Short Term Energy Outlook - EIA

October2014
Short-Term Energy and Winter Fuels Outlook (STEO)
Highlights
EIAprojectsaverageU.S.householdexpendituresfornaturalgas,heatingoil,electricity,and
propanewilldecreasethiswinterheatingseason(October1throughMarch31)compared
withlastwinter,whichwas11%colderthantheprevious10yearaveragenationally.
Projectedaveragehouseholdexpendituresforpropaneandheatingoilare27%and15%
lower,respectively,becauseoflowerheatingdemandandprices.Lowerheatingdemand
andhigherpricescontributetonaturalgasandelectricityexpendituresthatare5%and2%
lowerthanlastwinter(seeEIAShortTermEnergyOutlookandWinterFuelsOutlook
slideshow).
Driveninlargepartbyfallingcrudeoilprices,U.S.regulargasolineretailpricesfelltoan
averageof$3.41/gallon(gal)inSeptember,29centsbelowtheJuneaverage.U.S.regular
gasolineretailpricesareprojectedtocontinuetodeclinetoanaverageof$3.14/galin
December.EIAexpectsU.S.regulargasolineretailprices,whichaveraged$3.51/galin2013,
toaverage$3.45/galin2014and$3.38/galin2015.
WeakeningglobaldemandhelpedNorthSeaBrentcrudeoilspotpricesfalltoanaverageof
$97perbarrel(bbl)inSeptember,thefirstmonthBrentpriceshaveaveragedbelow
$100/bblinmorethantwoyears.EIAprojectsthatBrentcrudeoilpriceswillaverage
$98/bblinfourthquarter2014and$102/bblin2015.TheWTIdiscounttoBrent,which
averaged$11/bblin2013,isexpectedtoaverage$7/bblinboth2014and2015.
TotalU.S.crudeoilproductionaveragedanestimated8.7millionbarrelsperday(bbl/d)in
September,thehighestmonthlyproductionsinceJuly1986.Totalcrudeoilproduction,
whichaveraged7.4millionbbl/din2013,isexpectedtoaverage9.5millionbbl/din2015.If
realized,the2015forecastwouldbethehighestannualaveragecrudeoilproductionsince
1970.Naturalgasplantliquidsproductionisexpectedtoincreasefromanaverageof2.6
millionbbl/din2013to3.2millionbbl/din2015.
NaturalgasworkinginventoriesonSeptember26totaled3.10trillioncubicfeet(Tcf),0.37
Tcf(11%)belowthelevelatthesametimeayearagoand0.40Tcf(11%)belowtheprevious
fiveyearaverage(200913).Projectednaturalgasworkinginventoriesreach3.53Tcfatthe
endofOctober,0.28Tcfbelowthelevelatthesametimelastyear.Despitethelower
stocksatthestartofthiswinter'sheatingseason,EIAexpectstheHenryHubnaturalgas
U.S.EnergyInformationAdministration|ShortTermEnergyandWinterFuelsOutlookOctober2014
spotpriceto$4.00/millionBritishthermalunits(MMBtu)thiswintercomparedwith
$4.53/MMBtulastwinter.Thispriceforecastreflectsbothlowerexpectedheatingdemand
andsignificantlyhighernaturalgasproductionthiswinter.
ProjectedWinterFuelExpendituresbyFuelandRegion
TheaveragehouseholdwinterheatingfuelexpendituresdiscussedinthisSTEOprovideabroad
guidetochangescomparedwithlastwinter.However,fuelexpendituresforindividual
householdsarehighlydependentonlocalweatherconditions,marketsize,thesizeandenergy
efficiencyofindividualhomesandtheirheatingequipment,andthermostatsettings(seeWinter
FuelsOutlooktable).ForecasttemperaturesbasedonthelatestforecastsfromtheNational
OceanicandAtmosphericAdministration(NOAA)aremuchwarmerthanlastwintereastofthe
RockyMountains,withtheMidwest16%warmer,theSouth12%warmer,theNortheast11%
warmer.However,lastwinterprovidesareminderthatweathercanbeunpredictable,andthe
WinterFuelsOutlookincludesforecastsforscenarioswhereheatingdegreedays(HDD)inall
regionsmaybe10%higher(colder)or10%lower(warmer)thanforecast.
NaturalGas.AbouthalfofallU.S.householdsheatwithnaturalgas,andtheaveragehousehold
mayexpecta5%decreaseinwinternaturalgasexpenditures.EIAprojectsa10%declinein
residentialnaturalgasconsumptionthisyearastemperaturesareexpectedtoreturntocloser
tonormallevels.Thesavingsfromlowerconsumptionarepartiallyoffsetbyhigherresidential
prices.AlthoughEIAforecastslowerHenryHubpricesthiswinter,currentspotpricesdonot
directlytranslateintolowerdeliveredresidentialprices.UtilitiesbeganbuyinggasinAprilfor
theupcomingheatingseason,andpricesin2014haveaveragedhigherthanlastyear.Plus,the
ratesthatutilitieschargecanbesetbystateutilitycommissionsayearormoreinadvance.
