"Cooperative bank" redirects here. For banks by this name, see Co-operative Bank.
A statue of cooperative pioneer Robert Owen stands in front of the Manchester head office of the UK's Co-operative Bank Cooperative banking is retail and commercial banking organized on a cooperative basis. Cooperative banking institutions take deposits and lend money in most parts of the world. Cooperative banking, as discussed here, includes retail banking carried out by credit unions, mutual savings banks, building societies and cooperatives, as well as commercial banking services provided by mutual organizations (such as cooperative federations) to cooperative businesses. Contents 1 Institutions o 1.1 Credit unions o 1.2 Cooperative banks o 1.3 Land development banks o 1.4 Building societies o 1.5 Others o 1.6 International associations 2 By region o 2.1 Canada 2.1.1 Quebec o 2.2 United Kingdom o 2.3 Continental Europe o 2.4 United States o 2.5 India o 2.6 Israel o 2.7 Cyprus 3 Microcredit and microfinance 4 List of cooperative banking institutions 5 See also 6 References 7 External links Institutions Credit unions Main article: Credit union Credit unions have the purpose of promoting thrift, providing credit at reasonable rates, and providing other financial services to its members. [1] Its members are usually required to share a common bond, such as locality, employer, religion or profession, and credit unions are usually funded entirely by member deposits, and avoid outside borrowing. They are typically (though not exclusively) the smaller form of cooperative banking institution. In some countries they are restricted to providing only unsecured personal loans, whereas in others, they can provide business loans to farmers, and mortgages. Cooperative banks Larger institutions are often called cooperative banks. Some are tightly integrated federations of credit unions, though those member credit unions may not subscribe to all nine of the strict principles of the World Council of Credit Unions (WOCCU). Like credit unions, cooperative banks are owned by their customers and follow the cooperative principle of one person, one vote. Unlike credit unions, however, cooperative banks are often regulated under both banking and cooperative legislation. They provide services such as savings and loans to non-members as well as to members, and some participate in the wholesale markets for bonds, money and even equities. [2] Many cooperative banks are traded on public stock markets, with the result that they are partly owned by non-members. Member control is diluted by these outside stakes, so they may be regarded as semi-cooperative. Cooperative banking systems are also usually more integrated than credit union systems. Local branches of cooperative banks select their own boards of directors and manage their own operations, but most strategic decisions require approval from a central office. Credit unions usually retain strategic decision-making at a local level, though they share back-office functions, such as access to the global payments system, by federating. Some cooperative banks are criticized for diluting their cooperative principles. Principles 2-4 of the "Statement on the Co-operative Identity" can be interpreted to require that members must control both the governance systems and capital of their cooperatives. A cooperative bank that raises capital on public stock markets creates a second class of shareholders who compete with the members for control. In some circumstances, the members may lose control. This effectively means that the bank ceases to be a cooperative. Accepting deposits from non-members may also lead to a dilution of member control. Land development banks The special banks providing Long Term Loans are called Land Development Banks, in the short, LDB. The history of LDB is quite old. The first LDB was started at Jhang in Punjab in 1920. This bank is also bassed on Co-operative. The main objective of the LDBs are to promote the development of land, agriculture and increase the agricultural production. The LDBs provide long-term finance to members directly through their branches. [3]
Building societies Main article: Building society Building societies exist in Britain, Ireland and several Commonwealth countries. They are similar to credit unions in organisation, though few enforce a common bond. However, rather than promoting thrift and offering unsecured and business loans, their purpose is to provide home mortgages for members. Borrowers and depositors are society members, setting policy and appointing directors on a one-member, one-vote basis. Building societies often provide other retail banking services, such as current accounts, credit cards and personal loans. In the United Kingdom, regulations permit up to half of their lending to be funded by debt to non-members, allowing societies to access wholesale bond and money markets to fund mortgages. The world's largest building society is Britain's Nationwide Building Society. Others Mutual savings banks and mutual savings and loan associations were very common in the 19th and 20th