Understanding of Goose Messaging

1
Protection and Control

Communications with IEC 61850
1 Introduction
Eric A. Udren
WSU Hands-On Relay School
March 2013 March 2013
Discussion leader
Eric A. Udren
43 year distinguished career in design & application of protective relaying, control, and communications systems.
Executive Advisor with Quanta Technology, LLC of Raleigh, NC in 2008.
Developing substation protection and control upgrading strategies for major North American utilities, relay
application research and design, and new data communications applications.
Developed software for the worlds first computer-based relaying system.
S i d l i d t l ft d l t f th i d t fi t d l t f LAN b d Supervised relaying and control software development for the industrys first development of a LAN-based
integrated protection and control system.
Designed the first interface of a microprocessor protective relay to an optical current sensor.
Developed the technical strategy for some of the most progressive utility LAN-based substation protection and
control upgrading programs using IEC 61850 and other data communications, including technical design for utility
enterprise integration of substation information.
IEEE Fellow.
Chairman of two IEEE Power System Relaying Committee (PSRC) Standards Working Groups
Chair of PSRC Relaying Communications Subcommittee.
Received the PSRC Distinguished Service Award in 2001 and again in 2006.
Member of IEC TC 57 Working Group 10 responsible for IEC 61850.
Technical Advisor to the US National Committee of IEC for TC 95, Measuring Relays.
Page 2 2013 Quanta Technology LLC Page 2
ec ca d so o e US a o a Co ee o C o C 95, easu g e ays
Member of NERC System Protection and Control Subcommittee (SPCS, formerly SPCTF).
Member of NERC Protection System Maintenance Standard Drafting Team. (PRC-005-2)
Has written and presented over 80 technical papers and chapters of books on relaying topics, and has taught
courses on protection, control, communications, and integration. 2011 GA Tech PRC Walter A. Elmore Best Paper
Award; IEEE Prize Paper Award.
Holds 8 patents on relaying and power-system communications.
Eric is based in Pittsburgh, PA and can be reached at eudren@quanta-
technology.com or (412) 596-6959.
2
Impact of substation data communications
SUBSTA.
LAN
Substation or facility local area
network (LAN)
- Lack of standard protocols and
Goal 1: Collect relay data, give control for
SCADA & facility operators (speed, accuracy, completeness, interoperability).
Goal 2: Access operational and non-operational data from
relays or meters for many business purposes
intervendor communications was a user
issue for years.
relays or meters for many business purposes.
Goal 3: Replace wired P&C schemes with LANs.
Goal 4: Replace switchyard/power equipment wiring for
instrument transformer, status, control signals with LANs.
Relay data for SCADA/EMS
RTUs connect to the same ac and apparatus signals as
the relays lots of extra wiring & electronics.
Microprocessor (P) relays are designed for
measurements status control via LAN data measurements, status, control via LAN data
communications.
Goal 1: Concentrator on LAN collects relay values and
reports to SCADA & local interface computer.
Serial LAN (RS-485, multiple RS-232) still widely used.
Ethernet LAN recommended for Smart Grid
Ethernet LAN recommended for Smart Grid
applications.
Standard protocols DNP3/IEC 60870-5 and Modbus
serial links or Ethernet LAN.
Smart Grid standards DNP3 and IEC 61850.
3
Relay data for SCADA/EMS
Capabilities of new P relays:
Fast response & fresh accurate data.
DNP3 and Modbus on RS-485 serial or Ethernet ports. p
IEC 61850 MMS server-client functions.
IEC 61850 GOOSE high-speed publish/subscribe of status,
metered analogs, synchrophasors.
IEEE C37.118 synchrophasor streaming.
Trial in 2012 61850-90-5 high security WAN
Trial in 2012 61850 90 5 high security WAN
synchrophasors and wide-area GOOSE.
S b t ti
Control centers
- EMS &
SCADA
Planning &
models
Management
Goal 2 - Enterprise information reliability & economic benefits
Substation
LAN
CORPORATE
WAN with
firewalls & push
servers
Integrate relay data
communications to
the enterprise
Dashboard
Asset
M t
Maintenance
servers
Substation
LAN
Databases & back
office applications
for organizational
users
Management
Protection
& Control
Engineering
& models
4
Relay data for non-operational users
Goal 2: Use the same communications facilities to get non-
operational data to the enterprise:
Fault location, outages, failures, and system
maintenance maintenance.
Fault and disturbance recordings, event logs.
Relay and IED self monitoring and failure reporting for
condition based maintenance in NERC PRC-005-2.
Performance statistics - protection & communications
system management.
system management.
Power apparatus monitoring by relays and IEDs.
Measurements for trending system operations
planning, engineering, and protection.
Substation revenue metering.
Protection & control over Ethernet LAN
Goal 3: Replace control wiring with messages
on data networks.
Substations & systems with IEC 61850
GOOSE messaging on optical Ethernet GOOSE messaging on optical Ethernet
LANs in service.
Carry status & control points, including
tripping and lockout.
High-speed analog values capability.
M & l l i l i
Messages & relay logic replace wires,
control switches, lockout switches.
Dramatic wiring reduction in the station.
Can be faster than wiring.
5
Sampled Values service on process bus
Goal 4: Replace switchyard/facility wires with a few optical fibers.
Eliminate conventional cables and surge/EMI pickup
Eliminate conventional cables and surge/EMI pickup.
Move some measurement and control closer to the power
apparatus.
Move the relays away from the apparatus.
Why focus on Ethernet communications?
Important Ethernet networks
bi ti f i d carry any combination of mixed
traffic types, protocols, services
Network tools to manage & prioritize mixed traffic.
Modern Ethernet switches end old concerns about non-
deterministic network traffic with collisions.
Mission critical electric tilit /ind strial applications in ser ice
Mission critical electric utility/industrial applications in service.
Extra network capacity gets cheaper rapidly.
Development of IT is crowding out other approaches.
6
Big standard, evolving for 18 years and still going...
10 original parts now in Edition 2, plus >23 new parts!
Multiple services not a monolith:
IEC61850 Communicationnetworksand
systemsforpowerutilityautomation
Multiple services not a monolith:
Server-client design for Ethernet networks.
Application layers for utility/industrial system application.
High speed protection, control, and sampled data streaming services.
System-wide data and control services and methods.
Single international standard for power system communications.
N t j t t l i l d f ti d li t d d
Not just a protocol includes function modeling standards.
Recognized by DOE & NIST as a Smart Grid communications
backbone NIST Smart Grid Interoperability Panel (SGIP)
Category of Standards (CoS) listing.
What is IEC 61850?
A single international Ethernet based standard data communications
protocol & model structure with services and features aimed at protection
and control requirements:
Relay/IED measurement & control exchanges with substation hosts
RTUs, concentrators, HMIs client-server objects.
High-speed status, control, analog value transfer over LAN to eliminate
control wiring GOOSE messaging.
Switchyard/switchgear data acquisition and apparatus control sampled
values (called process bus).
Services for time synchronization (SNTP - obsolete), file transfer (FTP).
Reporting and configuration services
Reporting and configuration services.
Standardized automatic configuration of substation IEDs (SCL).
New wide-area communications services.
Vision of a complete solution to replace existing diverse protocols and
communications systems.
7
IEC 61850 is not just a protocol on a wire
A modeling approach, a system architecture, and a protocol.
Multiple services.
Models for
P&C functions &
Ti
Switchyard
sampled value
streaming
IEC 61850
Architecture
High-speed
GOOSE control
messaging
TCP/IP
Ethernet
LAN/WAN
Standardized
configuration
process
points
Time
synch
with SNTP
COMTRADE
Fault records
TCP/IP,
UDP/IP,
Layer 2
multicast
US approach UCA

