MALE REPRODUCTIVE MALE REPRODUCTIVE

SYSTEM
Male reproductive tract Male reproductive tract
The testes which is devided into: The testes, which is devided into:
seminiferous tubules
rete testis rete testis
the epididymis
the ductus deferens the ductus deferens
Th th The urethra
The accessory glands The accessory glands
The seminal vesicles (60% of semen) ( )
slightly alkaline
high concentration of fructose
t l di prostaglandins
fibrinogen
The prostate gland (20-30%of semen) The prostate gland (20 30% of semen)
seminalplasmin (antibiotic)
slightly acidic
The bulbourethral gland
thick alkaline mucus
Seminiferous tubules Seminiferous tubules
Intertitial cells (Leydig cells) produce Intertitial cells (Leydig cells) produce
testosterone
Sustentacular cells (sertoli cells) are Sustentacular cells (sertoli cells) are
important in spermatogenesis
S t i Spermatogenesis
Sustentacular cells (sertoli) Sustentacular cells (sertoli)
Blood-testis barrier Blood testis barrier
Promote mitosis and meiosis
S t i i Support spermiogenesis
Secretion of Inhibin
Secretion of Androgen-binding protein
(ABP) ( )
Secretion of Mullerian-Inhibiting factor
(MIF) (MIF)
Spermatogenesis Spermatogenesis
Mitosis
daughter cells are diploid (46 chromosomes)
one remains its place, the other moves to the
lumen of seminiferous tubules lumen of seminiferous tubules
produce primary spermatocytes
Meiosis Meiosis
meiosis I produce secondary spermatocytes
meiosis II produce spermatids which are
h l id (23 h ) haploid (23 chromosomes)
Spermiogenesis
produce spematozoa produce spematozoa
Neuroendocrine process in Males
The epedidymis The epedidymis
Monitors and adjust composition of Monitors and adjust composition of
the fluid produced by the seminiferous
tubules tubules
Recycles damaged spermatozoa
St d t t t (2 Stores and protects spermatozoa (2
weeks) and complete the maturation
Ductus deferens Ductus deferens
Stores spermatozoa (several months) Stores spermatozoa (several months)
Smooth muscle contractions propel
spermatozoa and fluid along the duct spermatozoa and fluid along the duct
Semen Semen
a milky white, sticky mixture of sperm a milky white, sticky mixture of sperm
and accessory gland secretions.
Slightly alkaline, pH 7.2 7.6 Slightly alkaline, pH 7.2 7.6
Volume 2-5 ml
50 130 million spermper mililiter 50-130 million sperm per mililiter
Fluid comes from seminal vesicle
60% prostate gland 30% sertoli cells 60%, prostate gland 30%, sertoli cells
and epididymis 5%, and bulbourethral
gland less than 5% gland less than 5%
Erection Erection
Enlargement and stiffening of the Enlargement and stiffening of the
penis, results from engorgement of
the erectile bodies with blood the erectile bodies with blood
Controlled by parasympathetic reflex,
NO release smooth muscle NO release, smooth muscle
relaxation, arteriole dilatation
Ejaculation Ejaculation
Propulsion of semen fromthe male duct Propulsion of semen from the male duct
system
Under sympathetic control y p
As a result:
Reproductive duct and accessory gland p y g
contract
The bladder spinchter muscle constrict
The bulbospongiosus muscles undergo
a rapid series of contractions
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM SYSTEM
Female reproductive tract Female reproductive tract
Ovaries
Uterine tubes
fimbriae
Infundibulum Infundibulum
Ampullae
isthmus
Uterus
endometrium
Myometrium Myometrium
perimetrium
Vagina
oogenesis oogenesis
The Ovarian cycle The Ovarian cycle
1. The formation of follicular cells
Follicle cells enlarge & do repeated division
Granulosa cells are formed
Theca cells form a layer around follicles
Gl t i l ll d ll id Glycoprotein layer called zona pellucida
Granulosa and theca cells produce estrogens
2. The formation of secondary follicles
the wall of follicles thicken and starts to produce fluid the wall of follicles thicken and starts to produce fluid
(antrum)
3. The formation of tertiary follicle
only a single follicle only a single follicle
Oocyte project into the antrum
Follicle is mature, roughly 15 mm, make buldge in the
surface of ovary
4. Ovulation 4. Ovulation
the tertiary follicle releases the oocyte with
corona radiata
End of follicular phase and start of lutheal
phase
5 The formation and degeneration of 5. The formation and degeneration of
corpus luteum
tertiary follicle collapses &reamining tertiary follicle collapses & reamining
granulosa cells create corpus luteum
Progesterone is produced to prepare the
t f uterus for pregnancy
6. Unless fertilization occur, corpus luteum
degenerates to corpus albicans degenerates to corpus albicans
The uterine cycle The uterine cycle
1. Menses
the degeneration of the functional zone of endometrium
30-50 ml blood of blood is lost
2. The proliferative phase
th ith li l ll f t i l d lti l & d the epithelial cells of uterine glands multiply & spread
across endometrium
Produce mucus of glycogen
Stimulated &sustained by estrogens Stimulated & sustained by estrogens
3. The secretory phase
endometrial gland enlarge, accelerate secretion
Arteries elongate &spiral through the tissue Arteries elongate & spiral through the tissue
Stimulated & sustained by progesterons and estrogens
from corpus luteum
SEXUAL DIFFERENTIATION SEXUAL DIFFERENTIATION
Puberty Puberty
Is the period of life Is the period of life
Happens when reproductive organs
growto their adults size &become grow to their adults size & become
functional
Thi i t i i l l This occur in response to rising level
of gonadal hormones (GnRH)
Secondary sexual characteristics are
pronounced