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IS 12992-1 (1993): Safety Relief Valves - Spring Loaded,
Part 1: Design [MED 17: Chemical Engineering Plants and
Related Equipment]
I S 12992 ( Par t 1) : 1993
w Ti i f 9 WI T
I ndiavz Standard
SAFETY RELIEF VALVES - SPRING LOADED -
SPECIFICATION
PART 1 DESI GN
UDC 621.646~28
0 BIS 1993
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002
October 1993
Price Gr oup 13






( Reaffirmed 2006 )
Chemical Engineering Plants and Related Equipment Sectional Committee, HMD 17
FOREWORD
This Indian Standard ( Part 1 ) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards after the draft finalized
by the Chemical Engineering Plants and Related Equipment Sectional Committee, had been approved
by the Heavy Mechanical Engineering Division Council.
In the formulation of this standard assistance has been derived from API 526 : 1984 Flanged steel
safety relief valves, issued by the American Petroleum Institute.
This standard is being issued in two parts, Part 1 covers design and Part 2 testing.
For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the
final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in
accordance with IS 2 : 1960 Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revised ). The number of signs_
cant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this
standard.





IS 12992 ( Part 1) : 1993
I ndian Standard
SAFETYRELIEFVALVES-SPRINGLOADED-
SPECIFICATION
PART 1 DESIGN
1 SCOPE
1.1 This standard covers the specification for flanged
steel spring loaded safety relief valves. Basic require-
ments are given for:
a) orifice designation and area;
b) valve size and rating, inlet and outlet;
c) materials, body and spring;
d) pressure-temperature limits; and
e) centre-to-face dimensions, inlet and outlet.
1.2 The valves regulated by IBR (Indian Boiler
Regulations) are excluded from the scope of this
standard.
1.3 For ihe convenience of the purchaser, a sample
specification sheet is given in Annex A.
1.4 Name plate nomenclature and requirements for
stamping are detailed in Annex B.
1.5 The purchaser is primarily responsible for:
a) Selection of type of valve and desired pressure-
temperature ratings; and
b) Specification of materials which will satisfac-
torily resist corrosion from the process fluid or
environmental conditions.
1.6 Whenever the information included on the
purchasers specification sheet or purchase order con-
flicts with the provisions of this standard, the
purchasers specification sheet or purchase order shall
govern. The manufacturer shall call such conflicting
requirements to the attention of the purchaser whenever
possible.
2 REFERENCES
IS No.
2825 : 1969
28.56 : 1979
3038 : 1983
3233 : 1965
4899 : 1976
Tide
Code of unfired pressure vessels
Carbon steel castings for pressure
containing parts suitable for high
temperature service (fusion
welding quality) ( second
revision )
Alloy steel castings for pressure
containing parts suitable for high
temperature service
( second revision )
Glossary of terms for safety valves
and their parts
Ferritic steel castings for use
at low temperatures (first
revision )
7806 : 1975 Ferritic and austenitic steel cast-
ings for high temperature service
12992 Spring loaded safety relief valves :
( Part 2) :1990 Part 2 Testing
13159 Steel pipe flanges and flanged fit-
(Part 1) :1993 tings : Part 1 Dimensions
3 DEFINITiONS
For definitions ofvarious terms used in connectionwith
spring loaded pressure relief valves, refer to IS 3233 :
1965.
4 DESIGN
4.1 General
Safety and safety reliefvalves discussed in this standard
shall be designed and manufactured in accordance with
the applicable requirements of IS 2825 : 1969.
4.2 Determination of Orifice Area
The required orifice area shall be determined in ac-
cordance with Annex C and Annex D. The standard
orifice areas and the corresponding letter designa-
tions are :
Orifice Area Orifice Area
64 mm) 69 mm)
D 71 L 1841
E 126 M 2323
F 198 N 2800
G 325 P 4116
H 506 Q
7129
J 830 R 10323
K 1186 T 16774
4.3 Valve Selection
For valves described in this standard, inlet and outlet
flange sizes and pressure-temperature ratings shall con-
form to the data in Tables 1 to 14. Inlet pressure limits
are governed by inlet flange pressure limits or by
manufacturer.s spring design limits, whichever is
smaller. Outlet pressure limits are determined by valve
design.
4.4 Dimensions
Centre-to-face dimensions shall be in accordance with
Tables 1 to 34 with tolerances as follows:
Valve I nlet Size
Tolerance
Up to and including 100 mm * 1.6 mm
Above 100 mm
rt 3.2 mm
1