2
1994
Evolution of IEC 61850
DNP3 becomes IEEE 1815 & stays strong
European
The international goal agree on a
single standard
US approach UCA 2
1996
One standard
IEC 61850
2000-2012
May 2000
Asheville, NC
European
experience
IEC 60870-5
IEC 60870-6
IEC 61850
UCA 2 & IEC
61850 merge
IEC 60870-5 vendors shifting support away
8
IEC 61850 wiring reduction
Integrated P&C system using fiber
optic network cables
Ethernet
Conventional
point to point
wiring
Standard
objects
objects,
models,
& point
descriptions
Be careful the wiring
goes away, but not the
complexity...
Part 1: Introduction and Overview Part 7-4: Compatible Logical Node Classes
and Data Classes
Part 7-3: Common Data Classes
Part 7-2: Abstract Communication Services
System Aspects
Part 2: Glossary
Part 3: General Requirements
Part 4: System & Project Management
Data and Services Model
IEC 61850 Edition 1 Documents
Configuration
Mapping to Ethernet
Interface (ACSI)
Part 7-1: Principles and Models
Part 4: System & Project Management
Part 5: Comms. Requirements for
Functions and Device Models
Part 8-1: Mapping to MMS and ISO 8802-3
(Ethernet)
Part 9-1: Sampled Values over Serial
Unidirectional Point-to-Point link
Part 6: Configuration Description
Language for Communication in
Electrical Substations
Part 10: Conformance Testing
Technical Report / Specification
using ISO 8802-3 (defunct)
Part 9-2: Sampled Values over ISO 8802-3
Test
Electrical Substations
International Standard (IS)
9-2 LE: UCA Implementation Agreement for
merging units in switchyards (LE = Lite
Edition)
9
IEC 61850 as multivendor standard
Aims for integration of multiple vendors
devices.
Each product has its own list of implemented
services and features.
Conformance a product is tested to validate
that its included services conform to standard
specs.
Vendor gets KEMA, TV SD, etc. certificate.
Interoperability two or more products actually
exchange information (no certification yet).
exchange information (no certification yet).
Be aware of compliant creativity, generic
modeling shortcuts. Will products actually
interoperate?
Performance a system of products performs
the application properly (no certification yet).
OSI 7-Layer Communications Stack
Layer Name Function
7 Application Meaningofthedata(utilityuserspecifics)
6 Presentation Buildingblocksofdataandencryptionforsecurity
5 Session Openingandclosingspecificcommunicationspaths
4 Transport Errorchecking
3 Network Determiningthedatapathswithinthenetwork
2 Li k i i d d i i h k
2 DataLink Datatransmission,sourceanddestination,checksum
1 Physical Signallevels,connections,wires,fiber,wireless
10
MMS
IEC 61850 Applications
A li ti P fil
IEC 61850 profile or stack - client-server exchanges
ISO CO Session
ISO CO Presentation
TCP
IP
RFC1006 - ISO TP0
Application Profile
Transport Profile
Ethernet
Fiber, Twisted Pair Cu
p
Client - server Sampled
Application (Objects,Services)
IEC 61850 Communications stack mappings
Client - server
communications
GOOSE
Sampled
Values
High-speed messaging
on LAN skip WAN
layers and processing
MMS
Mapping
Ethernet Link Layer (with Priority, VLAN)
Ethernet 100 MB/s Fiber
aye s a d p ocess g
delays
TCP
IP
GOOSE&
SampledValues:
Layer2multicast
11
IEC 61850 Station Bus protocol services
SCADA
Stationbusmappings(81)
ForSCADA,protection,control,and
informationfortheenterprise
Obj t MMS d TCP/IP l
Station Bus
Substation
Host
ObjectsonMMSandTCP/IPlayers
GOOSE(onDataLinklayer2)
Timesynch(SNTP)[LaterIEEE
1588/C37.232]
Relay 3 IED2
Relay 1
MU - VT
MU - CT
Process Bus
IEC 61850 server-client object services
The bulk of the standard (Parts 7-1, -2, -3, -4; new 7-
5, new applications) describes object modeling
methods.
In general, relays and IEDs are servers; higher-level
computers and systems are clients.
Data messages include point descriptions or
semantics self-identifying.
Products are self-describing aimed at making
configuration faster and easier than with manual point
configuration faster and easier than with manual point
maps used with other protocols (Substation
Configuration Language, Part 6).
12
Object models - logical groupings
Data
Logical Device
LN2
(MMXU)
LN1
(XCBR)
Pos
A
Ph 1 Ph 2 StV q
Logical Device
(1 to n)
Logical Node
(1 to n)
Data Class
Data
Physical Device
(network address)
Physical Device
(network address)
(IED1)
Physical Device
A single name always used for a particular function.
E h b i f i h
Logical Node (LN)
Each substation function may use one or more other
logical nodes to perform its job (e.g., distance protection
needs measurements from logical nodes CT and VT).
13
L: system LN (2) M: Metering and measurement (8)
P: protection (28) S: Sensor and monitoring (4)
R: protection related (10) X: switchgear (2)
Logical node groups
C: control (5) T: instrument transformers (2)
G: generic (3) Y: power transformers (4)
I: interfacing and archiving (4) Z: further power system equipment (15)
A: automatic control (4)
Examples of Logical Nodes (LNs):
p g ( )
PDIS: Line distance protection
PDIF: Differential protection CSWI: Switch controller
RBRF: Breaker failure MMXU: Measurement unit
XCBR: Circuit breaker YPTR: Power transformer
Disconnect sw.
Q9_L1/XSWI
Grounding Switch
Q8_L1/XSWI
Logical Nodes (LN)
Control
Q0/CSWI
Q8/CSWI
Q9/CSWI
Bay-HMI
IHMI
Primary equipment
Control house
equipment
Distance Protection
PDIS
Circuit Breaker
Q0_L1/XCBR
Gas density monitoring