centuries, but declined in number and market share in the late 20th century, becoming globally less significant than cooperative banks, building societies and credit unions. Trustee savings banks are similar to other savings banks, but they are not cooperatives, as they are controlled by trustees, rather than their depositors. International associations The most important international associations of cooperative banks, which is based in Paris, is the International Cooperative Banking Association (ICBA), which has member institutions from around the world, and the Brussels based European Association of Co-operative Banks. By region Canada In Canada, cooperative banking is provided by credit unions (caisses populaires in French). As of September 30, 2012, there were 357 credit unions and caisses populaires affiliated with Credit Union Central of Canada. They operated 1,761 branches across the country with 5.3 million members and $149.7 billion in assets. [4]
Quebec The caisse populaire movement started by Alphonse Desjardins in Quebec, Canada, pioneered credit unions. Desjardins opened the first credit union in North America in 1900, from his home in Lvis, Quebec, marking the beginning of the Mouvement Desjardins. He was interested in bringing financial protection to working people. United Kingdom British building societies developed into general-purpose savings and banking institutions with one member, one vote ownership and can be seen as a form of financial cooperative (although many de-mutualised into conventionally owned banks in the 1980s and 1990s). The UK Co- operative Group includes both an insurance provider, The Co-operative Insurance, and The Co- operative Bank, both noted for promoting ethical investment. Continental Europe Important continental cooperative banking systems include the Crdit Agricole, Crdit Mutuel, Banque Populaire and Caisse d'pargne in France, Rabobank in the Netherlands, BVR/DZ Bank in Germany, Banco Popolare, UBI Banca and Banca Popolare di Milano in Italy, Migros and Coop Bank in Switzerland, and the Raiffeisen system in several countries in central and eastern Europe. The cooperative banks that are members of the European Association of Co-operative Banks have 130 million customers, 4 trillion euros in assets, and 17% of Europe's deposits. The International Confederation of Cooperative Banks (CIBP) is the oldest association of cooperative banks at international level. In Scandinavia, there is a clear distinction between mutual savings banks (Sparbank) and true credit unions (Andelsbank). United States
This section requires expansion. (July 2011) Credit unions in the United States had 96.3 million members in 2013 and assets of $1.06 trillion. [5][6]
India The origins of the cooperative banking movement in India can be traced to the close of 19th century when, inspired by the success of the experiments related to the cooperative movement in Britain and the cooperative credit movement in Germany, such societies were set up in India. Cooperative banks are an important constituent of the Indian financial system. They are the primary financiers of agricultural activities, some small-scale industries and self-employed workers. The Anyonya Co-operative Bank in India is considered to have been the first cooperative bank in Asia. Israel Ofek (Hebrew: ) is a cooperative initiative founded in mid-2012 that intended to establish the first cooperative bank in Israel. [7]
Cyprus The Co-operative Central Bank Ltd (CCB) [8] was established in 1937 under the Co-operative Societies Laws and Rules having as its main purpose the provision of banking and other ancillary services to member co-operative societies which form the backbone of the agricultural community of Cyprus. Over the years the Bank has seen the need to expand and diversify its activities and is now in a position to provide the full range of services normally offered by comprehensive rural banks. The establishment of the Bank was a major event and turning point in the development of the Co-operative Movement and has proved instrumental in eradicating the then prevalent usury and exploitation of farmers. Its progress has been rapid and its success beyond the expectation of the pioneers of the Co-operative Movement. In mid 2013, Cyprus Co- operative banking system announced a major restructuring, where a list of 18 companies would be created by merging the existing 93 Cooperative Banks. [9]
Microcredit and microfinance The more recent phenomena of microcredit and microfinance are often based on a cooperative model. These focus on small business lending. In 2006, Muhammad Yunus, founder of the Grameen Bank in Bangladesh, won the Nobel Peace Prize for his ideas regarding development and his pursuit of the microcredit concept. List of cooperative banking institutions Cooperative banking institutions Name Country Members (2010) [10]
Assets (2010 US$ millions) [10]
Type Alternative name Notes Crdit Agricole France
[11]
Joint stock CASA Majority owned by Cooperative banking institutions Name Country Members (2010) [10]
Assets (2010 US$ millions) [10]
