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Faculty of Applied Science

University of British Columbia











APPLIED SCIENCE 450
PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PRACTICE

Final Exam Questions with Answers
APSC 450 Professional Engineering Practice 1
Final Exam Questions with Answers

The Legal True/False Pile
1) With respect to engineering and product liability, the principal aim of tort law is to provide a
deterrent to careless design or manufacture. F

2) In any tort action, the plaintiff must prove that the defendant owed a duty of care, that the
defendant breached the duty by acting as he did and that the defendant's breach caused
damage to the plaintiff. T

3) An engineer defending a charge of negligence will be liable for only those types of damages
that are reasonably foreseeable, even though the plaintiff suffered damage to a much greater
degree than could be foreseen. T

4) Professional engineering associations have the right to prosecute members for violating
codes of conduct or the terms of their license to practice engineering. T

5) An engineer may have a fiduciary duty to a client if the engineer can unilaterally make
decisions which will have a substantial effect on the clients business interests. T

6) Where a client has a claim against a professional in either tort or contract, the client must
choose one or the other before launching a lawsuit. F

7) A professional engineer can be liable for omitting to mention something relevant in rendering
an opinion. T

8) In Canada, a professional engineer owes a duty in tort but not in contract if he/she is
registered with a provincial association. F

9) If a registered engineer is in a conflict of interest which results in damage to the client of the
engineer, the client can apply to the provincial association of professional engineers for
compensation. F

10) An engineer who works for a company and supervises the work of other engineers in the
company can be vicariously liable for any damage resulting from the work of the other
engineers. F

11) In the case of product liability, a manufacturer can always avoid liability by issuing a
properly drafted disclaimer. F

12) In arbitration of a dispute, it is the arbitrator who decides the issues in dispute, renders a final
decision and an award, if applicable. T

13) Vicarious liability of an employer for the actions of an employee is a form of strict liability in
the sense that the employer is liable despite the absence of negligence or precautions taken. T

14) A registered industrial design protects the function of a device, not the outward shape or form
of the device. F
APSC 450 Professional Engineering Practice 2
Final Exam Questions with Answers


15) In cases where a product is technically complicated and requires expert knowledge for its
use, the duty to warn of risks associated with use of the product may be discharged by issuing
a warning to an intermediary who is able to communicate the risks to the user. T

16) Doing engineering services for free always results in unjust enrichment for the recipient of
the services. F

17) An engineer may perform services without consideration while performing work under a
contract, but this would not be considered a gratuitous promise. F

18) A contract can be discharged or terminated once the time required to complete the
obligations of the contract has passed. F

19) The mail-box rule (or post-box rule) is an exception to the rule that an offer is not considered
accepted until the offeror receives the acceptance. T

20) As an employee, you always own the rights to any inventions or other intellectual property
you develop while employed. F

21) The profit an engineering consulting company makes on work an employee performs for a
client is not the difference between the hourly charge-out rate and the hourly salary of the
employee. T

APSC 450 Professional Engineering Practice 3
Final Exam Questions with Answers

Legal Multiple Choice Pile
1) The common law is
a) written decisions of the Supreme Court of Canada.
b) law made in the Canadian Parliament.
c) rules and precedents developed by all the courts.
d) law that the common person obeys.

2) Two sources of law in Canada are:
a) Tort Law and Contract Law
b) Legal Rules and Legal Principles
c) Statute Law and Common Law
d) Parliament and Provincial Legislatures

3) The standard of care for engineers is: (Choose the best answer)
a) the standard established by engineering design codes and provincial engineering
associations.
b) different from that of the average person in the street.
c) the standard when there is any foreseeable chance of injury to clients.
d) established by engineering professionals owing to the technical complexity of
engineering.

4) Which of the following is considered an essential element of a contract?
a) intention to create legal obligations
b) fulfillment of the obligation under the contract
c) a duty to carry out the obligation with reasonable care
d) the requirement that all of the terms be in written form

5) The key factor found in fraudulent misrepresentation that is not present in negligent
misrepresentation is:
a) a false or misleading representation is made
b) the person making the representation knew it was false or misleading
c) the person to whom the representation was made relied or acted upon the representation
d) damage resulted from relying or acting upon the representation

6) Lululemon, a Vancouver based company with stores located across Canada and in a few US
locations, sells clothing for people who do yoga and other athletic activities. Some shirts
were advertised as containing seaweed fiber. Recently the New York Times published the
results of chemical analyses which apparently showed that there was no seaweed content in
the shirts. This caused a drop in the price of Lululemon shares, some damage to the
companys reputation, and some consumer groups to recommend a boycott of the stores. If it
were found that the tests were unrepresentative or false, Lululemon could sue the parties
responsible for trade libel if: (Choose all that apply)
a) It could be shown that the parties had no regard as to whether the results were
unrepresentative or false.
b) Sales revenue dropped after the results were published.
APSC 450 Professional Engineering Practice 4
Final Exam Questions with Answers

c) Sales revenue dropped after the results were published due to a boycott organized
by the consumer groups.
d) It could be shown that publication of the results reached a significantly large audience.