Q0_L1/SIMS
14
Accessing data
PTOC
RREC
+
+
IED1/XCBR.Pos
IED1
Tree view
Mode (Mode)
Beh (Behavior )
Health (Health)
Name (Name plate)
Loc (Local operation)
EEHealth (External equipment)
EEName (External equipment name plate)
O C t (O ti t )
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
XCBR
-
OperCnt (Operation counter)
Pos (Switch position)
BlkOpen (Block opening)
BlkClos (Block closing)
ChMotEna (Charger motor enabled)
CBOpCap (Circuit breaker operating capability)
POWCap (Point On Wave switching capability)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Accessing data
Mode (Mode) +
XCBR
PTOC
RREC
+
+
-
IED1/XCBR.Pos.stVal
IED1
Mode (Mode)
Beh (Behavior )
Health (Health)
Name (Name plate)
Loc (Local operation)
EEHealth (External equipment)
EEName (External equipment name plate)
OperCnt (Operation counter)
Pos (Switch position)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
-
( p )
ctlVal
stVal
pulseConfig
operTim
q
more
intermediate-state (0)
off (1)
on (2)
bad-state (3)
15
Helpful explanation of 61850 modeling
By Karlheinz Schwarz
By Karlheinz Schwarz,
Netted Automation GmBH
See
http://www.nettedautomation.com/qanda/iec61850/information-service.html#Q1
Example:
Substation (S151) Voltage level (E1) Bay (Q3)
Physical Device (BC) Logical Device (CTR)
Hierarchical standard object naming
<prefix> <Logical Node> <instance>
Data description (from common data class, CDC)
Attribute the current value
In MMS notation:
S151E1Q3 $ BCCTR $ Q0XCBR1 $ Pos $ ST$ stVal
Interpretation: (Substa-V-bay) . (Physical box, and functional
l i hi h h b k i ) (I f B k
element within that has breaker image) . (Image of Breaker
Q0) . (Data name Pos is position value) . Functional
Constraint ST (a momentary status report only) . [the status
value report transition, open, closed, invalid]
16
LN example control, breaker, voltage reg.
Note generic LNs manual config. versus std. defined
LNs supporting auto config.
Time synchronization
IEC 61850 specifies simple network time protocol
(SNTP) from the IT world.
Accuracy assured only within a few milliseconds y y
(although some claim better recently).
Requirement for time stamping of events and
oscillographic records is 1 ms (from NERC, for event
analysis)
Requirement for time synchronization of waveform
equ e e t o t e sy c o at o o a e o
sampling for process bus merging units is 1 to 10
microseconds, tighter for synchrophasors.
17
Time synchronization
The practical solution wired IRIG-B or fiber
connections of time synchronization signals directly from
GPS clock IED to IEC 61850 servers and clients.
Same as non-61850 practice
Leaves a few wires in an otherwise clean design
IEEE 1588 a new standard for time synchronization on
a LAN with sub-microsecond accuracy IEC 61850
profile started at IEEE PSRC WG H7.
PC37 238 IEEE 1588 Profile for Protection Applications
PC37.238 IEEE 1588 Profile for Protection Applications
Configuration with 61850-6 SCL tools
Unified configuration of entire facilities via XML file
process even over wide area.
Not exactly plug-and-play.
Functional specifications &
design standards
18
Some configuration tools
Siemens DIGSI (oldest)
GE EnerVista (umbrella for many functions; SCL added)
SEL AcSELerator Architect
ABB ITT Integrated Toolset (recent benchmark, but only ABB)
Applied Systems Engineering (ASE) Visual SCL
Triangle Microworks SCL File Editor, Anvil, Forge
Kalkitech SCL manager
Helinks (from 61850 developers)
Grid Smart 61850easy handy diagnostics
Tools are biggest challenge area of active work and user
complaints.
2 - GOOSE Messaging and Networks
Eric A. Udren
March 2013
19
Fast relaying over Ethernet LAN
From Part 1 -
Goal 3: Replace control wiring with messages on
data networks.
Logic in the relays exchanges messages over Logic in the relays exchanges messages over
high speed redundant optical LANs to replace
wires, control switches, lockout switches.
Dramatic wiring reduction in the station.
Many installations designed with IEC 61850
GOOSE messaging on LANs are in service.
Status points control including tripping and
Status points, control including tripping and
lockout, high-speed analog values.
Can be faster than wiring.
Role of IEC 61850 GOOSE messaging
IEC 61850 GOOSE messaging provides:
High-speed peer-to-peer transfer of status/control bits (reporting
contact state over a wire) or analog values including synchrophasors
for protection and control.
GOOSE messaging plus programmable logic in relays and IEDs
replaces panel wiring and controls.
Benefits wiring and control elimination, panel and floor space
reduction, less equipment overall in P&C system, continuous
monitoring and management of the system design (wiring)
monitoring and management of the system design ( wiring ).
Works with other IEC 61850 services, or without them (e.g., with
60870-5 or DNP3 polling for SCADA)
20
61850 GOOSE and GSSE messaging
Generic Object Oriented
Substation Event.
A relay or IED can send a y
sequence of control, status point,
or analog value messages to
replace control and measurement
signals on dedicated wires.
Not just a single message to request remote action
A process to continuously send intended state from
A process to continuously send intended state from
transmitting IED like a contact that picks up and drops out
at critical moments.
Even if a subscribing (receiving) relay is just powered up, it