Type Alternative name Notes bank federation of credit unions DZ Bank Germany
Bank Deutsche Zentralgenossenschaftb ank German Central Cooperative Bank Owned by three quarters of all Volksbank and Raiffeisenba nk (cooperative banks) in Germany and Austria Caisse d'Epargne France
literally savings bank Credit union federation Rabobank Netherlan ds 1,500,000 + Credit union federation Nationwide Building Society UK
Building society World's largest building society Groupe Banque Populaire France 3,400,000
Desjardins Group Canada 5,795,277 [ 12]
Credit union federation
Leading bank in Quebec Raiffeisen Zentralban k Austria
Bank RZB sterreich Credit union federation Progoti Co- operative Land Developme nt Bank Limited Banglades h Bank Progoti Bank The largest Land Developmen t Bank in Bangladesh Nonghyup South Korea Banking division National Agricultural Cooperative Federation Approx US$230 Cooperative banking institutions Name Country Members (2010) [10]
Assets (2010 US$ millions) [10]
Type Alternative name Notes of agricultur al cooperativ e (NACF) billion in loans Iccrea Banca Italy
Bank Istituto Centrale del Credito Cooperativo Cassa Centrale Banca - Credito Cooperativ o del Nord Est Italy
Bank CCB
Raiffeisen Landesban k Sdtirol Italy
Bank Cassa Centrale Raiffeisen dell'Alto Adige
Raiffeisen Schweiz Switzerla nd Credit union federation Banco Cooperativ o Espaol and Caja Rural Spain
OP-Pohjola Group and Pohjola Bank Finland
31% share of Finnish credit market, and 32% share of savings and deposit market [13]
bankmecu Australia 125,000+ $3b bank
Australia's first customer owned bank Bank Persatuan Malaysia 46,135 86,375,542. 97 Bank Koperasi Bank Persatuan Malaysia Berhad 2nd national cooperative bank in Malaysia Cooperative banking institutions Name Country Members (2010) [10]
Assets (2010 US$ millions) [10]
Type Alternative name Notes Co- operative Bank UK Not applicable [ 14]
[15] Bank
Subsidiary of consumer cooperative Navy Federal Credit Union US 3,004,352 33012 Credit union Shared Interest UK
[16]
Cooperati ve lending society
Finance for fair trade GLS Bank Germany
The Cooperativ e Bank New Zealand 120,000+
Bank
Banco Credicoop Argentina
See also
Cooperatives portal Building society Credit union Savings and loan association Mutual savings bank References 1. E.g., 12 U.S.C. 1752(1), available at http://www.ncua.gov/RegulationsOpinionsLaws/fcu_act/fcu_act.pdf; CUNA Model Credit Union Act 0.20 (2007); see also 12 U.S.C. 1757, available at http://www.ncua.gov/RegulationsOpinionsLaws/fcu_act/fcu_act.pdf; CUNA Model Credit Union Act 3.10 (2007). 2. The Co-operative Bank of the UK strictly limits its borrowing from the markets, according to an October 2008 statement [1]: ... we do not borrow in the financial markets in order to lend. Our lending capital is generated from customers' investments and savings, leaving us a good deal less exposed to the vagaries of the market than many of the major lenders. 3. TNAU. "LAND DEVELOPMENT BANK". TNAU Agritech Portal. Retrieved 8 January 2014. 4. Credit Union Central of Canada. "System Results: National System Review, Third Quarter, 2012". Retrieved 12 December 2012. 5. "2013 Annual Report". www.ncua.gov. National Credit Union Administration. Retrieved 6 September 2014. 6. Marte, Jonnelle (August 5, 2014). "About 100 million Americans are now using credit unions. Should you join them?". The Washington Post. Retrieved September 5, 2014. 7. http://www.jpost.com/Business/Business-News/Ofek-aims-to-bring-social-banking-to- Israel-as-first-credit-union-331207 8. "Cyprus Co-operative Central Bank Ltd", 7 March 2014 9. "Merge of Cooperative Institutions". Cyprus Real Estate. urbansplash.com.cy. 7 March 2014. Retrieved 25 August 2013. 10. Figures at close of institution's 2007 financial year, from organization's annual report. If no US$ equivalent given in annual report, exchange rate of December 31, 2007, used. 11. EUR 31 billion 12. Desjardins Group figures - Information as at December 31, 2008. Available at http://www.desjardins.com/en/a_propos/qui-nous-sommes/chiffres.jsp 13. "Key figures". Unico Banking Institute. 2006. 14. Co-operative Bank customers are eligible to join its parent Co-operative Group 15. 13.1 billion GBP 16. GBP 25.1 million External links
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History of the cooperative movement .coop
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PSCADB
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THE PUNJAB STATE COOPERATIVE AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT BANK LTD Mission:- Self Reliance & Development of Rural Punjab
The Punjab State Co-operative Agricultural Development Bank Limited, which was previously known as The Punjab State Co-operative Land Mortgage Bank Ltd., was registered on 26.02.1958, under the Cooperative Societies Act basically with the object to grant long term loans to the owners of land or other immovable property, to enable them to discharge their debts, to carry out Agricultural improvements, to acquire land for the formation of economic holdings and other like purposes and thereby to promote thrift and self help among them.
