil cn Research and lnncvalicn (ClB) Pricrily Theme Suslainable Ccnslruclicn. Her research
inleresls fccus al bclh a lhecrelical and lechnclcgical level cn lhe principles and guiding framewcrks
fcr lhe praclices cf suslainable ccnslruclicn and human selllemenl develcpmenl as infcrmed by
urban suslainabilily science.
Lcuis Du PIessis
Lcuis sludied bclh undergraduale and pcslgraduale degrees in Archileclure al lhe Universily cf Kwa-
Zulu Nalal, where amcngsl clher achievemenls, he received lcp hcncrs in lhe pcsl-graduale ccurse
cf Ecclcgical Rescurce Managemenl. Subsequenl lc gradualing wilh an M. Arch in 2008, Lcuis has
been wcrking in privale praclice in Durban fcr a frm fccusing cn ccmmunily, sccial hcusing and
gcvernmenlal prc|ecls. While wcrking in privale praclice, he has been lecluring archileclure parl lime
al his alma maler since 2009, fccusing cn lhe undergraduale design sludic and Hislcry cf Archileclure.
Abbas EImuaIim
Dr Elmualim is a senicr leclurer and cccrdinales lhe wcrk cf lhe Suslainable Design and FM lnfcrmalics
Research Crcup wilhin lhe Schccl in addilicn lc lhe FM Research Crcup lhal he cc-eslablished six years
agc ccnducling research in varicus sccic-lechnical aspecls cf digilal lechnclcgy and suslainabilily
wilhin an FM ccnlexl. Dr Elmualim research wcrk has been widely published in varicus |curnals (30
papers) and has presenled al varicus nalicnal and inlernalicnal ccnferences (mcre lhan 70 papers).
His currenl research fccuses cn lhe develcpmenl cf inlegralive apprcaches lc design, ccnslruclicn and
facililies managemenl wilh parlicular inleresl in suslainabilily and digilal lechnclcgies viewed frcm a
brcad sccic-lechnical syslems perspeclive and seek lc ccmbine engineering research melhcdclcgies
wilh lhcse derived frcm lhe sccial sciences.
FideIis Emuze
Fidelis is presenlly a Senicr Leclurer in lhe Deparlmenl cf Buill Envircnmenl al lhe Cenlral Universily
cf Technclcgy, Free Slale. His qualifcalicns include a Nalicnal Diplcma in Civil Engineering, a Higher
Nalicnal Diplcma in Civil Engineering, and an MSc in lhe Buill Envircnmenl wilh specialisalicn in
Ccnslruclicn Managemenl as well as a PhD in Ccnslruclicn Managemenl. Fidelis has published
widely in icurnals and presenled papers al ccnferences in Africa, Eurcpe, Sculh America, Asia and
Auslralasia.
Tiziana Ferrante
Archilecl, PhD and Prcfesscr cf Archileclural Technclcgy cf lhe Sapienza" Universily cf Rcme,
ccnducls leaching and research aclivilies fcr lhe Planning, Design, Archileclural Technclcgy"
Deparlmenl. Since 1991 has been carrying cul sludies, research and experimenlalicn in lhe feld
cf planning and design cf heallhcare and sccial inclusicn facililies, sub|ecl cf numercus papers and
publicalicns. Speaker al nalicnal and inlernalicnal ccnferences, ccnsullanl cn inslilulicnal ccmmillees
fcr lhe evalualicn cf prc|ecls, ccllabcraled in lhe develcpmenl cf guidelines and lechnical slandards.
Martin Fiset
Marlin Fisel is an archilecl wilh cver fcrly years cf experience in heallh care facililies planning and
design. He has wcrked as a ccnsullanl, design archilecl and prc|ecl manager cn numercus prc|ecls
acrcss Canada, lhe Uniled Slales and abrcad. Mr. Fisel hclds a Bachelcr cf Archileclure degree frcm
lhe Universile de Mcnlreal and a Masler cf Archileclure degree in Heallh Facililies Design frcm Texas
A&M Universily
Avi Friedman
Dr. Avi Friedman received his Bachelcr's degree in Archileclure and Tcwn Planning frcm lhe lsrael
lnslilule cf Technclcgy, his Masler's Degree frcm McCill Universily, and his Dcclcrale frcm lhe
Universily cf Mcnlreal. Avi is kncwn fcr his hcusing inncvalicn and in parlicular fcr lhe Crcw Hcme
and Nexl Hcme designs. He is lhe aulhcr cf 14 bccks and was a syndicaled cclumnisl fcr lhe CanWesl
Chain cf daily newspapers. ln lhe year 2000 he was selecled by Wallpaper magazine as 1 cf 10 pecple
frcm arcund lhe wcrld mcsl likely lc change lhe way we live."
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'!
Tcny Fry
Tcny Fry is a design lhecrisl, award winning designer and Prcfesscr cf Design Fulures, Crifflh
Universily, Brisbane wcrking in Auslralia and inlernalicnally. Tcny is lhe aulhcr cf len bccks and
is currenlly ccmpleling a bcck cn 'The Fulure cf Cilies in lhe Age cf a Changing Climale'. He is
alsc direclcr cf suslainabilily ccnsullancy Team D/E/S, was lhe fcunding direclcr cf lhe EccDesign
Fcundalicn, Sydney (1991-2001) and as such wcrked fcr gcvernmenl and lhe privale seclcr.
Pcb Ceraedts
Prcf. Rcb Ceraedls is cc-fcunder and member cf lhe inlernalicnal ClB Wcrking Crcup W104 Dpen
Building lmplemenlalicn since 1996 and Asscciale Prcfesscr cf Design & Ccnslruclicn Managemenl
in lhe Facully cf Archileclure al lhe Delfl Universily cf Technclcgy, The Nelherlands. His research
feld is Dpen Building: lhe fexibilily cr adaplabilily cf lhe prcducl (buildings), lhe fexibilily cf lhe
prccess (design & ccnslruclicn), and lhe lransfcrmalicn cf vacanl buildings inlc new funclicns, lc
meel lhe ccnlinucusly changing user demands.
Suzette Crace
Suzelle Crace hclds qualifcalicns in archileclure, business leadership, pclilics and philcscphy. She's
alsc laughl archileclure al Ui fcr 3 decades.
Pcdney Harber
Prcfesscr Rcdney Harber gradualed frcm lhe Universily cf Nalal in 1965 and afler fve years in praclice
began leaching in lhe Schccl cf Archileclure, Planning and Hcusing al lhe Universily cf Nalal (ncw
Universily cf Kwa Zulu Nalal). He laughl in all lhree disciplines during his lhirly six years befcre
reliring as Asscciale Prcfesscr. Rcdney is a regislered Urban and Regicnal Planner and Herilage
Praclilicner and heads a busy mulli-disciplinary praclice fccusing cn develcpmenlal wcrk all alcng
lhe easlern seabcard cf KZN. Rcdney runs a small buslling praclice frcm hcme as an exlensicn cf his
ccmmilmenl lc leaching, wilh sludenls frcm Sculh Africa, Malawi, Maurilius, U.S.A., U.K., Cermany,
Ncrway, Sweden and Denmark passing lhrcugh al limes.
Pieter Herthcgs
He sludies lhe infuence cf adaplable buildings and infraslruclure cn lhe evclulicn cf urban
neighbcurhccds and suslainable urban prc|ecls. He is develcping assessmenl melhcds, lccls and
design guidelines lc ccmplemenl his lhecrelical framewcrk cn urban scale adaplabilily. As a leaching
assislanl al lhe BruFace English Masler in Archileclural Engineering (vUB), Pieler Herlhcgs leclures
cn lhe design cf lransfcrmable slruclures and paramelric design, and advises masler disserlalicn
sludenls.
Bridgette Hcrner
Bridgel Hcrner is an archilecl and Direclcr cf Space Synlax Sculh Africa, she is alsc a leclurer in lhe
Archileclural Pcsl Craduale Prcgramme al lhe Universily cf Kwa-Zulu Nalal. Bridgel's experlise lies
in evidence based analysis and slralegic design advice empcwering public and privale agencies wilh
lhe lccls lc evaluale prc|ecl prcpcsals and parlicipale in lhe develcpmenl cf lhe design prccess.
Antje IIberg
Anl|e llberg is an urban planner and archilecl wilh research, planning, and implemenlalicn experience
al nalicnal, municipal, and grassrccls levels in Sub-Saharan Africa and in lhe Near Easl. She has experl
kncwledge cf lhe legal and adminislralive dimensicns cf physical planning and land managemenl, and
cf infcrmal urbanizalicn in Africa. Since 2013, she has been wilh Minislry cf lnfraslruclure, Rwanda.
Urban Planning and Hcusing Develcpmenl Experl and Adviser lc Minisler
Beisi Jia
He is lhe |cinl cccrdinalcr cf W104-Dpen Building lmplemenlalicn in lnlernalicnal Ccuncil fcr Research
and lnncvalicn in Building and Ccnslruclicn (ClB). Besides design sludic, he is leaching in ccurses
Hislcry cf Chinese Archileclure and Hcusing in Urban develcpmenl in his schccl. He is superviscr cf
MPhil and Ph.D. sludenls. His sludenls have wcn mcre lhan 30 nalicnal and inlernalicnal sludenl
design ccmpelilicn, including 1998/99 Dupcnl Benediclus Awards, and in exhibilicns, such as UlA
XXll Wcrld Ccngress cf Archileclure 2005.
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'"
HiItcn Judin
Hillcn iudin is an archilecl and curalcr wcrking in ichannesburg. He develcped lhe exhibilicn and
research prc|ecls
[selling aparl] and blank____Archileclure, aparlheid and afler. ln praclice as Cchen&iudin he wcrked
cn lhe Nelscn Mandela Museum in Dunu and lhe Living Landscape in Clanwilliam.
Ceci Karuri-Sebina