can get updated status it needs.
GOOSE Protocol in 61850-8-2
Application layer directly accesses link layer for speed no TCP/IP
Uses Ethernet frame directly with Priority/VLAN 802.1Q tag
Use priority 4 due to criticality or messages.
VLAN use is optional. p
Fields in payload - source ID, status bits, analog values, time stamp,
sequence number, time to live, quality bits, test modes.
Typical packets 200 300 bytes long.
Ethertype (8100 = Ethernet
21
Publisher-subscriber exchange:
Each relay publishes a continuous stream of packets with values
that others might need.
Overview of GOOSE messaging
Any other relay or IED can subscribe to (view contents from) the
streams it needs.
Publisher just talks does not know who subscribers are, or
whether they got the messages in the stream.
Overview of GOOSE messaging
AdaptiverateofGOOSEmessagetransmission:
Time values are examples in standard manufacturers vary.
Some let you set base heartbeat rate and acceleration profile.
Heartbeat reports values during quiescent times:
Communications monitoring by all subscribing relays
Communications monitoring by all subscribing relays.
Update of latest status in case of any relay on the LAN that was
just turned on.
Modern LAN with Ethernet switches handle all the messages even for
a worst-case power system event.
22
GOOSE packet rates
SEL example, set 1 s
heartbeat:
Message
b
Intervalfrom
i
Time
k
GE UR V5.70 example:
number previous,ms mark,ms
1 N/A 0
2 4 4
3 8 12
4 16 28
5 32 60
6 64 124
6 64 124
7 128 252
8 256 508
9 512 1 s
Did the GOOSE messages arrive?
Publisher-subscriber exchange:
Unconfirmed service, backed up by:
Constant repetition or updating Constant repetition or updating.
Redundancy in LAN and relaying
architecture.
Monitoring and alarming by subscriber
IEDs that fail to receive publishers
message stream call maintenance for
repair.
Wires cannot continuously monitor
themselves as GOOSE messages can do!
2011Penwell&Quanta
TechnologyLLC
44
23
Analog GOOSE messaging
Concept - send analog values with same millisecond
exchanges as for status or control points.
Change events defined by settable measurement Change events defined by settable measurement
deadband.
Multiple values in one GOOSE packet.
Analog GOOSE messaging
Products today:
Send analog values at a fixed slower rate 100 ms
or 250 ms not as useful for relaying as GOOSE
t t i t status points.
Some will send values at rate driven by status points
in message, but analogs are repeated and updated
every 100 to 500 ms.
NEW: publish synchrophasor values at a rate of 2 to
4 per second (GE and SEL) - Synchrophasor time
4 per second (GE and SEL) Synchrophasor time
tags in packets.
Ask vendor how to get at GOOSE time tag not the
same as synchrophasor time tag.
This GOOSE is too slow for high speed WAMPAC.
24
Speed of GOOSE messaging
GOOSE message control can
be faster than a wired
connection! Save 1-4 ms.
How?
A wired trip signal goes through:
The relay processor output program loop delay.
Output delay of hardware interface to wires.
Input debounce filter delay of receiving relay.
Signal waits milliseconds for the input processing
g p p g
program logic loop to notice it and react.
GOOSE message bits are sent and read directly
between relay processors with microsecond Ethernet
delays.
Products vary ask manufacturer, or test.
Electromechanical lockout switch drawbacks
Adds 1 cycle operating time.
Funnels wiring from bus full of
breakers into one panel location.
A lot of wiring.
Wiring reflects and must adapt to
changes in substation topology or
relaying philosophy.
Rarely operates in normal service
j d d t t i
some jam and dont trip.
Dangerous testing challenge -
NERC says test it.
Big cost adder to scheme
deterrent to differential relay use.
25
Distributed lockout with GOOSE
Each relay with relevant breaker control keep track of
lockouts in effect, by logic programming.
Relays are coordinated by the lockout initiating relay, or
b t ti t l k t it f ti by a station computer lockout monitor function.
Each relay has a nonvolatile memory of lockout state
(some use mechanically latched output relays).
Uses messaging capabilities already in new relays.
No extra wiring or cost.
Self monitoring feature eliminates testing problem.
As fast as direct tripping.
See 2009 NETAWorld article by Myrda, Donahoe, Udren
for design example.
Ability to trip is monitored
End-to-end check of GOOSE communications:
Transformer relay publishes a GOOSE message including a bus
breaker trip bit.
Normal-state message (do not trip) is generated every second by DSP
in transformer relay.
Passed through communications network to bus relay DSP
Bus relay DSP alarms if no-action message disappears.
Wires cannot check themselves this completely!
Line Relay
Bus Relay
System A
System A
System A
Xfmr Relay
System A
Monitor
IED
System A
Ethernet Switch
System A
52
TC
26
Engineering of mission
Redundant station bus
for IEC 61850 GOOSE
messaging
Engineering of mission
critical substation
Ethernet network
No single point of failure
within each of dual
redundant LANs.
Use relay primary and
f il ti l Eth t
failover optical Ethernet
ports.
Dual switches and paths
for GOOSE messages.
Multicast GOOSE messages have no destination address
Designed to stay within a LAN or Virtual LAN.
Do not pass through routers to the WAN or other LANs.
GOOSE and wide area networks