7) Purchaser P purchases a defective product from retailer R. The product was designed by
engineer E who works for manufacturer M. Use of the product has caused damage. P could
sue (Choose the best answer)
a) no one because users of defective products have no recourse (buyer beware)
b) R, M and E in tort
c) R in contract and M in tort
d) R in contract and E in tort

8) Which of the following is not a voluntary process?
a) Arbitration
b) Litigation
c) Mediation
d) Negotiation

9) An engineer in training (EIT) is entitled to:
a) co-sign engineering designs and drawings with a registered engineer.
b) use job titles with the word Engineer in them together with the title EIT
c) do entry level engineering with supervision from a registered engineer.
d) all of the above

10) An engineer does engineering work for a client without specific discussion about a fee. When
the client receives the invoice for services rendered, she refuses to pay the amount and sends
the engineer 50% of the amount invoiced.
a) The engineer has no recourse because it is unethical to do engineering work before
setting a fee in a contract.
b) The engineer may apply to the courts who would decide a reasonable fee that the
engineer deserves for the work done.
c) The courts will not deal with these kinds of problems since they are related to the
governance of a profession and therefore the engineer and client must come to some
agreement by mediation.

11) Which of the following is an essential element of a finding of negligence?
a) Intent to commit the negligent act
b) Knowledge of precisely who will be harmed by the negligent act
c) Damages in the form of economic loss
d) Duty of care owed to the plaintiff

12) A company is being considered for purchase by an industrial group which is carrying out a
due diligence process before committing to the purchase. This requires, among other things, a
report on measurements of machine reliability and availability. Alicia, an employee of the
company, has considerable experience with these measurements. She finds that most of the
availability data are consistent with production levels, but the data for one group of machines
APSC 450 Professional Engineering Practice 5
Final Exam Questions with Answers

indicate low availability which she suspects is due to some undetermined cause. She decides
to withhold the data for this group of machines from her report and determine the cause later.
Choose the answer that best describes her legal/professional situation.
a) Given her experience, she is entitled to exercise her professional judgment in providing
an analysis of the data in her report.
b) If damage results from the buyers reliance on her report, she and the company could be
liable for fraudulent misrepresentation because she knows the data she included in the
report are incorrect.
c) If damage results from the buyers reliance on her report, her company could be
liable for negligent misrepresentation.
d) She may be eligible for an award because her caution before coming to a conclusion
about the low availability is a good example of the duty and standard of care required of a
professional engineer.

13) There are approximately 1950 working hours in a year. In a perfect world, a consulting
engineer would spend those hours working for clients. Alas, the world is not perfect and
typical chargeability is about 70%. Assuming an engineers salary and benefits must be
paid, if the engineer is less than 100% chargeable,
a) the engineer will have to renegotiate his/her employee contract
b) revenue to pay for overhead and provide a profit will decrease
c) the engineer will have to share a cubicle with another engineer to reduce overhead
d) the consulting company will have to pay less federal and provincial taxes

APSC 450 Professional Engineering Practice 6
Final Exam Questions with Answers

The Ethics/Professions True/False Pile
1) The dilemma associated with whistle-blowing results from a conflict in typical engineering
codes of ethics between the requirement to hold public safety or environmental protection
paramount and the requirement to provide an opinion on a professional subject only when it
is founded upon adequate knowledge. F

2) The role of professional engineering organizations is to determine who are allowed to
identify themselves as engineers, to set standards for entrance, education and performance,
and to discipline members who fail to meet the standards. T

3) Any graduate of an accredited engineering program can do engineering in British Columbia
under the supervision of a registered engineer. T

4) Disclosure of a conflict of interest absolves one of any responsibility for the conflict of
interest and its consequences. F

5) The goals of an association of professionals are similar to those of a union of skilled laborers.
F

6) Proponents of a project who estimate both the costs and benefits of a project to determine
whether it should proceed may have a conflict of interest. T