At the initial stage, the Bank had started functioning through the Central Cooperative Banks, by appointing them as its Agents. The Agency system was discontinued in the year 1962 when 14 Primary Cooperative Land Mortgage Banks , now known as Primary Cooperative Agricultural Development Banks came into existence and were affiliated to the Punjab State Co-operative Agricultural Development Bank, for the purpose of advancing long term loans to the farmers in the State.
The long term structure in the Punjab State, as such, is a Federal Structure with Punjab State Cooperative Agricultural Development Bank ( in short, SADB) as an Apex Institution with Primary Cooperative Agricultural Development Banks as its members (in short, PADB). At present, the number of the Primary Cooperative Agricultural Development Banks in the State is 89 besides two other members i.e. Punjab State Electricity Board and Punjab State Tubewell Corporation. Each PADB, while seeking membership to the SADB is required to purchase atleast, one share of the value of Rs. 1000/- and pay Rs. 1000/- as Admission Fee.
ADVANCEMENT OF LOAN
Initially the Bank started advancing loans for the purpose of Redemption and Purchase of land so as to make land holdings economically viable. After sometime, the Bank also started providing loans for the improvement of Banjar, Alkaline and Saline lands. Thereafter, the Bank played a substantial role in the mechanisation of farming in the State by advancing loans for the purchase of Tractors, Agricultural Implements and installation of Tubewells etc. The substantial contribution of this Bank in ushering in Green Revolution in the State, has always been considered significant. After the Green Revolution, the Bank played meaningful role for the diversification of agriculture loan by providing loans to the farmers for the various allied agricultural activities like Dairy, Poultry, Fishery etc. Now, Punjab is the largest producer of milk and SADB has made a major contribution to this achievement. Today, every third Tubewell installed in the State is financed by this Bank.