But routers make secure bridged connection between two
LANs separated by a WAN works like one big LAN.
Useable for transfer tripping, monitoring, control or load
mitigation via WAN.
Need cyber security VPN, firewalls, etc.
Slows down messaging today 20 ms getting faster
Slows down messaging today 20 ms, getting faster.
See IEC 61850-90-1 for teleprotection over WAN
examples.
See 61850-90-5 for new GOOSE streaming over WAN.
52
2013QuantaTechnology,LLC
27
Settings management
Need a closed-loop business process that initiates and
tracks all installation and updating of setting records.
Communicates with the IEDs themselves (over WAN is
future method) to check consistency between the data
base and the installed settings and firmware.
Need a convenient way of installing settings within the
management system in every use case.
Firmware update, maintenance check, operating
emergency, relay replacement, etc.
New software data base tools can connect with tested
d i t t i t d f t
devices, test equipment, and enforce management
processes OMICRON, EnoServ, IPS, others.
This is a big need for all 61850 services and systems, and
all new complex relays and IEDs!
Using 61850 services on the LAN
Use client-server exchanges of standard defined objects for
metering, status, control, and IED configuration.
Metering and status via polling or report-by-exception.
No visible impact on installation benefit is drive to easy No visible impact on installation benefit is drive to easy
engineering and maintenance.
DNP3 can perform similar role with familiar manual point
configuration lists.
GOOSE messaging and Sampled Values service get rid of
conventional control wiring among relays, IEDs, power apparatus
design commitment; visible change.
DNP3 has no high speed data or control ability like GOOSE or Sampled Values
New 90-5 R-GOOSE and R-SV over WAN.
LAN can carry mixed traffic e.g. DNP3 metering and status, non-
61850 legacy device traffic, plus GOOSE for wiring elimination.
28
3 - Recent Developments in IEC 61850
Eric A. Udren
March 2013
IEC 61850 is living and growing
IEC 61850 Edition 1 the
seed 1700 pages
IEC 61850 Edition 2 IEC 61850 Edition 2
International application
improved models
Expanded structure
Improved clarity
TISSUES (b ) l d
TISSUES (bugs) cleared
New practical features
New application domains
29
IEC 61850 is branching
New parts of IEC 61850
Expanding outside the
substation
Between substations Between substations
To control centers
Communications and
application modeling across
the entire power system
Integration with enterprise
systems
systems
Interfaces with popular
SCADA and control protocols
Wide-area high-speed data &
control services with security
What is new in Edition 2 of existing parts?
Clarifications and corrections (TISSUES)
Modeling
Power Quality
Statistical evaluation of information
New models for mechanical equipment and measurements of
non-electrical quantities
New features for testing support
Support for exchange of engineering information for
configuration across projects and between facilities
configuration across projects and between facilities
Redundancy possibility to have IEDs with dual
connections
30
Testing improvements
Edition 1 required expedient user construction of
testing facilities (mainly with GOOSE).
Edition 2
/f f Mirroring/feeding back control information
Isolation of functions in service
Interlocking test methods
IEC 61850 new parts
New facilities modeling:
IEC 61850-7-410 Hydroelectric power plants
Communication for monitoring and control
IEC 61850-7-420 Communication Systems for
Distributed Energy Resources (DER)
IEC 61850-7-500 /-7-510 (Technical Reports)
Explains how to use the concepts of IEC 61850 to model
applications
IEC 61400-25-x Communications for monitoring and
control of wind power plants
31
More new parts under development
Part 7-5 - defines the usage of information models for
substation automation applications - examples on how to
apply logical nodes from 7-4 for various applications.
Part 7-10- web based IEC 61850 models
More consistent implementations than those from programmers
reading paper documents.
Part 100-1 - Methods for functional testing in IEC 61850
based systems.
Configuration management of IEC 61850 based systems
Configuration management of IEC 61850 based systems
Mappings for gateways
IEC 61850-80-1 Guideline for
exchange information from a
common data class (CDC) based
data model using IEC 60870-5
Station Controller &
Gateway
60870
61850
data model using IEC 60870 5
IEC 61850-80-2/IEEE
1815.1 Exchanging
Information between
networks implementing IEC
61850 and IEEE 1815
(DNP3)
DNP Master
DNP Outstation
Bay Controller
61850
Protection
61850
(DNP3)
Just starting IEEE C37.118
synchrophasors to IEC 61850-90-5
synchrophasors at PSRC
IEC 61580 Client
IEC
61850
Device
IEC
61850
Device
IEC
61850
Device
IEC
61850
Device
Gateway
32
How to address new areas?
Technical reports explain How to use IEC 61850 for...
Technical reports describe:
The use cases considered
The impact on the communication
The impact on the modeling
The impact on the engineering
Results will be used to update the standards later.
( d t diti )
(amendments or new editions)
Technical reports (not standards)
IEC 61850-90-1: Using IEC 61850 for communication
between substations (published)
IEC 61850-90-2: Using IEC 61850 for communication
b t b t ti d t l t between substations and control center