CECl KARURl-SEBlNA |cined lhe Sculh African Cilies Nelwcrk in 2011 as Execulive Manager. Ms.
Sebina hclds Maslers degrees in Urban Planning and in Archileclure & Urban Design, bclh frcm lhe
Universily cf Califcrnia Lcs Angeles (UCLA). She has wcrked wilh numercus crganizalicns including
Sculh Africa's Ccuncil fcr Scienlifc & lnduslrial Research (CSlR), Human Science Research Ccuncil
(HSRC), and lhe Advanced Pclicy lnslilule cf lhe lhen- UCLA Schccl cf Public Pclicy and Sccial
Research in Lcs Angeles, Califcrnia.
Tcm Sanya
Tcm Sanya is a Senicr Leclurer in suslainable design al lhe Universily cf Cape Tcwn's Schccl
cf Archileclure, Planning and Cecmalics. His main research area is building suslainabilily and
ccnlexlualily. Using a lransdisciplinary apprcach, he leamwcrks wilh differenl academics, praclicners,
gcvernmenl aclcrs, civil scciely, small-and-medium scale enlerprises and members cf lhe general
public in lhe search fcr and refeclicn upcn (inncvalive) sclulicns fcr lcng lerm building suslainabilily
and ccnlexlualily.
Emeritus Jchan SiIas
iDHAN SlLAS, prcf. (relired since 2006) bcrn in Samarinda, in 1936. As cne cf lhe fcunder cf lhe
Schccl cf Archileclure in Surabaya lndcnesia (1965) and is slill leaching fcr graduale and pcsl
graduale sludenls. Awarded wilh amcng clhers The Aga Khan Award fcr Archileclure (1986),
Chevalier dansl'crdres des Arls el Lellres (1989), Malsushila Prize (1991), Salyalencana (frcm lhe
gcvernmenl cf lndcnesia 1993), The Habilal Scrcll cf Hcncur (2005), elc.
MeIinda SiIverman
Melinda Silverman is an archilecl, urban designer and urban slralegisl inleresled in selllemenl issues
in cilies cf "lhe glcbal sculh". She has wcrked fcr cily, prcvincial and nalicnal gcvernmenl in Sculh
Africa cn urban issues including suslainable human selllemenls, infcrmalily, lcw inccme hcusing, and
land managemenl praclices lhal impacl cn lhe abscrplicn cf lhe pccr in urban areas. She currenlly
leaches urban design and urban pclicy sludies al lhe Universily cf ichannesburg.
Preeti Dnkar Singh
Academic brief: Cradualicn in Bachelcrs cf Archileclure, Maslers in Urban Develcpmenl and Planning
and PhD in Archileclure and planning. Prcfessicnal Backgrcund: Ccnsullanl fcr varicus Archileclural
and Planning prc|ecls fcr lasl 16 years. Research backgrcund: Suslainable Archileclure, Urban
Renewal & Redevelcpmenl and Dualily cf life.
CeraId Steyn
Cerald Sleyn is Research Prcfesscr al lhe Deparlmenl cf Archileclure cf lhe Tshwane Universily cf
Technclcgy. He hclds BArch and MArch degrees frcm lhe Universily cf lhe Free Slale and a PhD frcm
lhe Universily cf Prelcria.
Ken Stucke
Ken Slucke is a praclicing archilecl regislered wilh lhe Sculh African Ccuncil fcr Archilecls. Fcr
mcre lhan lwenly years, he has fccused his archileclural wcrk cn green archileclure and suslainable
develcpmenl, and ncw praclices full lime in lhis idicm. Ken has been asked lc be parl cf several
experl crilique panels and wcrkshcps, asked lc review design prcpcsals cr eslablish prc|ecl briefs.
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'#
PhiIippa Tumubweinee
Philippa Tumubweinee is a senicr Leclurer al lhe Deparlmenl cf Archileclure al lhe Universily cf lhe
Free Slale [UFS] Sculh Africa, a cc--Fcunder and Direclcr cf lZUBA lNafrica and a Dcclcral sludenl
al lhe Universily cf lhe Free Slale, Sculh Africa. She has alsc serving cn lhe Bcard cf Direclcrs
fcr: vECA: Schccl cf Craphic Design and Adverling iMPAC: The Mcving lmages Feslival and lhe
40 000 Bubbles Club Afler ccmpleling her M.Arch. Prcf Degree in 2006 wilh a nclable dislinclicn
in Ccnslruclicn, Philippa Tumubweinee was inlrcduced lc Academia while leaching al lhe depl. cf
Archileclure, Universily cf Prelcria as an assislanl Sludic Masler in lhe Firsl Year Sludic frcm where
she prcgressed cn lc |cin lhe depl. cf Archileclure, Universily cf ichannesburg [Ui] Sculh Africa.
Andre van Craan
Andre hclds a PhD in archileclure frcm lhe Universily cf Cape Tcwn and currenlly heads lhe
archileclure prcgram al lhe Cape Peninsula Universily cf Technclcgy. He leclures in lhe Hislcry
and Thecry cf design al undergraduale level as well as lecluring al pcsl-graduale level in research
melhcdclcgies and supervising maslers and dcclcral sludenls. ln addilicn lc his academic wcrk he
is alsc lhe lmmediale Pasl Presidenl cf lhe Cape lnslilule fcr Archileclure was well as serving cn lhe
Nalicnal Bcard cf lhe Sculh African lnslilule cf Archileclure. He is a member cf lhe Sculh African
branch cf Dcccmcmc, a pasl chairman cf lhe vernacular Archileclure Scciely cf Sculh Africa and lhe
ccnvener cf lhe Cape lnslilule fcr Archileclure's Herilage Ccmmillee.
Pcbert van Kats
Rcberl van Kals (DASUDA /BKvv), chairman, archilecl, urban designerarchilecl ing. Rcberl van Kals
has sludied archileclure and urbanism al lhe Academy cf Archileclure Amslerdam. The cffce acls
cn lhe business, gcvernmanlal, NCD and privale markel bclh nalicnal and inlernalicnal wilh lhe a
specifc fccus cn lhe African markel specialised in suslainable archileclure, urban planning, masler
planning and building relaled energy ccncepls. BKvv fcllcw an inlegral apprcach lhal leads lc lcw
energy and suslainable prc|ecls.
Christc VcsIcc
Dualifed wilh BArch degree frcm lhe Universily cf Prelcria in 1981. Ccmpleled research based March
degree frcm lhe Universily cf Cape Tcwn and MBA frcm Nelscn Mandela Melrcpclilan Universily. ln
praclice since 1983 and academia since 1984 ( whilsl praclicing parl lime lill 2006)
Macharia Waruingi
l am physician and heallhcare execulive presenlly hclding varicus pcsilicns in heallhcare business,
academia and research. l am a Research Facully Fellcw cf lhe Cenler fcr Heallh Syslems & Design
al lhe Ccllege cf Archileclure, Texas A&M Universily in Ccllege Slalicn, Texas. l have exlensive
experience in advanced academic inslruclicn in medicine, heallh adminislralicn and glcbal heallh. l
have experlise in design, develcpmenl and implemenlalicn cf wcrld-class heallh delivery syslems in
lhe Uniled Slales and frcnlier markels in Africa and Middle Easl.
David Week
Dr David Week is Execulive Direclcr cf Assai Ccnsull an inlernalicnal aid ccnsullancy specialising in
sccial infraslruclure. Fcr lhe frsl seven years cf his career, David fcunded and cc-managed a sccial
enlerprise in Papua New Cuinea which develcped an archileclure lhal was mcdern exlensicns cf
lradilicnal building kncwledge. Since 2002, David has been an adviser lc Wcrld Bank and AusAlD
funded large scale sccial infraslruclure prc|ecls, including pcsl disasler reccnslruclicn prc|ecls in
Aceh and Timcr Lesle.
Debbie WheIan
My archileclural experience is fccused cn ccmmunily develcpmenl and herilage. l lccally, l have
been aclive in lrying lc prcmcle lhe herilage cf Edendale by insliluling ccmmunily prc|ecls inlended
lc reserve earlhen buildings ccnslrucled in lhe 1860`s. l have wrillen a number cf publicalicns cn
herilage relaled issues.
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Eric CharIes Wright
Eric is a praclicing archilecl and leclurer. He cccrdinales lhe 3
rd
year archileclure prcgram al lhe
Universily cf ichannesburg and runs lhe 1
sl
and 3
rd
year design sludics. The philcscphy and apprcach
emplcyed in leaching invesligales lhe changing nalure cf ichannesburg as a cily, landscape and
pecple. ln his praclice, in parlnership wilh Claudia Mcrgadc, Bccm Archilecls wcrk explcre lhese
urban-land-pecple fccused ccncepls wilh a crilical underpinning lhe relevance cf ccnlempcrary
archileclural and urban paradigms
CarIcs ZebaIIcs
Peruvian archilecl, he gcl an MSc in Peru in urban envircnmenlal planning and anclher MSc in
Argenlina in suslainabilily. Subsequenlly he gcl PhD al Kyclc Universily, iapan in urban and landscape
design. He wcrked fcr 5 years as a Pcsl PhD Senicr Researcher al lhe Research lnslilule fcr Humanily
and Nalure in iapan. Since 2013 he has launched a Labcralcry cf Urban and Landscape Design al lhe
Far Easlern Federal Universily in vladivcslck, Russia
Peta de Jager
Pela de iager is a regislered prcfessicnal archilecl wilh a maslers' degree in applied elhics. She
is currenlly research grcup leader in lhe building science and lechnclcgy ccmpelence area fcr lhe
buill envircnmenl unil al lhe Ccuncil fcr Scienlifc and lnduslrial Research in Prelcria. The research
grcup underlakes research and develcpmenl prc|ecls which are relaled lc building perfcrmance,