IS 12992 ( Part 1) : 1993
Flange facings and dimensicns shall be in accordance
with IS 13159 (*Part 1) : 1993, the inlet flange may be
modified to increase the height of the raised face.
43 Lifting Levers
Plain lifting levers shall be provided on all safety valves
for steam or air service and on safety relief valves when
designated on the purchasers specification sheet; pack-
ed lifting levers shall be provided on hot water service
and wheri specified by purchaser. Lifting levers shall be
capable of relea&ng the seating force on the disc when
the valve is subjected to a pressure of at least 75 percent
of the set pressure of the valve. All safety relief valves
shall be furnished with a threaded cap over the spring
adjusting screw unless otherwise stated.
45.1 Means shall be provided in the design of all valves
for sealing all adjustments which can be made without
disassembly of the valve before or after it is installed.
4.6 Special Construction Features
Special construction features shall be provided as
agreed upon by the manufacturer and the purchaser.
5 MArnRL4L
5.1 General
For special corrosion problems and applications
beyond the pressure temperature limits of this stand-
ard, constructioh materials shall be those agreed upon
by the manufacturer and the purchaser.
5.2 Body and Spring
The body and spring material shall be in accordance
with Tables 1 through 14 for the required temperature
range. The valve body material shall be equivalent to,
or better @an, the following types and grades:
Cast carbon Steel IS 2856, Gr 2
Cast carbon molybdenum steel IS 3038, Gr 4
Cast 3; percent nickel steel IS 4899, Gr 7
Cast austenitic steel IS 7806, Gr 3 or 5
5.3 Inter& Parts
Materials for the internal parts of the valve shall be in
accordance with the manufacturers standards for
temperature and service and indicated on the
purchasers specification sheet.
6 INSPECTION AND SHOP TESTS
6.1 Inspection
The purchaser reserves the right to witness the shop
tests and inspect valves in the manufacturers plant
according to the extent specified on the purchase order.
6.1.1. Shell Test.
The primary pressure parts ofeach valve exceeding DN
25 or 21 bar set pressure where the materials used are
either cast or welded shall be tested at a pressure of at
least 1.5 times the design pressure of the parts. These
tests shall be conducted after all machining operations
have been completed. The secondary pressure zone of
each closed bonnet valve exceeding DN 25 inlet size
wheri such valves are designed for discharge to a closed
system shall b$ tested with air or other gas at a pressure
of at least 2 bar. There shall be no visible sign of
leakage.
6.2 Set P&we Test
All safety and safety relief valves shall be set and
adjusted to the specified set pressure in accordance with
IS 2825 : 1969, the manufacturers standard practice as
published, or as designated by the purchaser. The set
pressure adjustment shall be sealed when specified.
6.3 Seat Leakage Test
Safety and safety relief valves shall be subjected
to a seat leakage test in accordance with IS 12992
(Part 2 ) : 1990.
7 MARKING
7.1 On the Body of the Safety Valve
The following minimum information shall be marked
ou the body of all safety valves. Marking on the body
may be integral with the body or on a plate securely
fixed to the body. When a plate is used, it shall be
separate and distinct from the identification plate
referred elsewhere in this standard:
a>
b)
4
4
The inlet and outlet nominal size, for example
PN;
The material designation of the body;
The nianufacturers name and/or trade-mark;
and
An arrow showing the direction of flow where
the inlet and outlet connections have the same
dimensions or the same pressure rating.
7.2 Identification Plate
The following minimum information, stating units,
shall be on ad identificatiou plate securely fixed to the
safety valve:
a) The limiting operating temperature(s) (in C)
for which the valve has been designed;
b) The set pressure in MPa;
c) The number of this standard;
d) Manufacturers type reference;
e) Coefficient or discharge or certified discharge
capacity of reference fluid, kg/b;
f) Flow area in square centimetres; and
g) Lift in millimetres and corresponding over
pressure expressed as a percentage.
7.3 Name Plate
Each valve shall have a corrosion-resistant name plate
permaneutly attached to the body or bonnet. The name
plate shall be stamped with the data specified in
Annex B.
7.4 Tagging
Each valve shall be stamped with the valve number or
other identificatiou data as specified on the purchase
order. This data may be stamped ou the name plate or
on a separate corrosion-resistant tag that is permanently
attached to the valve.
2





IS 12992 ( Part 1) : 1993
8 SHIPMENT
b) Threaded opeklgs shall be plugged with a
8.1 Preparation for Shipment
suitable protective device. Temporary plugs
should be readily distinguishable from per-
a) After test and inspection, all exterior sur- manent metal plugs.
faces except flange facings shall be painted.
Corrosion-resistant materials need not be
c) To prevent damage to the faces during shipment
and foreign material from entering, inlet and
painted.
outlet flanges shall be protected.