IEC 61850-90-3: Using IEC 61850 for condition
monitoring
IEC 61850-90-4: Network engineering guidelines
IEC 61850-90-5: Using IEC 61850 to transmit
h h i f ti di t IEEE C37 118
synchrophasor information according to IEEE C37.118
Really important how to stream sampled values,
synchrophasors, or GOOSE messages over WAN with
security using standard IT services
33
90-1 on interstation communications
61850 communications, modeling/semantics, & system engineering
across stations need Ethernet communications.
GOOSE needs LAN, or equivalent
Ethernet between stations:
Wideband direct interfaces of LANs
Tunnel that filters and directly passes packets over WAN
Gateway that acts as a proxy for packets e.g. teleprotection device
Ethernet LAN/WAN configuration advice
Station A Station B
? ?
Teleprotection equipment
acting as gateway
?
Function
A1
Function
A2
Function
B1
Function
B2
Transparent Tunnel
? ?
Proxy
B1
?
61850-90-2 and 90-3
90-2 - Using IEC 61850 for the communication between substations
and control centers in development
90-3 Condition monitoring of primary power apparatus
communications & asset management requirements:
Transformers, LTCs
GIS
Lines, UG cables
Sta. batteries
34
Part 90-4 - Network Engineering Guidelines
Ethernet network&
physical layers were black
box you make it work.
Now comprehensive
guidance on reliable
network design.
Part 90-4 - Network Engineering Guidelines
Layer 2 redundant network paths for protection messages
Short-bump or bumpless rerouting for segment failures
62439-3 Parallel Redundancy Protocol (PRP) 2 LANs
62439-3 High availability Seamless Redundancy (HSR)
Rapid spanning tree protocol (RSTP) from IT and redundancy simple and
fine!
DANH
CPU
DANH
CPU
source
A-frame
(HSR)
B-frame
(HSR)
destinations
C-frame D-frame
DANH
CPU
DANH
CPU switch
RedBox
singly attached nodes
interlink
DANH
CPU
DANH
CPU
DANH
CPU
DANH
CPU
DANH
CPU
DANH
CPU
DANH
CPU
DANH
CPU
DANH
CPU
DANH
CPU
destinations
35
90-5 WAN synchrophasor transport
Sampled Value or GOOSE publish/subscribe across the WAN useful
way beyond just synchrophasors.
Add layer 3 transport UDP/IP unicast or multicast (unconfirmed
efficient stream of data packets not like slow, confirmed TCP/IP) p , )
Routers can search for subscribers and establish routes dynamically
using Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) V.3, a standard IT
router service.
New - a big deal end-to-end authentication in the packet!
SHA-2 authentication hash code - computed in real time.
Needs new PMU/relay platforms/processors to compute
Needs new PMU/relay platforms/processors to compute
authentication hash code (coming in 2012).
Industry standard Group Domain of Interpretation (GDOI) security
key distribution/management.
Packet encryption specification can be done in routers.
WG17 technical reports - SG integration
IEC 61850-90-6: Using IEC 61850 for distribution automation.
IEC 61850-90-7: IEC 61850 object models for photovoltaic, storage
and other DER inverters.
IEC 61850-90-8: IEC 61850 object models for electrical vehicles.
IEC 61850-90-9: IEC 61850 object models for battery storage systems.
IEC 61850-90-10 DER scheduling.
IEC 61850-90-11 Modeling of
IEC 61850 90 11 Modeling of
programmable logic per IEC 61499.
IEC 61850-90-14 Modeling of FACTS
power controllers
36
IEC 62445-2 Standard for communications between
substation and control center.
C C f C
Other standards projects supporting IEC 61850
IEC 62351-6 - Cyber security structure for IEC
61850.
Harmonize data models of IEC 61968 Common
Information Model [formerly EPRI CIM] and IEC
61850.
Product development
61850 compliant relays and IEDs are widely available.
Its been a long expensive road for manufacturers they are
committed to development.
See http://www.ucausersgroup.org/ for list of compatible
d t d th i f ti products and other information.
In early 2012 lots of servers (relays), growing choices for
clients (substation hosts), emergence of commercial process
bus (sampled data) systems based on IEC 61869-9.
Learn status at UCA International Users Group
http://sharepoint.ucausersgroup.org/default.aspx
Reports and related standards developments at IEEE Power
S t R l i C itt (PSRC) ti
System Relaying Committee (PSRC) meetings
http://www.pes-psrc.org/
Articles in PACworld magazine
http://www.pacw.org/home.html
37
IEC 61850 supported in products
Embeddable stacks for sale to IED manufacturers Triangle
Microworks and SISCO.
Supported by IED manufacturers SEL, GE, Siemens, ABB,
Alstom Grid/Schneider, ZIV, RFL, Ametek Pulsar, others.
R l t t t f t i t d i 61850 d t Relay test set manufacturers introducing 61850 products
OMICRON, Doble, Megger, others.
Industry-standard conformance testing program per 61850-10
and UCAIUG program with laboratories.
Substations with significant 61850 in North America since 2005
going into design standards at large utilities.
Used in critical special protection schemes.
IEC 61850 versus DNP3
DNP3 Pros
IEEE 1815 standard, long
complete (according to its own
targets)
Widely sold and used
IEC 61850 Pros
Single international Smart Grid integration
standard suite
All required services
All major vendors support
Widely sold and used.
Debugged, stable
Supported by Users Group
DNP3 Cons
No high speed control or data
services,
Just for SCADA
High-speed control (GOOSE) and process
data (Sampled Values) including wide-area