Similarly, every fourth tractor in the State is financed by this Bank. The Bank has contributed significantly in White Revolution and Blue Revolution by providing loans for the purposes of Dairy and Inland Fishery. At present the Bank is implementing the schemes for the following purposes :- 1. Installation of Tubewells. 2. Purchase of Tractors 3. Soil Conservation. 4. Horticulture and Grapes Cultivation 5. Reclamation of Alkaline Land 6. Dairy Development 7. Poultry Development 8. Animal Driven Carts 9. Farm Forestry(Poplar Plantation) 10.Inland Fishery Farms. 11.Installation of Bio-gas Plants. 12.Establishment of Broiler 13. Bee Keeping 14.Sheep Rearing 15. Mushroom Cultivation 16. Calf Rearing 17. Purchase of Threshers 18.Purchase of Agri. Implements. 19. Redemption of Mortgaged Land 20.Purchase of Land 21. Construction of Cattle Sheds/ 22.Sand Scraping etc. Small Godowns 23. Non Farm Sector 24.Flouriculture 25. Purchase of Second-hand Tractor 26.Rearing of Rabbits 27. Purchase of harvester combines 28. Rural Godowns .................................etc. The Bank is also playing a vital role in elimination of unemployment in the State. For this purpose, the Bank provides gainful self employment to the educated unemployed youths for establishment of Dairy Units of 10, 20, 30 & 50 animals etc. and Poultry units of 2000 Birds with the cooperation of the Dairy Development Department Punjab and Department of Animal Husbandry, Punjab respectively. NON-FARM SECTOR
Switched over to Non-Farm Sector in the year 1993 - 94 and started financing ventures of Self-Employment in Manufacturing, Processing and Service Activities. Objectives To generate self-employment and business expansion/diversification. Major Activities
Agro-Processing, Milk Processing, Dairy Products, Fruit Processing, Floor Mills, Rice-Shellers and Oil Mills , Cattle Feed Plants, Cold Storage, Brick Kilns Hotels, Road-side Restaurants and Eating Joints, Computer Centers, Photostat, STD / PCO, Transport Vehicles, Tent Houses, Boring Machines, Agri-Clinics, Artificial Insemination Centers . New Ventures:
Floriculture Rabbit Rearing Calf Rearing Drip Irrigation Agri-clinics / Agribusiness Centres Cold Storage Two Wheelers Sprinkler Irrigation Aonla development Bulgarian Roses Jasmine & Marigold Rural Godowns / Onion Godowns, Godowns cum Shed for storage of grains & parking of Agricultural Machinery Commercial Dairy Projects. Rate of Interest on loans advanced by PADBs
Sr. No. Loan Slab Present Rate of Interest 1. Upto Rs. 50,000/- 10.75% 2. Rs. 50,001 and above 12.00%
Contact Information:-
Contact Address (SADB) : The Punjab State Cooperative Agricultural Development Bank Ltd. SCO 53-54, Sector 17-B, Chandigarh-160017 Tel No.: 91-172-5011708 Fax : 91-172-2705513 E-mail ID:- pscadb@glide.net.in
Punjab State Co-operative Bank Ltd Chapter-2 (Manual-I) Particulars of Organisation, Functions and Duties. Punjab State Co-operative Bank Ltd The Punjab State Cooperative Bank Limited Chandigarh OBJECTIVES : The objectives of the Bank are :- To promote and propagate the creation of a Cooperative Common wealth through socio-economic transformation of the community by peaceful and democrative means, maintaining the Cooperative character, following cooperative principles of voluntary association based on equal footing, democratic management, elimination of scope of individual profit, practice of thrift and readiness to work for mutual and common cause. MISSION : Promotion and sustenance of economic interest and providing easy finance, cost effectives and quality banking services to customers and PACS. OBJECTS : The objects for which the Bank is established are as under :- 1. To serve as a balancing center for cooperative societies (hereinafter called the society/societies) in the State of Punjab registered under the Act for the time being in force. 2. To promote the economic interest of the members of the Bank and Cooperative Societies in the State in accordance with cooperative principles and to facilitate the development and funding of any Cooperative Society registered under the said Act. 3. To establish and support or aid in the establishment of and support to association, institutions, funds, trusts and convenience designed to benefit the employees or ex-employees of the Bank or the dependents or connections of such persons to grant pensions and allowances and make payment toward insurance. 4. To provide long term loan for the maximum period of 15 years to the individuals, Coop. House Building Societies, Federation of Coop. House Building Societies and members of Group Housing Societies for purchase of house or construction thereof by enrolling member/nominal members so as to read as 4.4. To carry on Punjab State Co-operative Bank Ltd banking and credit business not repugnant to the provisions of the Act and the Rules framed thereunder for the time being in force and in particular to provide credit facilities to the members. Providing Long Term Loan for the maximum period of 15 years to individuals, Coop.House Building Societies and members of Group Housing Societies for purchase of house or construction thereof by enrolling members/nominal members. 