archileclural engineering in sccial infraslruclure, primarily heallh-care and educalicn buildings in lhe
Sculhern African regicn.
Jacques Laubscher
iacques Laubscher cblained his Bachelcr's degree in Archileclure and Masler's degree in Urban &
Regicnal Planning al lhe Universily cf lhe Free Slale. Dr. Laubscher is currenlly appcinled as an
Asscciale Prcfesscr al lhe Tshwane Universily cf Technclcgy, where he cccrdinales and leaches lhe
5
lh
year design and lechnclcgy. Since 2001, he is praclicing under lhe name Sludic iacques Laubscher,
fccusing mcslly cn lhe adaplive re-use cf exisling buildings.
Anna Pubbc
Anna Rubbc, LFAlA, B.Arch (Melbcurne), D. Arch (Michigan) |cined CSUD al Cclumbia Universily in
2012. A member cf lhe Millennium Prc|ecl Task Fcrce cn lmprcving lhe Lives cf Slum Dwellers (2002-
04) she wenl cn lc fcund lhe Clcbal Sludic, an aclicn research prc|ecl lc help urban prcfessicnals
wcrk mcre effeclively wilh lhe urban pccr. Rubbc is prc|ecl direclcr fcr lhe lraveling exhibilicn, Pecple
Building Beller Cilies shcwn in eighl ccunlries and 11 cilies in 2013.
Fani VaviIi-Tsinika
Prcfesscr Fani vavili-Tsinika gradualed frcm lhe Schccl cf Archileclure, Arislclle Universily cf
Thessalcniki, wilh a Masler cf Arls in Heallh Facilily Planning, Melrcpclilan Universily cf Lcndcn and
a Ph.D. frcm lhe Schccl cf Archileclure, Facully cf Technclcgy A.U.Th. She is praclicing and leaching
archileclural design. Her wcrk includes heallh care facililies planning & design and has published
many arlicles, research resulls and clher publicalicns.
Sam Mcshaver
Sam Mcshaver is a regislered archilecl in prcvince cf Dnlaric, and currenlly a PhD candidale in
Deparlmenl cf Envircnmenlal Design in Universily cf Mcnlreal. My research inleresls are in hcusing,
fexibilily and building syslems. He has parlicipaled in many ccnferences cn lhe issues cf hcusing,
and cpen building, inclusicnary zcning, and hcusing syslems.
Pcger Piewe
Bcrn 22.07.1959 in Bielefeld, Cermany, grew up in Cape Tcwn, Sculh Africa, sludied archileclure al
lhe RWTH Aachen, Cermany, gradualed 1986, fcunded Riegler Riewe Archilecls in Craz, Kalcwice
and Berlin (www.rieglerriewe.cc.zl) wilh prc|ecls in Auslria, Cermany, Swilzerland, Pcland, Crcalia,
llaly, vielnam and Kcrea. The wcrk has been published exlensively. He has laughl as guesl as guesl
prcfesscr in Hcuslcn, Barcelcna, Prague, Calgary and Aachen and is since 2001 a full prcfesscr al
TU Craz, being head cf lhe inslilule cf Archileclure Technclcgy lAT and cf lhe research lab lAT{Lab.
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'%
Cavin McLachIan
Hclds lhe fcllcwing qualifcalicns: Bachelcr cf Building (1972 UPE), Bachelcr cf Archileclure (1974
UPE), M Sc (Tcwn and Regicnal Planning) (1979 UPla). ls a regislered archilecl and lcwn planner.
Experienced a wide range cf archileclural and planning wcrk and prc|ecls pricr lc |cining lhe academic
slaff cf lhe lhen UPE (ncw lhe NMMU).
AIexander Dpper
Dpper ccmpleled a masler's degree in archileclure al lhe Universily cf lhe Arls in Berlin in 2001. ln
2006 he mcved lc ichannesburg where he wcrks as educalcr, wriler, arlisl, archilecl and designer. He
is lhe direclcr cf lhe Archileclural masler's prcgramme al lhe Universily cf ichannesburg's Facully cf
Arl, Design and Archileclure, a ccnlexl in which, since 2007, he has develcped an immersive mcde cf
leaching-and-learning premised cn '"fclding" lhe [archileclural] sludic inlc lhe feld'.
JuIian Paxwcrthy
Dr iulian Raxwcrlhy is a Leclurer in lhe Masler cf Landscape Archileclure prcgram in lhe Schccl
cf Archileclure, Planning and Cecmalics, al lhe Universily cf Cape Tcwn. He was lhe cc-aulhcr
cf Sunburnl: Landscape archileclure in Auslralia, and cc-edilcr cf The Mesh Bcck: Landscape/
lnfraslruclure. His PhD lhesis wilh lhe Universily cf Dueensland was enlilled Ncvelly in lhe Enlrcpic
Landscape: Landscape archileclure, gardening and change.
Stephan KendaII
Dr. Slephen Kendall's career in archileclural praclice, research and educalicn spans mcre lhan 35
years. He is a regislered archilecl w/a PhD frcm MlT. His research in cpen building enccmpasses new
design melhcds and lcgislics, and new lechnclcgy needed lc make buildings mcre adaplable, easier
lc cuslcmize lc meel changing preferences and lhus mcre suslainable.
Taibat Lawanscn
Taibal Lawanscn is a senicr leclurer and cccrdinalcr cf pcslgraduale prcgrams al lhe Deparlmenl
cf Urban and Regicnal Planning, Universily cf Lagcs, Nigeria. She hclds a PhD in Urban and Regicnal
Planning, and is a 2013 Wcrld Sccial Science Fellcw. Her research cver lhe years has fccused arcund
pcverly and infcrmalily, envircnmenlal heallh and gcvernance dynamics in lhe Lagcs Melrcpclis, and
mcre currenlly Africa's emerging urbanism, urban livabilily and urban inequalilies.
Yashaen Luckan
Yashaen Luckan is an academic and praclicing archilecl. He hclds a Blech Degree (DUT), and a
Masler cf Archileclure Degree frcm UKZN where he is presenlly a PhD Candidale. Yashaen serves
cn prcfessicnal bcdies such as lhe Sculh African Ccuncil fcr lhe Archileclural Prcfessicn (SACAP),
where he is a member cf lhe validalicn Panel and lhe Heads cf Schccls ccmmillee, and lhe Ccuncil
cn Higher Educalicn (CHE) where he serves as evalualcr cf applicalicns fcr new academic prcgrams.
Andrew Makin
Fcrmed designwcrkshcp: sa wilh ianina Masc|ada in 1997. Regular wriler cn lhe Cily as an impcrlanl
enabler cf an cplimized Sculh African eccncmy cullure and scciely. Currenl prc|ecls are a village fcr
1000 crphans, many cf Hlv Aids, Ccmmunily Cenlers and Spcrls facililies in lwc hislcrically black
lcwnships, a hclel and aparlmenls, a range cf privale residenlial hcuses, and a 25 slcry cffce building
in Sandlcn, ichannesburg`s Ccrpcrale business dislricl
Jakc (Jakcbus ImmanueI) DIivier
Afler gradualing in Law al lhe Universily cf lhe Free Slale, iakc successfully ccmpleled his degree
in Archileclure al lhe same universily. He is currenlly lhe prcgram direclcr fcr and leclurer al lhe
Deparlmenl cf Archileclure, UFS. His research inleresls are archileclural design, archileclural lhecry
and higher educalicn.
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Happy Patna Santcsa
Happy Ralna Sanlcsa is leclurer/prcfesscr in lhe deparlmenl cf Archileclure, lTS, lndcnesia since
1976 and head Labcralcry fcr Hcusing and Human Selllemenls lTS. She is leclurer in Archileclural
Design, Human Selllemenl and lhe Envircnmenl, Suslainable Develcpmenl, Human Selllemenl
in Urban Develcpmenl and Research Melhcdclcgy. He is alsc superviscrs fcr under graduale fnal
Prc|ecl Design, lhesis fcr Masler and PhD sludenl's disserlalicn.
Lucianc Lazzari
Lucianc Lazzari was bcrn in Triesle, llaly and grew up in Cape Tcwn, Sculh Africa, where he began his
sludies in archileclure al UCT. He qualifed al lhe Pclylechnic cf Cenlral Lcndcn, laking lhe RlBA Parl lll
exam in 1977. Afler wcrking in Lcndcn, he mcved back lc Triesle and sel up a |cinl archileclural cffce
in parlnership wilh Paclc Zelcc in 1981. The cffce has carried cul a lcl cf residenlial develcpmenl
and heallh care buildings and mcre recenlly lhe cffce has beccme invclved in urban renewal. He is
currenlly serving as Presidenl cf lhe Archilecls' Ccuncil cf Eurcpe afler his eleclicn fcr a lwc year
mandale. Frcm 2005 lill lcday, he has been a |ury member fcr varicus nalicnal and inlernalicnal
ccmpelilicns and is a member cf lhe Scienlifc Ccmmillee fcr lhe UlA 2014 Ccngress in Durban.
Denise Mcradc Nascimentc
Denise has a degree in Archileclure and Urbanism, MA in Archileclure and Ph.D. in lnfcrmalicn
Science. She is a Prcfesscr al lhe Schccl cf Archileclure al Universidade Federal de Minas Cerais,
cccrdinalcr cf lhe research grcup PRAXlS (Sccial praclices in urban space) and researcher cf CPNq.
AbimbcIa DIukemi Windapc
Dr Abimbcla Dlukemi Windapc is a Senicr Leclurer al lhe Depl. cf Ccnslruclicn Eccncmics and
Managemenl, Universily cf Cape Tcwn. Abimbcla's career spans 26 years afler gradualing frcm
lhe Universily cf lfe wilh a BSc (Hcns.) degree in Building. She has bclh MSc and PhD degrees in
Ccnslruclicn Managemenl and Building respeclively. She has pracliced in, wrillen, leclured and
researched cn hcusing and ccnslruclicn sludies, building malerials, and ccnslruclicn induslry,