and security
Models the functions for automated
integration process (little hand configuration)
Supported by Users Group
IEC 61850 Cons
Integration tools have been work in progress
Just for SCADA
Manual configuration of points and
data types takes time.
Mostly North American
Integration tools have been work in progress
for a long time
Interoperability work in progress
Big product development effort, depending on
scope focus.
Design for usability and maintenance is an
area of opportunity
38
Troubleshooting Ethernet/61850 systems
Function level monitoring - program the relay logic to report data
sent/received catches most problems!
This is an IT network.
Basic tools for Ethernet networks e g WireShark Basic tools for Ethernet networks e.g., WireShark
Protocol-specific tool examples:
Applied Systems Engineering DNP3 Analyzer
SMC 61850 GOOSEMeter (hand tool)
61850Easy configuration/troubleshooting tools
SISCO AXS4MMS Client - analyzer for relays (servers).
SISCO GOOSE Blaster simulator
NetScout network traffic monitoring for GOOSE
Most important design functional test
features into the logic.
61850 progress
Massive standard growing beyond 2000 pages
(users dont need to read all this).
Continuing development and issue resolution among
vendors users and standards developers vendors, users, and standards developers.
Edition 2 and new parts of 61850 are being published.
Supported by todays major relay vendors.
Paper and article traffic reaching saturation level.
Varying interpretations by vendors require industry
conformance test program
conformance test program.
61850 reaches inside the devices there are problems
get experienced guidance for standard development.
DNP3 remains a widely used client-server protocol that
works on Ethernet (hand point map; no GOOSE).
39
Steps of typical IEC 61850 project
Each utility has unique organization and needs
1. Data gathering engage all stakeholders up front!
2. Develop specifications.
3. Develop Request for Information (RFI) with specs. p q ( ) p
4. Conduct RFI & process get back a practical plan?
5. Business case - justify proceeding?
7. Full specifications.
8. RFP & vendor selection for trial standard system.
9. Detailed design with vendors.
10. Organizational design and preparation.
10. Organizational design and preparation.
11. Development lab, training facilities.
12. Field trials.
13. Standards development; procedures and documentation.
14. Interface systems to the utility enterprise.
4 - Sampled Values Service & Process Bus
Eric A. Udren
March 2013
40
Sampled Values service for process bus
If a LAN can carry critical
relaying traffic in the control
h it d t d house, can it carry data and
control between the switchyard
and the control house?
Goal 4: Replace switchyard wires with a few optical fibers.
Eliminate conventional cables and surge/EMI pickup.
Move some measurement and control out to the yard, closer to the
power apparatus
power apparatus.
Just a few wires left - we still have to get dc and station service
power out to the yard.
Process bus
Voltages, currents, and status sampled near the source and
converted directly to Ethernet packet stream.
Multiple sample sets per packet for data transmission efficiency.
Support trend towards intelligent power apparatus - relays,
metering, control IEDs installed directly in the power apparatus,
even in the factory.
Reduce field wiring cost.
Cut wiring losses and burdens.
Add field signals without new wiring to control house.
41
Process Bus concept
P
1 OR
MORE
A/D
Sub-
system
CTs,
VTs
LP FILTER
LP FILTER
LP FILTER
LP FILTER
M
U
X
SAMPLE
AND
HOLD
Ethernet Network
Communications
If we cut a microprocessor based relay in two and put a communications
bus between the I/O and the processing...
Comm.
Controller
A/D
Sub-
system
M
U
X
S/H & Filter
S/H & Filter
S/H & Filter
S/H & Filter
O/E
Substation
LAN
Control House Switchyard
VTs
Relay Output
Relay Output
Relay Output
Trip and
alarm
circuits
Contact Inputs
Status
contacts
POWER SUPPLY
125 Vdc Station
Battery Supply
P
Comm.
Controller
P
Comm.
Controller
O/E
Relay Output
Combining data from diverse locations around the
switchyard
Process Bus
LAN
Comm.
Controller
A/D
Sub-
system
M
U
X
S/H & Filter
S/H & Filter
S/H & Filter
S/H & Filter
Relay Output
Optical fibers
Process bus services in 61850-9-2
Sampled values protocol (on data
link layer 2 for speed and simplicity)
GOOSE (on data link layer 2 for
d d i li i )
SCADA
speed and simplicity)
Time synch (SNTP)
Relay 3 IED2
Relay1
Station Bus
Substation
Host
y IED2
y
MU - VT
MU - CT Process Bus
MU = switchyard Merging Unit
42
Line Protection Bus Protection
Ethernet
Controller
Ethernet
Controller
Merging unit
Merging Unit
Ethernet
Controller
IEC 61850-9-2
Process Bus
Binary Inputs &
Control Outputs
Ethernet Switch
C37 92 OVT
Sample timing synchronization
with
Combined
ECT and EVT
MOCT
fiber
EOVT
fiber
Conventional VTs
Conventional CTs
C37.92 OCT
C37.92 OVT
Process Bus Protocol in 61850-9-2
Application layer directly accesses link layer for speed same as GOOSE
messaging no TCP/IP
Uses Ethernet frame directly with priority/VLAN .1Q tag
Use priority 4 due to criticality or messages, same as GOOSE p y y g ,
VLAN use is optional
What goes into the packet payload?
Ethertype (8100 = Ethernet
43
IEC 61850-9-2 frame generic and flexible
Octets 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Notes