Table 1 Flanged Steel Safety Relief Valves - D Orifiie
( Clauses 4.3 and 4.4 )
P
Materials V&W ~omioal EYange Mdmum Pressure &ding Bar Cetlll+tO-F8_
Sizes Rating(Clas3)
Conventional Balanced Bellows and Balanced Piston Valves Conven- Balanced
Dim&
tiOMl Below
(mm)
Valves Valves
Inlet by Inlet Outlet
Body Spring
Orifice by
Inlet Outlet - 267oc -60C to - 29C to - 28OC to 232C 427% 540C 38C 38OC Inlet outlet
outlet
to - 102C - 101C - 59OC 38C
Temperature Range - 28C to 23ZC
25D50 150 150 20 13 20 105 114
25D50 300 150 20 20 20 105 114
Cast
Carbon 25D50 300 150 52 43 20 105 114
carbon
steel steel 25D50 600 150 104 87 20 105 114
4OD50 900 ux) 156 130 42 105 140
40D50 1500 300 266 217 42 105 140
4oD65 2500 300 422 361 52 140 165
. .
Cast
carbon
steel
High
temper-
ature
alloy
steel
25D50 150 150
25D50 300 150
25D50 300 150
25D50 600 150
4OD50 900 300
4OD50 1500 300
4OD65 2500 300
233% to 42PC
TmpFaturr Range
13
- 20
43
87
130
217
361
Temperature Range 428C te 540%
* .
6 20 ios 114
20 20 105 114
29 20 - 105 114
58 20 105 114
87 42 105 140
145 42 105 140
241 52 - 140 165
Cast
carbon
molyb-
denum
steel
High 23D50 300 150 36 16 20 105 114
temper- 25D50 600 150 71 31 20 105 114
ature
40D50 YOO 300 107 47 52 105 140
alloy . . .
steel 4OD50 1500 300 179 78 52 105 140
40D65 2500 300 297 131 52 140 165










Materials Valve
Sizes
Table 2 Flanged Steel Safety Relief Valves - E Or&e
t:
( Clauses 4.3 and 4.4 ) G
z!
NominallFlange Maximum Pressure Rating Bar Ceotr&o-Face
Rating ( C&s )
Conventional Balanced Bellows and Balanced Piston Valves Convett- Balanced
Dimensions
tionaI BdOW
64
Body
Valves Valves
Inlet by Inlet Outlet
Spring
Orifice by
Inlet Outlet - 267C -60C to - 29OC to - zw to 232C 427C 540C 38C 38C Inlet Outlet
outlet
to - 102C - 101C - 59OC 38OC
h
2
3
c
V
. .
c
s
Temperature Ram : - 2@C to 232%
I
20 105 114
20 105 114
20 105 114
20 105 114
42 105 140
42 105 140
52 140 165
20 13
20 20
52 43
104 87
156 130
260 217
422 361
2SE!50 150 150
25E30 300 150
25E50 300 150
25E50 600 150
4OE50 900 300
4Ol30 1500 300
4OE65 2500 300
Cast
carbon
steel
Carbon
steel
Temperature Range 233C to 427C
6
20
29
58
87
145
241
- I
105 114
105 114
105 114
105 114
i
105 140
105 140
140 165
20
20
20
20
42
42
52
Temperature Range 428OC to 540%
I +
Cast
carbon
molyb-
denum
Steel
300 150
660 150
900 300
1500 300
2500 300
36 16 20 105 114
71 31 20 105 114
107 41 52 105 140
179 78 52 105 140
297 131 52 140 165
High
2.X50
temper- 2SE50
ature
alloy
4oF.50
steel
4OE50
4OE65