7) The reasons for a professional to follow a code of ethics are similar to the reasons members
of groups in society agree to cooperate to achieve a particular goal. T

8) Conflicts of interest are inevitable partly because of the difficulty of eliminating the influence
of automatic mental processing on ones decisions. T

9) Disclosure of a conflict of interest absolves one of any responsibility for the conflict of
interest and its consequences. F

10) Most professional engineering associations regulate the profession and also promote
professional and economic interests of the profession but this can be a conflict of interest. T

11) To be a profession, its practitioners must agree to cooperate to serve some goal or ideal better
than they could if they did not cooperate. T

APSC 450 Professional Engineering Practice 7
Final Exam Questions with Answers

The Ethics/Professions Multiple Choice Pile
1) Professional engineers occupy an important role in society because: (Choose the best answer)
a) They understand how to build the systems that society needs to function.
b) Through their professional associations, they provide assurances to society regarding
their work standards and conduct.
c) Society needs the skills and expertise that professional engineers possess.
d) Professional engineering associations advertise the accomplishments of the profession
and advocate for the engineering profession.

2) A clause that occurs in every engineering code of ethics is that every engineer shall hold
paramount the safety, health, and welfare of the public. What is meant by public? (Choose
the best answer.)
a) Everyone, such that public safety is the safety of everyone more or less equally.
b) Anyone, such that holding public safety paramount means never putting anyone in any
danger at any time.
c) Those persons whose lack of information or technical knowledge renders them
vulnerable to the actions of an engineer.
d) Those persons who do not have the training to understand the risks and benefits of a
product, system or structure.

3) The reason for an engineering code of ethics is
a) to protect the public from unscrupulous and unethical engineers
b) to provide an alternative to ethical theories that is relatively free of internal
inconsistencies
c) to define an agreement between engineers as to how they will practice their
profession to serve some ideals
d) to define to the public the rules by which engineers will practice their profession
e) to provide a set of standards that are easily applied without much interpretation by any
practicing engineer

4) According to the paper Engineering Ethics and Society, the inability to predict the behavior
of systems (Choose the best answer)
a) arises because of the complexity, and the chaotic and discrete nature of systems.
b) leads to the need for more computing power to model the systems more thoroughly.
c) requires the development of more sophisticated models of systems that can take account
of the consequences of their failure.
d) arises because societys demand for more sustainable systems and practices.

5) Resolving an ethical dilemma in professional engineering practice (Choose all that apply)
a) becomes difficult when there are conflicts between items in the code of ethics
b) can be complicated by conflicts between parts of the brain that do controlled
reasoning to try to resolve the dilemma and those that do automatic processing to
serve self-interest
c) is relatively easy because professional engineers agree to cooperate to be serve ethical
ideals
d) can always be done by referring to ethical norms if the code of ethics is not helpful
APSC 450 Professional Engineering Practice 8
Final Exam Questions with Answers


6) If an APEGBC disciplinary committee found that a member of he association has breached
one or more items of the code of ethics but is in jail for disorderly conduct, the most likely
outcome would be:
a) requirement of a public apology
b) a public flogging by masked student engineers dressed in black cloaks with red trim
c) no penalty because the member is in jail and is therefore outside the jurisdiction of the
disciplinary committee
d) membership is suspended or revoked

7) A conflict of interest is significant to the engineering profession because (Choose all that
apply):
a) Engineers are consulted for their expertise and skill and their advice and judgment
must be unbiased.
b) Many individuals may depend on engineering advice which must therefore be
reliable.
c) It provides engineers with an ethical dilemma which can be resolved by consultation with
clients or other engineers, rather than a legal problem.
d) Considerable trust is placed in engineers and if this trust is compromised, public
opinion of the profession would drop.
e) If properly characterized, the conflict helps define what the interests of the engineer
should be.

8) An engineer working for a company should follow the code of ethics and forego his/her self-
interest in the interest of (Choose the best answer)
a) the company
b) the clients he/she works for
c) the engineering profession
d) the well-being and economic status of his/her family

9) Engineering is used to satisfy social needs and could be considered a grand social
experiment because
a) interactions between engineers and society allow engineers more opportunities to
determine societys needs, but the process is inefficient leading to poor information on
which to base design decisions.
b) societys demands are always changing making products and systems obsolete.
c) the impacts of engineered products and systems used to satisfy societys needs are
often unknown.
d) there is more government control of infrastructure development and environmental
standards.

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