ccmpany and prc|ecl perfcrmance. She is a member cf lhe Sculh African Ccuncil cf Prc|ecl and
Ccnslruclicn Managemenl Prcfessicns.
Pcger SchIuntz
Schlunlz received his Masler cf Archileclure degree frcm lhe Universily cf Califcrnia, Berkeley. A Fellcw
cf lhe American lnslilule cf Archilecls and NCARB cerlifed, he is licensed lc praclice archileclure in
New Mexicc and Nebraska. ln a ccnsulling capacily wilh public agencies and universilies nalicnwide,
Schlunlz has served as lhe Prcfessicnal Adviser fcr cver lwenly-fve ma|cr design ccmpelilicns. Dne
cf lhe frsl grcup cf lhcse serving cn lhe Nalicnal Regisler cf Peer Prcfessicnals fcr lhe US Ceneral
Services Adminislralicn, he has been invclved wilh lhe seleclicn cf archilecls and lhe design review
cf ma|cr public buildings fcr cver lhree decades.
Kevin Bingham
Kevin Bingham is a Prcfessicnal Archilecl and a direclcr al FCC Archilecls lnc, based in Durban.
He hclds a Nalicnal Higher Diplcma in Archileclure, a Bachelcr cf Archileclure degree, a Masler
cf Archileclure Degree by research, is currenlly reading fcr a PhD in Archileclure and is a Fcgarly
Research Fellcw (USA). Kevin is lhe currenl presidenl cf lhe KZN lnslilule fcr Archileclure (2012 )
and is a member cf lhe Sculh African lnslilule cf Archilecls Nalicnal Bcard. He serves cn numercus
educalicn adviscry bcards, lrusls and spcrling ccmmillees.
FanueI Mctsepe
Having leclured al lhe Universily cf lhe Wilwalersrand ichannesburg fcr 4 years, Fanuel praclices as
an archilecl and urban designer. Fanuel eslablished Mclsepe Archilecls Research Unil and Praclice
Unil Learning Apprenliceship (MARU a PULA) cc, which is equipped wilh a library, a ccmpuler lab,
an audic-visual rccm, and a mcdel-making sludic. MARU a PULA engages lccal and inlernalicnal
researchers and publishes research fndings.
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CIaudia Mcrgadc
Claudia (M Arch prcf WlTS 2007) is a praclicing archilecl and parl-lime leclurer al lhe Universily cf
ichannesburg, wcrking in lhe 1
sl
and 3
rd
year design sludics. ln 2009 Claudia fcrmed BDDM Archilecls
in parlnership wilh Eric Wrighl. Their wcrk explcres urban and pecple fccused ccncepls wilh a crilical
underpinning lhe relevance cf ccnlempcrary archileclural urban apprcaches, and a fccus cn syslems
lhal gain value cver lime wilh lasling benefls lc lhcse il impacls. Bclh parlners al BDDM are cc-
fcunders cf lhe (in)fcrmalSludic, in ccllabcralicn wilh 26'10 sculh Archilecls, Thcrslen Deckler and
Anne Craupner, and have implemenled lhe Marlbcrc Sculh ccurse held in 2012. (in)fcrmalSludic is
a mullidisciplinary plalfcrm which pccls rescurces and skills cn in-silu leaching, research and aclual
prc|ecls lccaled in ccmplex urban ccndilicns.
Stephen Adams
Slephen Adams is a Brilish Trained archilecl, wilh experience cf develcpmenlal and disasler relief
wcrk in Lesclhc, Swaziland, Kenya, Aceh lndcnesia and Haili. Recenlly, he has been leaching al
lhe Pclylechnic cf Namibia as sludic leader in lhe new schccl cf Archileclure and is lhe exlernal
mcderalcr/examiner fcr TUT Prelcria, Universily cf ichannesburg and Universily cf Prelcria. He has
alsc pracliced in Lcndcn and Dxfcrd.
MagdaIena CIcete
Magdalena Clcele qualifed wilh a B.Arch frcm UDFS in 1998. ln 2012 she |cined lhe Universily cf
KwaZulu Nalal where she leclures Hislcry and Thecry cf Archileclure as well as Archileclural Design
and Technclcgy in lhe 3
rd
year BAS prcgramme. Magdalena's research relales lc lhe rcle cf Thecry in
lhe making cf archileclure and lhe relalicn belween Archileclure and Pecple. She is a Prcfessicnal
Archilecl and cc-fcunder cf an archileclural Ccmpany XD ccnsullancy.
Tsinikas Nikcs
Archilecl A.U.T., M.Sc. Scund & vibralicn l.S.v.R., Dr. Archilecl A.U.T., Prcfesscr Schccl cf Archileclure
A.U.T. Member M.l.D.A., eCAADe, lASS. vice-presidenl Hel.ln.A. Direclcr 5
lh
Deparlmenl Schccl cf
Archileclure, vice-presidenl Schccl cf Archileclure. Parlicipalicn in lhe general assembly fcr lhe
crealicn cf a) Schccl cf Media & b) Schccl cf Film. Head cf Schccl cf Film 2007-11. Teaching in Schccl
cf Archileclure, cf Envircnmenl, cf icurnalism and Media and cf Film. Research archileclural design,
archileclural accuslics. Publicalicns cn archileclure, accuslics and music.
Jcanne Lees
icanne Lees qualifed as an Archilecl in 1990. She has cver 20 years' experience as an archilecl,
develcpmenl manager, hcusing and urban develcpmenl specialisl, fcr (mainly lccal) gcvernmenl,
NCD's, Sccial Hcusing Assccialicns, and lhe privale seclcr. She has been a principal cf Lees + Shcrl
Assccialed Archilecls fcr 18 years. Her experience has underlined lhe impcrlance cf inlegralicn
acrcss seclcrs, and cf sccic-eccncmic ccncerns in lhe quesl fcr suslainable cilies and selllemenls.
Hannah Ie Pcux
Hannah le Rcux leaches, praclices, curales and wriles abcul archileclure. Her currenl research, lived
mcdernism, is being develcped fcr a PhD candidale in lhe Facully cf Archileclure and Arl cf KU
Leuven. This prc|ecl is based cn lhe cbservalicn cf change in lime cf mcdernisl spaces, grcunded
in lhe 1950's mcdel lcwnship, KwaThema, lhe 1950's lc 70's fabric cf ichannesburg's inner cily and
lrcpical archileclure in Wesl Africa. Her wriling appears in Dcmus, uncube, lhe icurnal cf Archileclure,
Archileclural Reccrd and clhers.
Krishna Kumar Dhcte
Wcrking as Prcfesscr in Deparlmenl cf Archileclure and Planning, invclved in research and ccnsullancy
prc|ecls cf urban renewal, sccial impacl assessmenl and issues cf hcusing fcr pccr and presenlly
guiding mcre lhan fve number cf dcclcral candidales.
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Chris Adendcrff
Prcfesscr Chris Adendcrff is an enlrepreneur and academic whc since 1985 buill a subslanlial family
business. He hclds a dcuble dcclcrale in ccmmerce as well as fulure sludies. He has a passicn
fcr fulure sludies and lhe managemenl cf family businesses. His parlicular inleresl is in planning,
gcvernance and lurnarcund slralegies. He leclures cn fulure sludies, enlrepreneurship, ccnslruclicn
managemenl and research melhcdclcgy. Prcfesscr Adendcrff has since wrillen varicus bccks and
published exlensively in inlernalicnal |curnals.
Nancy CIark
Nancy Clark is fcunder and Direclcr cf Clcbal Lab research ccnscrlium, a crcss-disciplinary research
inilialive wilh lhe Universily cf Flcrida fccused cn lhe sludy cf emergenl glcbal lra|eclcries in
archileclural praclice, building lechnclcgy, and urban pclicy making. She is Cc-Fcunding member
cf lhe Ccnscrlium fcr Hydrc-Ceneraled Urbanism (CHU) which prcpcses new paradigms fcr lhe
evclulicn cf waler-based selllemenls. Ms. Clark is currenlly lhe Assislanl Direclcr al lhe Universily cf
Flcrida in charge cf Craduale Prcgrams al lhe Universily Df Flcrida Schccl Df Archileclure and serves
as lhe Cccrdinalcr cf lhe C{ScA lvan Smilh Endcwmenl, a prcgram dedicaled lc lhe advancemenl cf
graduale educalicn.
NhIamuIc Ngcbeni
Nhlamulc Ngcbeni gradualed wilh a masler's degree in archileclure frcm lhe Universily cf
ichannesburg, under lhe supervisicn cf Amira Dsman. ln his masler`s disserlalicn, he lccked al
Kliplcwn infcrmal selllemenl in Scwelc, ichannesburg. He unpacked lhe area in search fcr design
infcrmanls which were prccessed lc feed his archileclural prcpcsal. He was recenlly inviled by an
arlisl lc sludy a neighbcrhccd and give advice which will be used lc eslablish where lhe arlisl cculd
inslall public arl sculplures.
CIintcn Aigbavbca
Clinlcn Aigbavbca hclds a maslers' degree in Ccnslruclicn Managemenl and a PhD degree in
Engineering Managemenl respeclively, wilh suslainable human(e) develcpmenl being lhe lheme
cf his researches. He recenlly ccmpleled a shcrl learning prcgramme in gccd gcvernance in Africa
frcm lhe Thabc Mbeki Africa Leadership lnslilule in lhe Universily cf Sculh Africa (UNlSA). He is
permanenlly emplcyed al lhe Universily cf ichannesburg's Deparlmenl cf Ccnslruclicn Managemenl
and Duanlily Surveying where he leclures al bclh lhe undergraduale and pcslgraduale levels. He is
lhe prcgramme cccrdinalcr fcr lhe 2nd year level and facililales an academic excellenl/develcpmenl
prcgramme lc high schccls in Krugersdcrp- Wesl Rand, lhrcugh an NCD based in Krugersdcrp. His
research inleresl is in lhe eccncmics cf infraslruclure develcpmenl, suslainable human develcpmenl,