W
Temperature Rauge -29C to -59C
4OF50 150 15g u) 20 16 124 121
Cast
4OF50 300 150 20 20 16 124 121
3; Carbon 4OF50 300 150 52 .- 20 16 124 152
percent steel
4OF50 600 150 104
nickel
20 16 124 152
steel 4OF65 900 300 156 52 35 124 152
4OF65 1500 300 260 - 52 35 124 152
4OF65 2500 300 352 52 35 140 165
Temperature Range -60C to - 101C
4OF.50 150 150 ?9. 20 16 124 121
Cast
4OF50 300 150 19
1
20 16 124
3;
121
Auste- ,4OF50 300 150 51 - nitic . 20 16 124 .152
percent
steel 4OF50 600 150 101 nickel 20 16 124 152
steel
4OF65
I I :z
, ;;i, i, !, if, !, ! ] r, !, ! ;; ] ;;, ;i, if
Temperature Range - 102C to - 267%
4OF.50 150 150 19 20 16 124 121
cast
4OF.50 300 150 19
20 16 124 121
autenit- Auste- 4OF50 300 150 43
its
nitic
2n 16 124 152
steel
steel 4OF50 600 150 87 20 16 124 152
4OF65 900 300 130
52 35 124 152
4OF65 1500 300 155
52 35 124 152
4OF65 2500 300 239
52 35 140 165




















_~...r____~_ -.-____ -. - __ -. -
4OH80 150 1.50 20 20 16 130 124
Cast
3; 4OH80 300 150 20 20 16 130 124 Carbon
50H80 300 150 52 .- 20 16 130 124
percent
steel
nickal SOH80 600 150 104 20 16 1.54 162
steel 50H80 900 150 1.56 . - 20 16 154 162
I , 5OH80 , 1500, 300, - I - I 193 ( - I - I - I - I 52 , 29 , 154 ( 162
Temperature Range - 60% to - 101C
4OH80 150 150 19 20 16 130 124
Cast
3; Auteni- 4oH80 3M) 150 19 20 16 130 124
tic 50H80 300 150 51 20 16 130 124
percent
nickel steel 50H80 600 150 101 20 16 154 162
steel
50H80 900 150 104 20 16 154 162
1 5OH80 1 1500 1 3m I - I 112 l -I -I -I -I -I 52 I 29 I 154 1 162
Temperature Range -1OtC to -2@C
4OH80 150 150 19 20 16 130 124
Cast Auste- 4oH80 300 150 19 20 16 130 124
austen-
nitic 5OH80 300 150 43 i 20 16
itic
130 124
steel
steel
5oH80 600 150 87 20 16 154 162
50H80 900. 150 104 - . 20 16 154 162
5OH80 1500 300 112 52 29 154 162





Table 6 Flanged Steel Safety Relief Valves - J Orifice
( czuuses 4.3 and 4:4 )
Nontioal Flange
Rating ( Class )
MaxImum Pressure Rating Bar
Conventional Balanced Bellows and EIaIanced Piston Valves Conven- BaIanced
tionaI Below
Valves Valves
Css~tre-to-Face
DimCnSioOS
(mm)
Inlet
Inlet Outlet
Outlet - 26pC -60oC to - 29OC to -28Yto 232% 427oc 54ooc 38OC 38OC InIet Outkt
to - 1wc - 10lC - 59C 38OC
1
1 :-WCtC 12C
20 13
20 20
52 43
104 87
156 130
190 190
-&Ire Ral
.-
6
20
29
58
87
145
High 65JlOO 300 150 36
temper-
65JlOO 600 150 71
ature
alloy 655100 900 150 107
steel 8OJlOO 1500 300 143
5OJ80 150
5OJ80 300
65JlOO 300
i
65Jloo 600
805100 900
8OJloo 1500
5OJ80
5OJ80
653100
653100
65JlOO
655100
1.50
300
308
600
900
1500
L
I
137
137
137
156
184
184
124
124
143
171
181
181
20
20
20
20
20
42
20
20
30
20
20
42
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
150
150
150
150
150
300
150
150
150
150
150
300
Cast
carbon
steel
Carbon
steel
-I-
I
I
Temperatuure Rat c 233C to 427%
124
124
143
171
181
181
13
20
43
87
130
190
High
temper-
ature
alloy
stqel
cast
C@OIl
steel
Temperature Range 428C to 540C
Cast
carbon
Molyb-
denum
steel