Preamble

Start of frame
0
1
2

2
3
4
5
Destination address

6
7
8
9
10
11

Header
MAC

Source address

Refer to Address
Fields section.
12
13
TPID

14
15
Priority
tagged

TCI

Refer to Priority
Tagging/VirtualLAN
section.
16
17
Ethertype

18 Length Start
19
APPID

20
Ethertype PDU
Octets 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
1
2
TPI D

0x8100 (802.1Q Ethertype)

3 User priority CFI VI D
4
TCI
VI D
Servi ce Def aul t VI D Def aul t pr i ori t y
20
21
Length (m + 8)

22
23
Reserved 1

24
25
Reserved 2

26
.
m + 26

APDU (of length m)

Ethertype PDU

Refer to Ethertype
and Other Header
Information
section.
.
.1517

(Pad bytes if necessary)

.
.
.
.1521

Frame check sequence

Servi ce Def aul t VI D Def aul t pr i ori t y
Sampled Values 0 4
9-2 LE Implementation Guideline
44
IEC 61850-9-2 LE Data Set
Fixed sampling rates of 80 or 256
samples per power cycle at 50 or
60 Hz.
Fixed data frame format
Fixed configuration format
9-2 LE fiber 1 pps synchronizing clock input specs
45
Unified substation-wide LAN using 9-2 LE
Chopping up the ring for redundancy
Design concept of big ring station/process bus does not separate the zones
of protection zones share merging units and communications.
Relay engineers are used to separating zones of protection for reliability &
failure mode handling. g
Another way to apply MUs
dedicated merging unit
function for each zone,
each location, and
System A or System B
full redundancy and
isolation.
isolation.
This takes a lot more
equipment but
separates zones.
46
Another direction 61850-9-2, but not 9-2 LE
GE Multilin HardFiber process bus system.
Uses conformant 61850-9-2 sampled values frame.
Uses 61850-8-1 GOOSE for sampling synchronization and control .
61850-8-1 GOOSE is not how 9-2 LE synchronizes sampling not
compatible with other vendors MUs.
Technically thoughtful (an opinion) architecture solution that
addresses application concerns:
Isolation of protection zones.
Isolation of redundant systems.
Works ith toda s GE UR rela s
Works with todays GE UR relays.
Each relay drives its own data sampling, as it does conventionally.
Tracks system frequency and avoids distance relay polarizing
problems.
Design includes solutions to installation efficiency and testing issues.
GE HardFiber process bus system
Weatherproof Brick mounts on apparatus; has four mini merging units
inside GE calls them cores.
Connect to relays in control house via premade fiber assemblies and
weatherproof connectors. eat e p oo co ecto s
Images
courtesy
GE Multilin
47
GE HardFiber components
GE prefab multiple fiber plus power
cable from Brick to SCE relays in
SCE facility.
Variety of standard lengths up to 500
meters.
C il th bl h
GE prefab copper cable
for field connections
CTs, PTs, contacts, trip
circuits.
Coil the excess cable where
convenient.
Brick end and indoor end shown.
Images
courtesy
GE Multilin
Indoors:
Cross connect
panel.
Fibers to/from
relays.
Power from panel
to remote Brick via
HardFiber cable.
Flexible easy
patching of Brick
patching of Brick
cores to multiple
GE UR relays.
Images
courtesy
GE Multilin
48
Process card replaces UR analog/binary input card.
A special purpose Ethernet switch connecting
multiple brick core fiber signals to the protection
processor.
NOTE: No network connection is possible to
existing UR Ethernet port used for:
IEC 61850 GOOSE messages to control center.
Relay settings, events, or configuration.
Isolated by protection application processors.
Cant hack from Brick into substation network.
Critical CIP compliance help.
Image
courtesy
GE Multilin
GE HardFiber system configuration
Sampling is triggered by downward GOOSE messages, not 1 pps
timing fibers across switchyard.
Electronic data sources are not shared across zones or between
redundant systems.
Image
courtesy
GE Multilin
49
HardFiber interoperability with other vendors?
ABB, Siemens, Alstom Grid, SEL
used 9-2 LE.
9-2 LE is an implementation
id li t t f 61850 t d d guideline, not part of 61850 standard.
Brick cannot work in a 9-2 LE system
& vice versa.
What about multiple vendors and
interoperability of 61850?
2012 - a way out of the impasse
Merging unit standards project in IEC TC 38 (Instrument
Transformers) IEC 61869-9 Merging Unit Standard.
IEC 61869-9 cites 61850-9-2 and chooses specific options one
sampling rate only (4 kHz), standard frames, etc. even more
specific than 9-2 LE.
Eliminates 1 pps fiber time synchronization - IEEE 1588 precision
timing protocol (PTP) on the existing Ethernet connection to
synchronize samples.
Every vendor can adapt its products to work with this standard
without big hardware changes.
GE and the others said they will adapt to published standard
GE and the others said they will adapt to published standard.
Products interoperate, with flexible architectures.
Implementation agreement in drafting.
50
Ngrid UK 400 kV process bus demo
Ratcliffe indoor
substation
Switchyard maintenance solution!
51
Cost effective partial solution
Extend the station bus into the switchyard for binary
status and control I/O.
Put a remote binary I/O relay (SEL 451, GE UR C90+,
etc.) in the switchyard for all status and control via
GOOSE.
Wire only the CTs and CVTs back to the control house.
Eliminate 70-80% of switchyard wiring.
We can do it right now.
Solution for NU 61850 EHV P&C design standard.
Questions?
eudren@quanta-technology.com or (412) 596-6959.

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Protection and Control

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