building infcrmalicn mcdelling, climale change and adequale hcusing develcpmenl, green |cb
crealicn, leadership in lcwinccme hcusing, building pcsl cccupancy evalualicns, ccnslruclicn
induslry develcpmenl, infcrmal hcusing and infraslruclure develcpmenl and nalicnal eccncmics. He
has published arlicles in repuled |curnals and presenled research fndings lccally and inlernalicnally.
He is currenlly lhe edilcr cf lhe icurnal cf Ccnslruclicn Prc|ecl Managemenl and lnncvalicn.
PhiI AstIey
Phil Aslley, UCL Barllell Schccl cf Ccnslruclicn & Prc|ecl Managemenl, Lcndcn, is invclved in a
number cf crcss-disciplinary research and heallh enlerprise prc|ecls. He has develcped briefng
fcr medical respile care fcr lhe infcrmally hcused and single hcmeless wilh TB and Hlv fcr Lcndcn
Palhway. He is invclved wilh African Priscns Prc|ecl and UCL Pcpulalicn Heallh. ln 2014 he is wcrking
wilh lhe Afcrmal lerrilcries Sludic, Universily cf ichannesburg cn briefng fcr heallhcare syslems in
infcrmal ccnlexls.
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Budccr Bukhari
An archileclural and urban designer and urban develcpmenl planning researcher, Budccr is a graduale
cf lhe Building & Urban Design in Develcpmenl (BUDD) prcgram al lhe Develcpmenl Planning Unil,
The Barllell, Universily Ccllege Lcndcn. She is a LEED Accrediled Prcfessicnal and an Eslidama Pearl
Dualifed Prcfessicnal, and has recenlly |cined CH2M Hill as Urban Designer. Wilh a backgrcund in
archileclural and urban design, Budccr's educalicnal and prcfessicnal |curney lhus far have slimulaled
a keen inleresl in lhe rcle and pclenlial cf ccmmunily-based and parlicipalcry apprcaches lc urban
develcpmenl planning and design.
Amanda Breytenbach
Amanda Breylenbach, has been invclved in lnlericr Design Educalicn fcr cver 18 years and have alsc
parlicipaled, cver lhe pasl 12 years, in lhe develcpmenl cf lhe lnlericr Design prcfessicn. Aparl frcm
her parlicipalicn in lhe lnlericr Design prcfessicn and educalicn, she has alsc aclively parlicipaled in
including suslainable design issues wilhin lhe educalicn curriculum. She is currenlly vice Dean al lhe
Facully cf Arl, Design and Archileclure al lhe Universily cf ichanneburg.
CabrieIIa CarcIini
Cabriella Y. Carclini is lhe Fcrd Career Develcpmenl Assislanl Prcfesscr in lhe Deparlmenl cf Urban
Sludies and Planning al lhe Massachusells lnslilule cf Technclcgy (MlT). Cabriella has sludied and
been an afflialed researcher in universilies in Brazil, France, Mczambique, and lhe UK. She earned her
dcclcral degree in urban planning frcm Cclumbia Universily, where she alsc held a Nalicnal Science
Fcundalicn lCERT fellcwship in inlernalicnal develcpmenl and glcbalizalicn. She is alsc currenlly lhe
cc-chair cf lhe Clcbal Planning Educalcrs' lnleresl Crcup wilhin lhe American Ccllegiale Schccls cf
Planning.
NiccIa Darke
Niccla Darke hclds a Maslers in Ccnservalicn cf lhe Buill Envircnmenl frcm lhe Universily cf Cape
Tcwn and currenlly heads lhe schccl cf archileclure al lhe Nelscn Mandela Melrcpclilan Universily. ln
addilicn lc her academic wcrk she is alsc a Pasl Presidenl cf lhe Easlern Cape lnslilule cf Archilecls
and a pasl member cf lhe Nalicnal Bcard cf lhe Sculh African lnslilule cf Archilecls. Furlhermcre, Ms
Darke is a member cf lhe Prcvincial Herilage Rescurces Aulhcrily BELCDM and lhe ccnvener cf lhe
Easlern Cape lnslilule fcr Archilecls Herilage Ccmmillee.
NcIeen Murray-Cccke
Nceleen Murray is an archilecl and academic. She is currenlly a Senicr Leclurer al lhe Universily
cf lhe Weslern Cape (UWC) where she leaches ccurses in urban gecgraphyand is ccnvener cf lhe
Maslers and PhD Prcgrammes. She is lhe lead researcher fcr lhe prc|ecl Cilies in Transilicn. She
serves as a member cf lhe bcard cf lhe Lwandle Migranl Labcur Museum. Her research, wriling and
crealive wcrk ccnsiders spaces as diverse as lhe migranl labcur ccmpcund, lhe suburban shcpping
cenlre, hcusing develcpmenls and mcsl recenlly lhe shaping cf lhe UWC campus.
Yusuf PateI
Yusuf Palel sludied Financial Eccncmics al lhe Universily cf Lcndcn, Develcpmenl Planning and
Duanlily Surveying al WlTS. He is a prcfessicnal planner and a develcpmenl specialisl. He has a wide
range cf experience including lnlegraled Develcpmenl Planning, lnfraslruclure lnveslmenl, Affcrdable
Hcusing and Ccmmunily Develcpmenl. He is Execulive Direclcr al Basil Read and Presidenl cf SAPl.
Finzi Saidi
Finzi Saidi is an archilecl and landscape archilecl. He ccmpleled his PhD al lhe Universily cf Prelcria
in 2004 cn Archileclural Educalicn. He is currenlly lhe Head cf lhe Archileclure Deparlmenl al lhe
Facully cf Arls, Design and Archileclure, Universily cf ichannesburg.
Tariq Tcffa
Tariq Tcffa, Execulive Manager al SHiFT, leclures in lhe Universily cf ichannesburg's archileclure
deparlmenl, and wriles fcr www.Urb.im cn sccial and urban lcpics. He ccmpleled his prcfessicnal
archileclural sludies al UCT, an archileclural research Maslers al WlTS, and sludied religicus and
ccnslilulicnal law al UKZN.
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Bcban Varghese
Bcban varghese is an archilecl, induslrial designer and an educalcr, wilh lhree decades cf experience
as a design sludic leader. He has embraced a 'lccally grcunded-glcbally ccnscicus' ideclcgy in
crealing a ccnlexlually driven design in his leaching career. His sludic based leaching is shaped by
lhe experiences and expcsure gained frcm wcrking and leaching in lndia, iapan and Sculh Africa. His
academic and research pursuils are brcadly calegcrized inlc suslainable archileclural develcpmenls,
archileclural educalicn fcr a changing wcrld, bambcc as a malerial fcr eccncmic aclivalicn, hcusing
sclulicns in underdevelcped ccmmunilies and media and branding in design engagemenls. He is
currenlly lhe head cf lhe deparlmenl cf archileclure al lhe Nelscn Mandela Melrcpclilan Universily,
Pcrl Elizabelh, Sculh Africa.
Sibusisc SithcIe
Sibusisc is a qualifed Candidale Archilecl frcm lhe Universily cf KwaZulu Nalal. He has a wide and
varied mix cf experience gained frcm wcrking wilh a number cf acclaimed archilecls frcm lccally
and abrcad. Wilh experience in design ccncepl develcpmenl, wcrking drawings, presenlalicn,
dccumenlalicn, digilal and physical mcdel realizalicn. He |cined Archilecls ccllabcralive in 2012
where he is invclved cn a wide range inleresling and grcund breaking prc|ecls and ncw is a full
lime leclurer al lhe Universily cf Kwazulu Nalal while reading fcr his Dcclcrale Degree whilsl slill
mainlaining a slrcng wcrking relalicnship wilh Archilecls Ccllabcralive.
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PART 7 : DESIGN SOCIETY DEVELOPMENT (DSD)
DSD (www.designsccielydevelcpmenl.crg) is a Ccmmunily cf Praclice (CcP) based in lhe Facully
cf Arl, Design and Archileclure (FADA), Universily cf ichannesburg (Ui). lls members represenl lhe
disciplines cf Design, Develcpmenl Sludies and Eccncmics. ln lhe face cf slaggering inequalily in
Sculh Africa, DSD inlerrcgales research and prc|ecls lhal fccus cn lhe inlerseclicn cf design, scciely
and develcpmenl.
Angus Dcnald Campbell, Senicr Leclurer in lnduslrial Design, Ui, is a qualifed induslrial and prcducl
designer wilh cver a decade cf experience. His inleresl is in design and lechnclcgy fcr suslainable
develcpmenl and his currenl lransdisciplinary Dcclcrale in Develcpmenl Sludies explcres inncvalicn
and adaplalicn cf lechnclcgy by small-scale urban farmers in ichannesburg.
Terence Fenn, Leclurer in Mullimedia, Ui, is inleresled in inleraclive design and is currenlly enrclled
fcr a Maslers in lnfcrmalicn Technclcgy al UCT. He inilially lrained as a fne arlisl and cblained a
Masler cf Arl and Design Educalicn al lhe Universily cf New Sculh Wales. His primary areas cf inleresl
include design fcr sccial develcpmenl, design lhinking and inleraclive lechnclcgies.
Naude Malan, PhD and Senicr Leclurer, Develcpmenl Sludies, Ui, has previcusly sludied parlicipalicn
in Agricullural Develcpmenl and his Dcclcrale invesligaled lhe rcle cf Civil Scciely in lhe realizalicn
cf lhe righl lc have access lc sccial securily. He is a visiling Research Fellcw al lhe Cenlre fcr African
Sludies al Cambridge Universily and has laughl al varicus facullies wilhin Ui.
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UIA2014 DURBAN Architecture OTHERWHERE DESIGN SOCIETY DEVELOPMENT