Temperature Range -29OC to -59C
Cast
3+
percent
nickel
steel
Carbon
steel
5OJ80 150 150 20 20 16 137 124
5oJ80 300 150 20 20 16 137 124
655100 300 150
-
52 20 16 I37 143
655100 600 150 104 20 16 156 171
8OJloO 900 150 104 2 20 16 184 181
Cast
3;
percent
nickel
steel
, 8OJloO , 1500, 300, -, -, -, 190 ,
-
I
-
I - I 42 I 16 , 184 , 181
Temperature Range -6OC to -101C
5oJ80 150 150 19 20 16 137 124
Auste- 5oJ80 300 150 19 20 16 137 124
nitic
655100
300 150 35 20 16 137 143
steel 655100 600 150 44 20 16 156 171
8OJlOO 900 150 56 20 16 184 181
, 8CUlOLI , 1500, 300, - I 56 I - I - I - I - I - I 42 I 16 1 184 I 181
Temperature Range -102C to -267?Z
Cast
austen-
itic
steel
50580 150 150 19 20 16 137 124
Auste-
50580 3cNl 150 19 20 16 137 124
nitic 655100 300 150 36 20 16 137 143
steel 65JlOO , 600 150 44 - . .-. 20 16 156 171,
8OJlOO 900 150 56 20 16 184 181
8OJlOO 1500 300 56 - 42 16 184 181





Table 7 Flanged Steel Safety Relief Valves - K Oritice
( Clauses 4.3 and 4.4 )
Conventional Balanced Bellows and Balanced Piston Valves
Temperature Range -WC to 232C
80KlCHII 150 150 20 13 20 11 156 162
Cast
80Klal 300 150 20 20 - 20 11 156 162
carbon
Carbon
steel
8OKlcQ 300 150 52 43 20 11 156 162
steel 80K100 600 150 104 87 20 14 184 181
80K150 900 150 156 130 20 14 198 216
80K150 1500 300 156 156 42 14 197 216
I
Temperature Ranee 233O to 427C
180KlOO
High
80KlOO
temper-
ature
80KlOO
alloy
steel
80KlOO
80K150
80K150
150 150 13 6 20 11 156 162
300 150 20 20 20 11 156 162
300 150 43 29 20 11 156 162
600 150 87 58 20 14 184 181
900 150 130 87 20 14 198 216
1500 300 156 145 42 14 197 216
300
600
900
1500
150.
150
T
150
300
Temperature Range 428OC to HO%
156
156
184
197
162
162
181.
216

























e -29OC to Tern
52
T!IIIDW&II-C RN
Cast
3;
percent
nickel
steel
cast
3;
percent
nickel
steel
I
:
178
178
lOOM150
lOOMl5P
lOOM150
lOOM150
150
300
300
600
150
300
300
600
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
Carbon
steel
178 184
-T-
178 184 i9
42 42
1OOM150
Austen-
lOOM150
itic
steel . lOOM150
lOOM150
20 . 6
20 6
20 _ 11
20 11
\
178 184
178
I
203
Temperature Range -102C to -267C
lOOM150 150 19
19
37
42
20
20
20
20
cast
austen-
itic
steel
Auste-
loOM150 300
I l i t i C
steel lOOMl50 300
lOOMl50 600
.















Table 11 Flanged Steel Safety Relief Valves - P Orifiie
( czauses 4.3 and 414 )
Ccntrc-to-Faa
Dimensions
(mm)
Nominal Flange Maximum Pressure Rating Bar Matekials Valve
sizes Rating ( class )
Conventional Balanced Bellows and Balanced Piston VaIves Qaven- Balanced
IionaI Below
Valves Valves
Ti tisy Inlet 1 Outlet t;:zCI lyzO; 1 -_29Jc1 1 - zto 1 232C 1 427C 1 540C 38Cou~3SoC Inlet 1 Outlet
Temperature Range -28C to 232C
Cast
carbon Carbml
steel steel
lOOP150 150 150 20 13 20 6 181 229
. lOOPl50 300 150 - 20 20 20 6 181 229
looP150 300 150 37 37 - 20 11 225 254
lOOP150 600 150 70 70 .- 20 11 225 254
Temperature Range 233C to 427C
High
150
150
150
150
150
20
20
20
20
20
13 6
20 20
37 29
70 58
70 70
lOOP150 150
100P150 ,300
looPl50 300
lOOP150 600
h00P150 900
181 229
181 229
225 254
225 254
225 254
temper-
atme
alloy
steel
cast
carbon
steel
Temperature Range 428C to 540C
1
cast High
carbon temper-
molyb- ature
denum alloy
steel steel
lOOP150
lcOP150
~lOOP150
36
70
70
254
254
254
Temperature Range -29C to -59C
150 20 .- 20 6
150 20 20 6
150 37 - 20 11
150 - 70 20 11
150
300
L
300
cast 1 lOoP150
lalP150
looP150
lOoP150
3:
Carbon.
steel
L
percent
nickel
St4