5. To adopt such measures as are conducive to the spread of cooperative education and training. 6. To promote and develop Cooperative Societies in the State. 7. To do all such other things as are incidental or conducive to the promotion or advancement or objects of the Bank. 8. To solicit or procure insurance business as a Corporate Agent. Brief History: The Punjab State Cooperative Bank was established at Shimla in the year 1949 as Apex Bank of three tier short term Cooperative Credit structure. It has 3 Divisional Offices at Amritsar, Bhatinda and Jalandhar. It has 19 branches and 3 extension counters operating in the city of Chandigarh. Besides this, there are 19 District Central Cooperative Banks having 783 branches and 16 extension counters in the State of Punjab affiliated with it. The bank was established to help to provide timely and adequate flow of credit to the farmers for agriculture and allied activities through PACS. Main activities/functions of the bank :- To accept deposits of money from the public for the purpose of lending and investment. Services provided by the bank :- I. Deposits :- 1. Saving Bank Account 2. Current Account 3. Fixed Deposits 4. Long Term Deposits 5. Recurring Deposit 6. Collection of drafts, cheques and various other instruments. Punjab State Co-operative Bank Ltd II. Loans :- Loans to Public: i) Consumer durable loans ii) Personal Loan to salary class iii) Housing Loan Loans to Central Cooperative Banks: (Re-finance) i) Short term agriculture loan ii) Medium term agriculture loan. iii) Short term non-agriculture loan (Consumption Loan) iv) Non farm sector loan v) Rural and Urban Housing Loan vi) Two wheeler loan vii) Revolving cash credit limit to farmers (RCC) viii) Cash Credit Fertilizer ix) Cash Credit Limit to Cooperative Sugar Mills Loans to other cooperative Apex Institutions: x) To Housefed Pb. xi) To IFFCO Organisational Structure :- The bank operates in the city of Chandigarh having 19 branches and 3 extension counters. It has 3 Divisional Offices in Punjab at Amritsar, Jalandhar & Bathinda. The organizational structure is as under:- Organizational Structure PSCB DIVISIONAL OFFICES Amritsar Jalandhar Bathinda District Central Cooperative Banks. 1. Amritsar 1. Jalandhar 1. Bathinda 2. Tarantaran 2. Hoshiarpur 2. Fazilka 3. Gurdaspur 3. Kapurthala 3. Faridkot 4. Ferozepur 4 Ludhiana 4. Mansa 5. Moga 5 NawanShahar 5. Muktsar 6 Patiala 6. Sangrur 7. Ropar 8. Fatehgarh Sahib Punjab State Co-operative Bank Ltd Administrative Setup Board of Directors Managing Director Additional Managing Director(Administration) Additional Managing Director(Banking) General Manager (O&A) General Manager (Development) Deputy General Managers Deputy General Managers General Managers (Division Offices at Jalandhar, Bhatinda & Amritsar Deputy General Manager (Systems) Assistant General Managers Assistant General Managers Assistant General Managers Deputy Vigilance Officer Estt. Officer Liaison Officer ACFA Assistant General Manager Senior Managers Senior Managers Senior Managers Expectation of the bank from the public for enhancing its effectiveness and efficiency The Bank expects that the general public should take maximum benefits of the services offered by it. The bank expects from the public that they should keep their surplus money in the shape of deposits with the Bank and take maximum benefits of various loan schemes of the Bank. The bank also expects that public should repay the Punjab State Co-operative Bank Ltd loans taken by it timely so that the bank may be able to channelise the same. It will be in the interest of the public also. Arrangements and methods made for seeking public participation/contribution :- The Bank has an elected Board of Directors which is the main governing body of the bank. District and State level Technical Committees are established to fix the scales of finance of various crops. Customer meets, Annual General Body meeting, Annual Cooperative Week celebrations during the month of November every year. Mechanism available for monitoring the services delivery and public grievances resolution :- The Bank is governed by an elected Board of Directors which regularly monitors the services delivery system. The Bank is regulated and inspected by Reserve Bank of India, NABARD and State Govt. There is a statutory audit system in the Bank by the Auditors, under the control of Chief Auditor, Cooperative Societies, Punjab. To properly handle the public grievances/complaints, a separate Vigilance Cell has been created at the Head Office of the Bank.