1332
IN-CONTEXT AND ECOLOGY IMMERSION FOR RESILIENCE: AN EXPLORATION OF THE DESIGN OF A
HOUSEHOLD FARMING KIT
Kyle Graham Brand, Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa, brandkg@tut.ac.za
Angus Donald Campbell, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, acampbell@uj.ac.za

Abstract

Human-Centred Design proposes the method of In-context Immersion or meeting people where they live, work
and socialise as a method to gain new insights and opportunities for the designer (IDEO, 2013). This method as per
the majority of empirical research tends to simplify complex situations in order to provide a set of criteria that can
then guide a design intervention to such problems. This paper explores how it is important to not only understand
the contextual situation of a problem, but also a much broader range of contexts and infuences which constitute
the ecology of the problem. Ecology Immersion can be defned over and above the designers immersion into a
specifc context by the further discovery and exploration of other connected contexts. The designer is able to map
a broader system by immersing her/himself in these interconnected contexts and hence foreseeing how a
proposed intervention could interact in the greater ecology of the problem. An example could be the efect the
seemingly independent biological system and economic system could have on a small-scale agricultural project.
This improved understanding then allows for the design intervention to have a better foundation in terms of the
systems it relies on, which potentially aids the fnal interventions resilience. This paper explores and criticises the
design process of a household farming kit as an example of such a method. This critique will ofer potential insight
into future applications of this method in the feld of Industrial Design and its potential application in other design
disciplines to encourage greater resilience.

Keywords: In-context immersion, ecology immersion, industrial design, small-scale agriculture, food
security, design for social development, social impact design, Johannesburg.

INTRODUCTION

Social impact design, or design for public good that is socially, environmentally, and economically
sustainable, is clearly gaining traction in design education, research and practice (Smithsonian Institution
2013). As this mode of design expands, design methods focused on such endeavours need to be tested and
refned. This paper frstly explores the method of In-context Immersion as utilised by various design
practitioners under a variety of guises as an attempt by designer/s to better understand the people they are
designing for or with, especially when designing for marginalised communities (IDEO 2011, pp. 46-47; Polak
2009, pp. 15-17 and Martin & Hanington 2012, p.60). This method, as adopted by many practitioners, is
criticised by the authors as taking too narrow and reductionist a view in relation to the complex economic,
social, cultural and political realities experienced by the majority of people from communities where such
design is taking place. The paper then explores the systemic nature of problems in terms of their broader
ecology and the proposed method of In-context and Ecology Immersion is then explained. The combination
of In-context and Ecology Immersion is explored in relation to a research project, the Design and
Development of a Household Farming kit (Brand 2014) (Figure 1). The paper then concludes that such a
method provides the opportunity for greater resilience for both the design intervention and those who will
rely on it.


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Figure 1: Anna holding the hoe-tool at her home (Photo: Kyle Brand).

IN-CONTEXT IMMERSION

In the Human-Centred Design Toolkit developed by the design and innovation consulting firm IDEO, the
method of In-context Immersion is advocated as a method which design practitioners can adopt in order to
...understand the people they are designing for not just on an intellectual level, but also on an experiential
level (2011, p. 46). This understanding at a level of personal experience is intended to allow unexpected
opportunities or new insights to be revealed. This is in contrast to the preconceptions brought into any
context where a designer is designing for someone else. In-context Immersion can be defined as immersing
oneself in the context in which the design intervention should operate. This often means that the designer
would seek to experience the typical conditions that the final user of the intended design intervention
would experience. In Figure 2 one of the authors is seen conducting a focus group with Jeffery Hughes and
Willem van Zyl at their farms in Noordgesig, Soweto. Conducting this interview on their farm allowed for a
two-way immersion, that of the author in the farms environment and the farmers immersion into the
conceptual world of the designer. During such a focus group, the farmers could physically identify issues in
their environment and demonstrate their points of view without feeling alienated by an unfamiliar context.
These focus groups drew attention to aspects the author did not notice during previous immersive
experiences.


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Figure 2: Jeffery Hughes explaining a concern he had with the farming tunnel design, photograph by Myles Day
(used with permission).

The process of In-context Immersion has become a fundamental building block in most participatory design
practice. The design practitioner often assumes a visit to the location of the participants as non-negotiable,
especially in socially orientated design projects where the designer and participant come from vastly
different socioeconomic contexts. Relating to the authors project, since the design intervention was for
farmers, the designer needed to visit their farms. This is in line with what Paul Polak suggests when he
describes two of the steps in his guide to practical problem solving: 2. Talk to the people who have the
problem, and listen to what they say (2009, p. 15-17) and 3. Learn everything you can about the problems
specific context (2009, p.17).

In-context Immersion is similarly termed Design Ethnography by Bella Martin and Bruce Hanington in their
book, Universal Methods of Design (2012, p. 60). They describe this method as an approximation of the
immersive methods of traditional ethnography, which encourages the designer ...to, deeply experience and
understand the users world for design empathy and insight (ibid.). Design Ethnography differs from true
Anthropological Ethnography in that the designer is seeking time-sampled observations and behaviours.
These experiences can be sought through the experience sampling method, diary and photo studies,
cultural probes, contextual inquiry, and various forms of observation, including modified versions of
participant observation (ibid.).

This pervasive adoption of In-context Immersion might be attributed to the development and wider
acceptance of user-centred design methods amongst design practitioners (Smithsonian Institution, 2013).
The extent to which designers actually immerse themselves and their intentions behind such projects have
led to some criticism by the targeted population of what could be considered a new imperialism through
design (Nussbaum 2010) or ulterior economic motives hidden under the banner of charity (Arad 2012). This
debate will likely continue as Social Innovation continues to become more mainstream. Indian industrial
designer and academic Singanapalli Balaram highlights how it is not only the people one is designing for
that the designer needs to take cognisance of, but also the economic, social, cultural and political realities of
a country (Balaram 1998, p. 3). He states that, the design activity of any country cannot be well understood
without knowledge of the context in which it operates. This extends the notion of a possibly too narrow in-
context immersion to a broader immersion into the ecology of the context.


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THE ECOLOGY OF PROBLEMS

A greater capacity to access and acquire knowledge as a result of rapid increases in communication
technologies in recent years has led to a far more nuanced understanding of problems. Seldom, if not ever,
can a problem be considered finite and isolated. I have yet to see any problem, however complicated,
which, when looked at in the right way, did not become still more complicated (Anderson cited in Meadows
2008, p. 11). Problems, like the people they affect, are always interconnected and highly complex. Richard
Buchanan in his discussion on Rittles description of wicked problems explains that, Design problems are
"indeterminate" and "wicked" because design has no special subject matter of its own apart from what a
designer conceives it to be. The subject matter of design is potentially universal in scope, because design
thinking may be applied to any area of human experience. But in the process of application, the designer
must discover or invent a particular subject out of the problems and issues of specific circumstances (1992,
p. 16). This highlights the need of the designer to define a problems boundaries, but in too narrowly
defining a problem a designer can easily miss important considerations for the long term resilience of a
design intervention.

Problems are systemic in nature, leading to not only a difficulty in understanding them, but also in solving
them. Donella Meadows, in her book Thinking in Systems (2008) explains, A system isnt just any collection of
things. A system is an interconnected set of elements that is coherently organized in a way that achieves
something (p. 11). This systemic nature of problems refers to their interconnection with additional sets of
elements, these elements could include other problems or other contexts that are connected and therefore
also affected by the problem at hand. Often if carefully investigated, any problem presents a very deep and
complex array of not only elements that are interconnected, but also additional interconnected systems.
This array of systems with interconnected elements is seldom static, but rather dynamic and continually
changing, hence the indeterminacy of wicked problems (Buchanan 1992, pp. 15-16).

The word ecology has been chosen by the authors to capture the dynamism of the systemic nature of
problems. This word, ecology, is typically associated with the description of natural systems, especially
highly complex systems. As an example of a highly complex system, Meadows describes human beings, We
are complex systems - our own bodies are magnificent examples of integrated, interconnected, self-
maintaining complexity. Every person we encounter, every organization, every animal, garden, tree, and
forest is a complex system. We have built up intuitively, without analysis, often without words, a practical
understanding of how these systems work, and how to work with them (Meadows 2008, p. 3). Although
Meadows describes the human body as a complex system, systems of a similar nature are termed as
ecologies in this paper in an attempt to encapsulate their dynamic nature.