lable 12 Flanged Steel Safety Relief Valves - Q Orifice
( Clauses 4.3 and 4.4 )
-
Materials Valve Nomi naNlange Maximum Pressure Rating Bar Ckutre-to-Face
Sizes Rating ( Class )
Conventional Balanced Bellows and Balanced Piston Valves Conven- Balanced
Dimensions
tional Below
(mm>
Valves Valves
Ir?et by Inlet Outlet
Body
Spring
Orifice by
outlet
Inlet Outlet - 26% -60C to - 29C to - 28=C to 540C 38T
to - 102T - 101C - 59C 38OC
Temperature Range -28C to 232C
15OQ200 150 1.50 12 12 8 5 240 241
Cast
rrbon
steel
Carbon
steel
15oQ2Oo 300 150 12 12 - . 8 5 240 241
15oQ200 300 150 21 21 8 8 240 241
15oQ200 600 150 42 42 . - 8 8 240 241
Temperature Range 233C to 427?Z
1500200 150 150 12 6 8 5 240 241
High
Cast temper- 15oQ200 300 150 12 12 8 5 240 241
nrboo ature
steei alloy 15ocEoo 300 150
21 21 8 8 240 241
steel
15OQ200 600 150 42 42 8 8 240 241
Temperature Rauge 428% to 544YC
Cast High 15OQ200 300 150
12 12 8 8 240 241
arbon temper-
nolyb- ature
lenum
15oQ200 600
alloy
150
42 31 8 8 240 241
s
steel steel
c



































C:ap Screwed/Bolted
Lever Plain/Packed
GAG Yes/No
Screwed/Bolted
Plain/Packed
Yes/No
Screwed/Bolted
Plain/Packed
Yes/No
Screwed/Bolted
Plain/Packed
Yes/No
28 2 Others
I I
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
41
42
43
Body
Disc
Nozzle
Spindle
Resilient Seat Seal
Guide
47 q
48
Spring
Bonnet
49 Bellows m
50 F3
51
5
h
Code
Fire
Calculated area, cm2
Selected area, cm2
Orifice letter
Manufacturers model No.
Valve capacity
Internal valve code
Malve rated capacity
Size Inlet/outlet
Screwed socket
Type facing
52 . Inspection agency
53 g Form of certificate
E
54 Mounting details D. No.





IS 12992 (Part 1) : 1993
ANNEX B
(Clause 1.4)
SAFETY RELIEF VALVE NAMEPLATE NOMENCLATURE
Nomenclature
Size
Type, style,model or
figure No.
Orifice
Capacity at x percent
overpressure
Serial No. or Shop NO.
Set pressure bar
Back pressure bar
Cold differential test
pressure bar
Description
Nominal pipe size,
inlet by outlet
Manufacturers desig-
nation
Valve orifice size, tan-
dardized letter desig-
nation
kg/h of saturated
steam, normal cubic
metre per hour of air or
litres per minute of
water at 21C
Manufacturers iden-
tification number
Valve inlet pressure at
which the pressure
relief valve is
adjusted to open
under service condi-
tions (see Note)
Constant (Example: 7
bar) Variable
(Example : 0 to 7 Bar)
Valve inlet opeing (see
below) pressure on an
air test stand at am-
bient temperature
against atmospheric
back pressure. Cold
differential test pres-
sure includes
ap-
plicable temperature
correction.
Example 1 Conventional Valve
Set pressure bar 14
Back pressure bar Atmoshperic (or
zero)
Temperature, deg C 200
Cold differential test pressure, 14 + manufacturers
bar recommended
temperature correc-
tion
Example 2 - Balanced Bellows Valve
Set pressure, bar 14
Back pressure, bar 3.5 or 0 to 3.5
Temperature, deg C 200
Cold differential test pressure, 14 t manufacturers
bar recommended
temperature correc-
tion
Example 3 - Conventional Valve
Set pressure, bar 14
Back pressure, bar 3.5
Temperature, deg C 200
Cold differential test pressure, 10.5 t manufacturers
bar recommended
temperature correc-
tion
NOTE- Popping pressure on vapours and gases -
When constant back pressure is present on conventional
valves:
Set pressure = Differential test pressure + Back pressure
(Depending upon the service fluid temperature, an addi-
tional correction factor may be required to obtain thecold
differential test pressure for adjusting the valve on the test
stand.)
34





