AUTOMATIC RAILWAY GATE

CONTROLLING AND TRACK SWITCHING

MINI PROJECT












By
S. Mohamed Asadullah Shariff (2012505013)
A. Ramachandran (2012505018)
P.N. Rekhasree (2012505019)





INTRODUCTION:
We are concerned of providing an automatic railway gate control at
unmanned level crossings replacing the gates operated by gate keepers and
also the semi-automatically operated gates. It deals with two things. Firstly,
the reduction of time for which the gate is being kept closed. Secondly, to
provide safety to the road users by reducing the accidents that usually occur
due to carelessness of road users.




BLOCK DIAGRAM:

TRAIN ARRIVAL DETECTION:
IR transmitter gives IR rays whose wavelength depends upon the
vibration of the track that corresponds to the input frequency. It reduces
voltage drop across the receiver. Its output voltage is the difference between
this voltage drop and input voltage to the sensor. This is fed to the
comparator whose reference voltage is based on the threshold frequency
which is minimum frequency caused by a slow train. Thus a comparator
produces -12 V saturation when it senses a train and +12V if not.
Correspondingly, a transistor switch produces +5V and 0V respectively.


MAIN HARDWARES USED:
8051 Microcontroller
IR Transmitter
IR Receiver
Stepper Motor Circuit
Toy Train set
SENSING FOR VEHICLES:
Laser light is used as a source and LDR as a tool for sensing purpose.
When light strikes on LDR , its resistance decreases and the change of this
resistance of LDR is used for sensing by the microcontroller 89C51by the use
of compensation.
Other operations performed:
Gate Closing operation
Providing signal for train
Warning for road users
Train departure detection
Gate Opening
TRACK SWITCHING OPERATION
INTRODUCTION:
Using the same principle as that for gate control, automatic track
switching is possible. Considering a situation where in an express train and a
local train are travelling in opposite directions on the same track; Indicator
lights have been provided to avoid collisions and switching operations are
performed by a stepper motor. In practical purposes, this can be achieved by
electromagnets.


SWITCHING IR LED:


CONCLUSION:
As the system is completely automated, it avoids manual errors and
thus provides ultimate safety to the road users. By this mechanism the
presence of gate keeper is not necessary and automatic operation of the gate
through the motor action is achieved. C89C51 performs the complete
operation which used the software coding written for it.