Understanding the ecology of any problem in order to bring about considered change, as in any good
design intervention, is crucial. This is important in order that the design intervention is well considered and
the resulting change is a beneficial disruption to the current system. When addressing problems with
designed solutions one needs to be cognisant of the systems on which the designed solution would rely.
This has implications in terms of resilience (unpacked in the following heading) on both the design
intervention and those relying on it (Campbell & Brand 2012, p. 281). Without cognisance of the ecology that
accompanies a presented problem, the problem itself is not defined, making it impossible to solve
effectively without pure luck, which should not be encouraged.

The ecology of a problem is very vast and complex, this makes it difficult to understand and take account of.
However a designer attempts to explore the current ecology of a system, the greater their understanding
and the more poignant and effective any designed disruption can be. Even doctors specialising in a specific
field of medicine are required to study and understand human anatomy as a whole. So even though one
could not legitimately claim to comprehend the full ecology of a problem, one could have a relative
comprehension, and the broader the better. To develop this, one needs to understand the elements
connected within the ecology, since the ecology itself is intangible without its parts. This would require an
in-context immersion into the different elements within the ecology. Typically user-centred design
practitioners would inherently visit the immediate, obvious, context to which the design intervention is
linked. However, there are many other elements which also play an important role in the design
interventions existence and these interconnections require consideration. In other words, the exploration of
additional in-context immersion experiences in order to understand not only at an intellectual level, but

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also at an experiential level (IDEO 2011, p. 46) each of these different elements. This is what is defined in this
paper as Ecology Immersion.

The danger in only immersing oneself in the immediate, obvious context is that this results in a potentially
finite understanding of a problem from the viewpoint of the end-users. Often to solve a problem in the
longer term, one needs to have a broader understanding of the ecology in order to change the broader
system/s that the designed intervention relies on. It may be these system/s that need to be changed since
this is what could have led to the original problem in the first place. Solving only the problem and not
altering the system/s could result in the problem being solved for a finite period, but then the same or a
similar problem being replicated by the system/s that incurred the original problem. Robert Pirsig explains
that ...if a factory is torn down but the rationality which produced it is left standing, then that rationality will
simply produce another factory. If a revolution destroys a systematic government, but the systematic
patterns of thought that produced that government are left intact, then those patterns will repeat
themselves in the succeeding government. Theres so much talk about the system. And so little
understanding (Pirsig 1974, p. 94). It is this broader understanding that the method of Ecology Immersion
aims to seek out. This enables broader systems to be altered, to solve problems not only in the finite manner
but also in the long term and hence become more resilient.

RESILIENCE

Resilience is the capacity of a system to experience shocks while retaining essentially the same function,
structure, feedbacks, and therefore identity (Walker et al. 2006, p. 2). Resilience can refer to a number of
different entities, from people and communities to biological systems, economies and governments.
Resilience in this paper refers to both a design intervention as a physical product, as well as the resilience of
the people relying on the product. The resilience of a product can have a major influence on the resilience of
people or communities because of their reliance on it (Campbell & Brand 2013, p. 281). The ecology of
problems as explored above is related to what can be termed the ecology of a design intervention. When a
design is inserted into the ecology of the problem in order to bring about change, it becomes an element in
the newly readjusted ecology. If this design intervention is not resilient itself, it becomes a point of
vulnerability for not only the entire ecology but also creates a point of vulnerability for the people using it,
thereby possibly compromising the resilience of both the people and the ecology/system (Campbell &
Brand 2013, p. 281).

A diverse system with multiple pathways and redundancies is more stable and less vulnerable to external
shock than a uniform system with little diversity (Meadows 2008, pp. 3-4). In the same way, this can be
applied to products. For example, a products ecology includes its manufacture, distribution network,
functions, market and so on. If these are diverse and multifaceted the products ecology is more resilient,
resulting in a more resilient product, and hence a more resilient broader ecology, ultimately resulting in a
more resilient end-user. Resilience is critical for marginalised people and communities, since any disruption
that is not recovered from quickly can lead to more disruptions, which could put the community in a
position that compromises not only their current, but future wellbeing as well (Pasteur 2011, p. 15).

In order to understand the practical application of In-Context and Ecology Immersion to enhance resilience
in design interventions, the rest of the paper unpacks the design process of a household farming kit
undertaken by the authors over three years (2011-2014).

IN-CONTEXT AND ECOLOGY IMMERSION IN PRACTICE - A HOUSEHOLD FARMING KIT

Small-scale farming falls under the broader context of food security. Food insecurity is a global, national and
community problem, which is highly complex and multifaceted (FAO 2008). When approached from the
level of practical impact, Ian Smillie outlines various systemic issues that unfolded during the development
and commercial sale of product to impact on food security in Tanzania: When the project was conceived,
most oil was imported; prices where high and availability was a problem. By 1986, however, after the
equipment had been developed and the cost of the technology was more or less fixed, import restrictions
were lifted, and the prices of oil fell. Fortunately this did not seriously affect the profitability of the press, but

1337
it signalled a problem frequently ignored in the development of appropriate technology (Smillie 2008, p.
133).

In the example above, the systemic nature of the problem, the design of an oil press, is clearly more than just
the oil press itself, but extends to the Tanzanian governments import policy and how that impacts on the oil
presss commercial viability. Meadows provides insight into problem solving on a range of scales, she
explains that many serious problems, such as food insecurity, have attempted to be solved by focusing on
external agents (2008, p. 4) and have led to the creating of further problems. Hunger, poverty, for
example, persist in spite of the analytical ability and technical brilliance that have been directed toward
eradicating them. No one deliberately creates those problems, no one wants them to persist, but they persist
nonetheless (ibid.). The issue is that these sorts of problems are intrinsically systems problems and can
only be solved by acknowledging the system as the source of its own problems, and find[ing] the courage
and wisdom to restructure it (ibid.).

In order to understand the systemic problem of food insecurity in Johannesburg, the methods of In-context
and Ecology Immersion were utilised in a Masters project undertaken at the Department of Industrial Design
in University of Johannesburg titled Design and Development of a Household Farming kit (HFK) (Brand 2014).
The project built upon a previous mini-dissertation project which also explored the development of small-
scale agricultural equipment. The Masters project aimed to develop a farming kit consisting of a set of basic
equipment for a small-scale farming. The problem identified with existing kits was that they were not
designed as a considered whole but were rather a collection of tools purchased from suppliers. On occasion
these tools overlapped in function and/or were not considered in accordance with the desires and needs of
the farmers who they were given to. The farmers often simply accepted the tools without question since
they received them for free and as the common English saying goes, no one looks a gift horse in the
mouth. The HFK aimed to not only provide the farmers with better, more appropriate equipment but also
provide lower-cost better targeted equipment that functioned as a holistic kit. This more considered kit
could then be provided by NGOs and governmental organisations to more farmers (i.e more kits) for the
same price that the existing kits were being purchased for. The initial concept of the kit consisted of: a
greenhouse which provided farmers with the advantage of crop protection from hail and insects, and an
extended growing season; a multifunctional hoe-tool, which would assimilate a hoe and spade into a single
hand tool; seeds for planting; and an instruction booklet to provide the farmers with sufficient knowledge to
use the kit. This paper focuses specifically on the method of In-context and Ecology Immersion as it
proceeded during the design development of the HFK.

When the project began the study wasnt well defined, so potential partnerships were sought to better
identify and establish its direction. This led to networking opportunities and contact with many
organisations and groups who were also undertaking work in small-scale agriculture. This developed into
the first context in which the researcher was immersed, that of similar stakeholders. This networking enabled
the researcher to become better known within the local community of those working within the realm of
small-scale farming and food security. A number of workshops were attended which helped develop further
opportunities for immersion. Local food markets as well as a range of small-scale farmers were visited as the
project began to take shape. For example, a visit was made to Mr dos Santos (Figure 3) a home food
gardener who grew vegetables since he was not able to purchase the varieties he preferred from retailers.
He had developed an extensive garden growing a wide variety of vegetables in a small area and much
knowledge was garnered from his expertise.

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Figure 3: Mr dos Santos in his home food garden (Photo: Kyle Brand).

As the project began to take shape, an additional multi-stakeholder partnership was established between
the authors, the local Food and Agricultural Organisation of the United Nations (FAO) and the Balimi Food
Security Company (BFSC). This relationship was instigated by the authors after visits to the FAO seeking a
potential partnership and it was the FAO that connected the BFSC and the authors. The BFSC then invited
the authors to a site tour as part of a stakeholder meeting they were hosting. The BFSC asked for assistance
with presenting and communicating their own project and this together with the authors project was
presented to a number of interested parties including officials from the local government office. This
became the first of many partnered presentations to high level government officials such as the Department
of Rural Development and Agriculture, as well as commercial entities such as the Senwes agricultural
company (http://www.senwes.co.za/). These repeated presentations allowed for the researchers greater
understanding of the context of NGOs and governmental organisations.

It soon also became evident that it would be helpful to also start personal experiments with vegetable
growing in order to be able to speak from experience with the farmers working on the project. Using limited
space, a series of box gardens allowing for a range of vegetables to be grown were started at the
researchers home (Figure 4). This not only gave the researcher an empathetic connection to participants,
who were engaged during in-context immersion when visiting the participants in their own contexts, but
also allowed for the immersion into the context of home vegetable growing. This in turn led to other
opportunities linked to home gardening projects.


1339

Figure 4: Carrot grown during personal gardening experiments (Photo: Kyle Brand).

The next context for immersion was with the farmers themselves who would be the users of the farming kit.
A series of prototypes were developed and tested by the farmers themselves. The greenhouse for example,
needed to be set up on the farms by the farmers and was not simply delivered pre-assembled. This resulted
in the researchers working with the farmers in its setup; on occasion this meant first assisting the farmers
with current tasks they were busy with before beginning. During this time, informal conversations with the
farmers encouraged an extended empathetic understanding of their context.