IS 12992 (Part I ) : 1993
ANNEX C
(Clause 4.2)
DETERMINATION OF ORIFICE AREA
Kb = Capacity correction factor due to back pres-
sure[constant or variable]. This can be obtained
horn Fig. 2 which is applied to balanced bellows
valves. For conventional safety reliefvalves& = 1.
Molecular weight of the gas or vapour. Various
handbooks carry tables of molecular weights of
materials,but the composition ofthe flowing gas
or vapour is seldom the same as that listed in the
tables. This value should be obtained from the
process data.
a) For Vapour
A = CKP,K,,B m
. . . . . . . . . . (1)
M=
b) For Sat Steam
A=
W
51.45 P,KK&, B
. . . . . . . . . . (2)
For P c 105.5. Bar, Kc = 1
For P 2 105.5 Bar,
ii =2.7103P-1000 T =
3.2592P- 1061
c) For Superheated Steam
z =
W
A=51.45P,KKcKbKshB
d) For Liquid
P=
A=
v?T v,
84.09K 41.25P - Pb K, K, Kp
. . . . . . . . . . (3) Pb =
G =
[ 25% Over Pressure ]
where
Ksh =
A =
w=
c =
K=
NOTE - For liquid service ifK is unknown, a conserva-
tive value of 0.62 is recommended.
VI. =
P, =
B =
Upstream relieving pressure, in bars. This is the k-=
set pressure plus the allowable overpressure
plus the atmospheric pressure in bar.
Capacity correction factor due to constant back
pressure. This can be obtained from Fig. 1 which
applies to conventional safety relief valves.
Required effective discharge area of the valve
in square centimetres. This is a nominal or corn-
puted area of flow through a pressure-relief
K, =
valve, differing from the actual discharge area,
for use in recognized flow formulae to deter-
mine the capacity of a pressure relief valve.
(see 4.2 for values).
Required flow through valve, in kilograms per
hour.
K, =
Coefficient determined by ratio of specific heats
of the gas or vapour at standard conditions. This
can be obtained from Table 15.
Effective coefficient of discharge for use in
Kp =
fonnula (1) and for formula (2) value assigned
by manufacturer.
Absolute temperature of the inlet vapour, in
degrees centigrade t 273.
Compressibility factor for the deviation of the
actual gas from A perfect gas, a ratio evaluated
at inlet conditions.
Set pressure at which relief valve is to begin
opening, in bar.
Back pressure, in bar.
Specific gravity of the liquid at the flowing
temperature referred to water = 1.00 at 21C.
Superheat correction factor. This can be
obtained from Table 16.
Capacity correction factor due to back pressure.
If the back pressure is atmospheric, the factor
can be disregarded, or Kw = 1.00 conventional
valves in back pressure service require no spe-
cial correction Kw = 1.00 . Balanced bellows
valves in back pressure service will require the
correction factor as determined from Fig. 3.
Capacity correction factor due to viscosity. For
most applications, viscosity may not be sig-
nificant, in which case K, = 1.00.
Capacity correction factor due to over pressure.
k, ny relief valves in liquid service are sized on
the basis of 25 percent over pressure, in which
case Kp = 1.00. The factor for other percentages
of overpressure can be obtained from Fig. 4.
Liquid discharge capacity , I/m.
C&, the ratio ofspecitic heats of any ideal gas
or the ratio of specific heats of a diatomic acutal
gas that expands in accordance with the perfect
gas laws, values of K can be determined from
the properties of gases as presented in any
acceptable reference work.
35





IS 12992 ( Part 1) : 1993
0.6
n
I1 I I I III I I I I
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 60 90 100
% ABSOLUTE BACK PRESSURE = BACK PRESSRE ber
SET PRESSlJRE.OVERPRESSURE,bar
* 100
5 YxlOO
Exampl e
Set pressure [MAWP] =7bar
Superimposed back pressure = 5 bar
Spring set =2bar
Built up back pressure = 0.7 bar
Percent absolute back pressure = +$$+ (loo) = 77.1 percent
Follow dotted line 8 = 0.89 [From curve]
Capacity with back pressure = (0.89) (Rated capacity without back pressure)
NOTE - This chart is typical and suitable for use only when the make of valve or the actual critical flow pressure point for the vapour
or gas is unknown; otherwise, the valve manufacturer should be consulted for specific data.
FIG. 1 CONSTANT BACK-PRESSURE SIZING FACWR B FOR CONVENTIONAL
SAFER RELIEF VALVES (VAPOURS AND GASES ONLY)
Table 15 Valves of Co-eftkient C
k : C
1.00 234.3
1.02 236.7
1.04 238.3
1.06 239.9
1.08 241.4
1.10 243.8
1.12 245.4
1.14 246.9
k( c k C k c
1.32 259.5 1.48 270.4
1.34 260.2 1 so 271.2
1.36 261.8 1.52 272.1
1.38 263.4 1.54 274.3
1.40 264.9 1.56 275.2
1.42 266.5 1$8 276.6
1.44 267.3 1.60 277.5
1.46 268.8 1.62 279.1
k c
1.64 280.6
1.66 281.4
1.68 282.9
1.70 283.8
2.00 297.9
2.20 307.3
36





