LAMPIRAN 2

Organizational Commitment Questionnaire

The Organizational Commitment Questionnaire(ORQ) is a measure that was
initially developed by Porter and Smith in 1!" to measure #ommitment within an
organization$ The measure was #reated with #ommitment %being a generally a&&e#tive
rea#tion to the organization rather than spe#i&i#ally to the wor'$(
1
This relates dire#tly
to organizational diagnosis) in that it measures employees* #ommitment to the
organization oppose to their parti#ular +obs$ ,n this #onte-t) organizational
#ommitment is %de&ined as the strength o& an individual*s identi&i#ation with and
involvement in a parti#ular organization) and is said to be #hara#terized by three
&a#tors. a strong belie& in) and a##eptan#e o&) the organization*s goals and values/ a
readiness to e-ert #onsiderable e&&ort on behal& o& the organization/ and a strong
desire to remain a member o& the organization$(
1

This organizational #ommitment measure was and still is being utilized by
many$ ,n the 1!"*s) people su#h as 0err and 1ermeir used this measure to analyze a
group o& 112 poli#e o&&i#ers$ ,van#evi#h employed the OCQ in a study o& 134
engineers and O*Reilly and Roberts diagnosed 356 members o& a high te#hnology
naval aviation unit$
1
Today organizations are still relying on this measure to diagnose
organizational #ommitment$ , &ound several arti#les that entailed studies on
#ommitment using the OCQ$
7s noted in the 1ournal o& Psy#hology(18)) a study was done on 13"
employees o& a mid97tlanti# insuran#e #ompany$ They used the short &orm o& the
OCQ to measure #ommitment) whi#h resulted in a #oe&&i#ient alpha o& "$1$
6
7##ording to the 7#ademy o& :anagement 1ournal(13)) a study was per&ormed by
a large multinational &irm in the southeastern ;nited States e-amining 621 managers
and 22 subordinates$ ,n their resear#h) they also used the OCQ to measure
employees* #ommitment to the organization (#oe&&i#ient alpha "$8!)$
2
,n addition) the
1ournal o& ,nternational <usiness Studies indi#ated that this measurement was even
being used internationally$ 7##ording to this arti#le) the 1apanese used the OCQ to
measure #ommitment in a study that %involved 1apanese &irms and &irms &rom eleven
other #ountries where business is #ondu#ted primarily in =nglish$(
4
Their sample
identi&ied a population o& 88" with a #oe&&i#ient alpha o& "$8!$
4
This measure has proven to be reliable and valid over and over$ %The
Organizational Commitment Questionnaire has been used su##ess&ully with high
reliability in over thirty9&ive studies in organizational behavior$(
4
,ndividuals su#h as)
>ubin) Champou- and Porter(1!3)) :owday) Porter) and >ubin(1!4)) Porter)
Crampon) and Smith(1!5)) Porter) Steers) :owday) and <oulian(1!4))
Steers(1!!)) Steers and Spen#er(1!!)) and Stone and Porter(1!3)
1
) has proven this
measure to be a #ompetent tool to measure organizational #ommitment$ The OCQ
#oe&&i#ient alpha is eviden#ed to remain #onsistently high in the studies done by the
a&orementioned names in addition to other people who used the ?uestionnaire years
later and #on#luded a #oe&&i#ient between the #on&irmed ranges) "$86 to "$2 with a
median o& "$"$
1
The Organizational Commitment Questionnaire has 13 items) si- o& whi#h are
negatively phrased and reversed s#ored with a seven9point response dimension$
1
The
?uestionnaire is as &ollows.
1$ , am willing to put in a great deal o& e&&ort beyond that
normally e-pe#ted in order to help this organization be
su##ess&ul
6$ , tal' up this organization to my &riends as a great
organization to wor' &or
2$ , &eel very little loyalty to this organization(R)
4$ , would a##ept almost any type o& +ob assignment in order
to 'eep wor'ing &or this organization
3$ , &ind that my values and the organization*s values are very
similar
5$ , am proud to tell others that , am part o& this organization
!$ , #ould +ust as well be wor'ing &or a di&&erent organization
as long as the type o& wor' were similar(R)
8$ This organization really inspires the very best in me in the
way o& +ob per&orman#e
$ ,t would ta'e very little #hange in my present
#ir#umstan#es to #ause me to leave this organization(R)
1"$ , am e-tremely glad that , #hose this organization to wor'
&or) over others , was #onsidering at the time , +oined
11$ There*s not too mu#h to be gained by sti#'ing with this
organization inde&initely(R)
16$ O&ten) , &ind it di&&i#ult to agree with this organization*s
poli#ies on important matters relating to its employees(R)
12$ , really #are about the &ate o& this organization
14$ @or me this is the best o& all possible organizations &or
whi#h to wor'
13$ >e#iding to wor' &or this organization was a de&inite
mista'e on my part(R)
1
The responses in#luded A Strongly disagree/ :oderately
disagree/ Slightly disagree/ Beither disagree nor agree/ Slightly
agree/ :oderately agree/ Strongly agree/ s#ored 1 to !
respe#tively$
1
The OCQ #ould be used to measure employees* #ommitment to an
organization$ @or e-ample the OCQ #ould be used to measure the sales&or#e*s
#ommitment to C@P) in the C@P #ase$ The organization #ould have given this
?uestionnaire to several or all departments within the #ompany and #ompared them to
the sales&or#e$ ,& the sales&or#e*s #ommitment rated low on the measurement*s s#ale)
then the regional sales managers would 'now that #ommitment within their
department was none-istent/ there&ore) #ausing problems to emerge$ The
measurement would also alert the managers) that i& #ommitment were down) then
other areas su#h as +ob satis&a#tion and the a##eptan#e o& the organization*s goals
would also be minimal$ 7&ter determining the problem) managers would be able to
go into their departments and ma'e provisions$
The Organizational Commitment :easure was lo#ated in The =-perien#e o&
Dor'. 7 Compendium and Review o& 64 :easures and their ;se) written by 1ohn >
Coo') Sue 1$ Cepworth) Toby >$ Dall) and Peter <$ Darr$
Endnotes
1$ Coo') 1ohn >$) Cepworth) Sue 1$) Dall) Toby >$) and Darr) Peter <$ The
=-perien#e o& Dor'. 7 Compendium and review o& 64 :easures and their ;se$
Eondon. 7#ademi# Press ,n#$
6$ S#happe) Stephen P$ The ,n&luen#e o& +ob satis&a#tion) organizational
#ommitment) and &airness per#eptions on organizational #itizenship behavior$
Fol$ 126) The 1ournal o& Psy#hology) "39"1918) pp$ 66!(14)$
2$ Shore) Eynn :#@arlane) <ar'sdale) 0evin) Shore) Ted C$ :anagerial per#eptions
o& employee #ommitment to the organization$ Fol$ 28) 7#ademy o& :anagement
1ournal) 169"1913) pp$ 132(62)$
4$ Cullen) 1ohn <$) 1ohnson) 1ean E$) Sa'ano) Tomoa'i$ 1apanese and lo#al partner
#ommitment to ,1Fs. psy#hologi#al #onse?uen#es o& out#omes and investments in
the ,1F relationship (international +oint ventures)$ Fol$ 65) 1ournal o&
,nternational <usiness Studies) "29"1913) pp$ 1(63)$