In addition to the immersion with the farmers and the immersions into other interrelated contexts explored
above, the researchers were also following current literature on small-scale agriculture in both
Johannesburg and abroad. This once again expanded the broader understanding of the ecology of the
problem of food insecurity.

All these different contexts into which the authors were able to immerse themselves to different degrees,
with differing stakeholders and in different environments led to a greater understanding of the broader
context and system of food insecurity and small-scale farming in Johannesburg. Initially this method began
merely as partnership seeking, but after a number of immersive experiences the value of such a method
became apparent. This led to a more focused and applied application of what has been described in this
paper as In-context and Ecology Immersion. In a sense, this method developed organically as the project
progressed, but its value became evident from the greater understanding of the ecology of the greater
problem and it was therefore pursued with a greater sense of focus and intention.

The opportunities for immersion were initially sparse, but as the project progressed they became ever more
available. Initially any opportunity to be immersed in a context which was interconnected within the ecology
of food security was seized. However, as many more became available the researchers had to be more
selective and also focus more directly on the context where the final design intervention of the household
farming kit would operate. In Figure 5, the green squares represent different contexts into which the authors
were immersed. In the initial stages, a number of contexts are examined through immersion, but as the
project progressed, exploration could only be sought in selected contexts in order to arrive at a conclusion.
There is also a bulge later (moving from left to right) in the diagram which aims to describe a period when
further contexts were sought and examined in relation to a more defined design intervention. In this case,
this was the examining of different manufacturing methods and the testing of various options for the

1340
prototypes manufacturing. The largest extended green block (running the length of the diagram) represents
the end-users, in this case the farmers, and their context for the design intervention. This is shown as a
continuous line, although it is made up of a large number of shorter immersions, since the in-context
immersion is an experience that extends into the psychological and intellectual realm of the designer and
end-users even though physical contact may not be maintained during the entire period. After a number of
in-context immersions, the ecology of the problem was better understood, which led to more considered
design decisions in terms of the greater system relating to the implementation of the household farming kit.
These decisions included the choice of materials and manufacturing methods used to develop the tools in
the kit; the decision to promote natural farming methods; the adoption of a subsurface irrigation system in
order that the farmers did not till the soil repeatedly, thus encouraging low-tillage farming.

Figure 5: Multi-context outline in terms of time.

Conway and Barber define [agricultural sustainability] as 'the ability to maintain productivity, whether of a
field or farm or nation, in the face of stress or shock'. The stress might be small or large, temporary or
permanent. It could be the result of local factors, such as drought, flood or grasshoppers or it could come
from external forces such as an increase in the price of fertilizer or the withdrawal of technical support.
Sustainability thus determines the persistence or durability of a system's productivity under known or
possible circumstances (Smillie 2008, p. 118). In order that the household farming kit promote agricultural
sustainability it was considered in terms of its local ecology and the greater ecology of food security. This
was undertaken by reducing the price when compared to existing offerings (the kit cost approximately half
that of existing kits); designing the elements so that they can easily be replicated and repaired using local
artisanal skills (observed and investigated during various in-context immersions); and designing the
equipment to fit the specific needs of the farmers together with them, thereby reducing its potential for
redundancy.


1341

Figure 6: The greenhouse design being set up in Kanana (Photo: Kyle Brand).

Phillip Oosthuizen, an industrial design academic, proposes the following factors that all good designs
should consider (Interview 20 March 2014):

! Use - How the design functions. Is it usable, does it consider the person who would operate it?
! Manufacture - How the design is made. What materials to choose, are they repairable, what skills or
machinery are required for the making of the product?
! Business - How does the design make business sense? Is it cost effective and efficient?
! Environment - What impact does the design have on the environment? Is it environmentally
sustainable?
! Society - What impact does the design have on society? Is it a socially considered solution?

Different design projects and design interventions would inherently have a different balance of
consideration for each. These factors of design can act as a good guide for the types of contexts that needs
to be considered in order to develop an understanding of the greater ecology of a design problem. In the
example of the Design and Development of a Household Farming Kit each of these were explored in-context
through immersive experiences: the use of the kit in relation to the farm, the farmers, their households and
small-scale farming; the manufacture by developing a series of prototypes and by experimenting with
different manufacturing techniques for different elements of the kit; the business by interaction with NGOs
and governmental organisations; the environment through various workshops, as well as seeing and
studying a variety of different farming practices; and lastly society through a multi-stakeholder approach to
the entire project.

Adopting a method of In-context and Ecology Immersion helped develop a richer understanding of the
different interconnected contexts related to small-scale farming. This gave the designer a great advantage in
terms of both opportunities for the design, but also in considering potential vulnerabilities in terms of the
greater ecology in which the design would function.


1342
CONCLUSION

This paper has discussed In-context Immersion as a method of gaining empathy for a problem context, but
also unpacks the benefit of understanding the systemic nature of problems and hence the further
methodological development of Ecology Immersion. To have to grapple with divergent problems tends to
be exhausting, worrying, and wearisome (Schumacher 2011, p. 78) but by immersing oneself into many
interconnected contexts one develops a tacit understanding of the ecology thereby putting oneself in a
better position to design a well-considered, resilient product.

Systems thinking and multi-context approaches to design are not original. However, the increased
popularity of social impact design has led to many practitioners diving into an immersive experience with
the end-users of a product/system potentially at the expense of considering the other interconnected
contexts, and thereby the ecology of the greater system. In this lies the potential that the design only
effectively addresses the problem in terms of the current context of the end-users at the expense of a
changing broader ecology, hence limiting the solutions resilience. By defining and proposing In-context and
Ecology Immersion the authors aim to remind designers to consider the greater ecology associated with
problems they are trying to solve. This in turn should result in more resilient and sustainable products that
limit the points of vulnerability for their users.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This work is based on the research supported in part by the National Research Foundation of South Africa for
the Thuthuka grant held by Angus D. Campbell titled Designing Development: An Exploration of Technology
Innovation by Small-scale Urban Farmers in Johannesburg. Any opinion, finding and conclusion or
recommendation expressed in this material is that of the authors and the NRF does not accept any liability in
this regard.

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TPANSIT DPIENTATED DEVELDPMENT AND ITS APPLICATIDN IN A SDUTH AFPICAN CDNTEXT
Tcm Sleer
IN-CDNTEXT AND ECDLDCY IMMEPSIDN FDP PESILIENCE: AN EXPLDPATIDN DF THE DESICN
DF A HDUSEHDLD FAPMINC KIT
Kyle Craham Brand, Angus Dcnald Campbell
ACCESSIBILITY AND HEPITACE IN ITALY
lsabella Tiziana Sleffan
DESICN DF A WHDLESALE KITCHEN MAPKET IN DHAKA CITY
Samina Mazumder Tuli, Nazmul lslam
BUILDINC INTECPATED CDCDNUT ENVELDPE SYSTEMS - PETHINKINC THE PDLE DF 'LDW-
TECH' MATEPIALS FDP HICH PEPFDPMANCE IN THE HDT-HUMID PECIDN
Mae-ling icvenes Lckkc, Anna Dyscn, iascn vcllen
ADAPTINC THE NICEPIAN BUILT ENVIPDNMENT TD CLIMATE CHANCE
Dpaluwa E|iga, Ade|umc T. Dlalun|i, Mcrakinyc D. Kclawcle
SPACE, APCHITECTUPE AND INFPASTPUCTUPE "IN-BETWEEN CITIES". CDANSK - SDPDT CASE
Aleksandra Sas-Bc|arska, Magdalena Rembeza
PLAYCPDUND TYPDLDCIES AND MATEPIALITY FDP SUSTAINABLE PUBLIC DPEN SPACES IN AN
UPBAN CDNTEXT
Andrew Cill
STUDY DF CUIDELINES DF DAPMD CDPPIDDP SUPABAYA AS A FLEXIBLE SPACE DUPINC CAP
FPEE DAY PPDCPAM
Falh Nadizli, Happy Ralna Sanlcsa
AN APCHITECTUPE FDP MAPCINALISED SDUTH AFPICANS: THE PDLE DF EDUCATIDN
Annemarie Wagener
PHYSICAL, SDCIAL AND ECDNDMIC SUSTAINABILITY THPDUCH MALTEPE-BAIBYK
DEVELDPINC AXIS IN THE TPANSFDPMINC CITY DF ISTANBUL
Demel Mulman, Demel lrkli Eryildiz, Candan Dzlke
PEDPLE AND PPDJECTS: THE IMPDPTANCE DF CATALYSTS IN TEACHINC
CDMMUNITY APCHITECTUPE IN SDUTH AFPICA
Amira Dsman, icnalhan Bennell
TDWAPDS A FUTUPE AFPICAN CITYSCAPE: DECD NDUVEAU AFPIDUE (DNA)
Mikhail Peppas, Sanabelle Ebrahim
THE CHALLENCE FDP PPDSPEPITY IN MEXICAN CITIES
Maria Teresa Tre|c Cuzmn
132
1332
1344
1355
136
134
1393
143
1419
1425
1433
1442
1453
1466
SPONSORS
International Union of Architects
South African Institute of Architects
Department of Public Works
eThekwini Municipality
Durban Tourism
South African Council for the Architectural Profession
KwaZulu-Natal Institute of Architects
PPC Cement
Italtile
Barrisol
HP
Intel
)''$
SUPPORTERS
MEDIA PARTNERS
)''%

Brand KG Campbell AD 2014 In-Context and Ecology Immersion UIA2014Durban Pp1332-1343-Libre

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Brand KG Campbell AD 2014 In-Context and Ecology Immersion UIA2014Durban Pp1332-1343-Libre

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