IS 12992 ( Part 1) : 1993
0. 60
0. 50
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 15 50
% GAUGE BACK PRESSURE:
BACK PRESSURE, bar x ,oo
SET PRESSURE, bar
NOTE -The above curves represent a compromise of the values recommended by a number of relief valve manufacturers and may be
used when the make of valve or the actual critical flow pressure point for the vapour or gas is unknown. When the make is known, the
manufacturer should be consulted for the correction factor.
These curves are for set pressures of 3.5 bar and above. They are limited to back pressure below critical flow pressure for a given set
pressure. For subcritical flow back pressures below 3.5 bar, the manufacturer must be consulted for the values of&
FIG. 2 VARLULE OR CONSTANT BACK-PRESSURE SIZING FACTOR K,, FOR BALANCED
BELLOWS SAFEIT RELIEF VALVES (VAPOURS AND GASES)
37





IS 12992 ( Part 1) : 1993
1.00
0.95
0.90
0. 65
0.60
0.75
0.70
0.65
0.60
0.55
0.50
0 10 20 30 10 50
BACK PRESSURE, bar
1. GAUGE BACK PRESSURE:
x 100
SET PRESSURE, bar
NOTE-The above curve represents a compromise of rbcvalues recommended by a number of relief valve manufacturers. This
curve may be used when the make of the valve is not known. When the make is known, the manufacturers should be consulted for
the correction factor.
,
FIG. 3 VARIABLE OR CONSTANT BACK-PRESSURE SKLNG FACIDR I& FOR 2.5 PERCENT
OVER PRESSURE ON BALANCED BELLOWS [SAITTY RELIEF VALVES (LIQUIDS O~Y)]
38





IS 12992 ( Part 1) : 1993
0.90
0.60
z.2
0 0.70
E
f 0.60
z
2 0.50
tt
g 0.40
00
0.30
0.20
0
0 5 to 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
PERCENT OVERPRESSURE
,
NOTE-The above curve shows that up to and including 25 percent overpressure, capacity is affected by the change in lift, the change
in orifice discharge co-efficient, and the change in overpressure. Above 25 percent, capacity is affected only by the change in
overpressure.
Valves operating at low overpressures tend to chatter; therefore, overpressures of less than JO percent should be avoided.
FIG. 4 CAPACITY CORRECTION FACKIRS DUE M OVER-PRESSURE FOR REUEFAND Sm
RELIEF VALVES IN LIQUID Smvm
39





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As in the Original Standard, this Page is Intentionally Left Blank





IS 12992 ( Part 1) : 1993
ANNEX D
(Clause 4.2)
SIZING FOR GAS EXPANSION DUE TO EXTERNAL FIRE
The discharge areas for safety and safety relief valves F =
on gas containing vessels exposed to open fires can be
determined by the use of the following formula :
A. =
where
A =
FA
A= +x 18.86
0
P, =
Effective discharge area of the valve, in square
centimetres.
An operating factor determined from Figure 5.
Exposed surface area of the vessel, in square
metres; and
Upstream pressure, in bar. This is the set pres-
sure multiplied by 1.10 or 1.20 ( Depending on
the over pressure permissible) plus the at
mospberic pressure, in bar.
i.005 0.015 0.025 0.035 0.045 0.055
RELIEF VALVE FACTOR F1
NOTE - F = Factors for noninsulated carbon steel vessels in gas service exposed to open fires.
FIG. 5 SIZING FOR GAS EWANSION DUE TO EXTERNAL FIRE
43





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for the use of the Standard Mark may be granted to manufacturers or producers may be
I
obtained from the Bureau of Indian Standards.
I





Bureau of Indian Standards
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