Undera10%colderscenario,EIAprojectsconsumptionwillbe3%lessthanlastyearand
expenditureswillbe6%greaterthanlastyear.Undera10%warmerscenario,EIAexpectsa
declineof17%inconsumptionand12%inexpenditurescomparedwithlastyear.
Lastwinter,gasfiredpowerplantsintheNortheasthadtocompeteforanincreasinglylimited
amountofavailablenaturalgaspipelinecapacityfromasystemthatwasalreadyconstrained,
particularlyinNewEnglandandNewYork.Thiscausednaturalgasspotpricesandconsequently
dayaheadpowerpricestospike.Pipelineconstraintsstillexistinthearea,anddaytodayprice
volatilityislikely.Theregionhastwoimportantmarginalsourcesofsupplyfortimesofveryhigh
demand:liquefiednaturalgas(LNG)importsandpipelineimportsfromCanada.AlthoughLNG
importshavedeclineddramaticallyinthepastseveralyears,GDFSuezstillreceivescargoes
fromTrinidadunderlongtermcontractsatitsLNGterminalnearBoston.Oneoftheterminals
customersistheadjacentMysticPowerPlant.LNGreceivedattheCanaportLNGterminalin
NewBrunswick,NovaScotia,alsocomestotheUnitedStatesviatheBrunswickPipeline.
Strongproductiongrowththisyearcontributedtoarecordinventorybuild.EIAprojects
workingnaturalgasinventoriesof3,532billioncubicfeet(Bcf)attheendofOctober.EIA
expectsworkinggasinventoriestobedrawndownto1,534BcfattheendofMarch2015.Even
intheeventofanothercoldwinter,EIAdoesnotexpectstockstofallbelow1,000Bcfbythe
endofthisheatingseason.
HeatingOil.EIAexpectshouseholdsheatingprimarilywithheatingoiltospendanaverageof
$362(15%)lessthiswinterthanlastwinter,reflectingpricesthatare$0.25/gal(6%)lowerand
consumptionthatis10%lower.Heatingoilpricesareexpectedtobelowerinlargepart
becauseoflowercrudeoilprices,withBrentcrudeoilpricesforecasttoaverage$9/bbl
($0.22/gal)lowerthiswinterthanlast.Inthe10%colderweatherscenario,projected
expendituresare$124lowerthanlastwinter,withpricesthatare$0.16/gallowerthanlast
winter.
Anumberoffactorscontributetouncertaintyinthiswintersheatingoilmarket,including
weatherandoilpricevolatility,theadequacyofinventories,andchangesinfuelspecifications.
DistillatestocksintheNortheasttotaled29.3millionbarrelsonSeptember26,0.2million
barrelsbelowthesametimelastyearandthelowestlevelforthistimeofyearsince2000.
However,unlesssevereweatherintheNortheastcoincideswithsevereweatherinEurope,
demandshouldbereadilymetviasuppliesfromtheAtlanticBasinmarket.
RelianceonheatingoilishighestintheNortheast,whereabout23%ofhouseholdsdependon
heatingoilforspaceheating.Nationwide,only5%ofhouseholdsuseheatingoil.Thestateof
NewYork,whichaccountsforaboutonethirdoftheregionsheatingoilmarket,hasrequired
theuseofultralowsulfurheatingoilsinceJuly2012.Fivestates(Connecticut,Massachusetts,
NewJersey,RhodeIsland,andVermont)loweredtheirheatingoilmaximumsulfurspecification
onJuly1from2,000partspermillion(ppm)(andhigher)to500ppm.Nomajorimpactis
expectedassupplierswilleitherblendhighsulfurdistillatewithultralowsulfurdiesel(ULSD)or
deliverULSD,whichisareadilyavailablefuel.
InJanuary2015,newregulationswilllimitmarinevesselfuelsulfurlevelsincertaincoastal
watersto1,000ppm.Somevesselsareexpectedtoswitchfromusingresidualfueloilto
distillatebecauseofitslowersulfurcontent.However,theeffectontheNortheastheatingoil
marketshouldbelimitedbecausemarinefueldemandinthisregionisrelativelysmall.
Propane.About5%ofallU.S.householdsheatwithpropane.EIAexpectshouseholdsheating
primarilywithpropanetospendlessthiswinter,buttheprojecteddecreasevariesacross
regions.EIAexpectsthathouseholdsheatingwithpropaneintheMidwestwillspendan
averageof$767(34%)lessthiswinterthanlastwinter,reflectingpricesthatareabout24%
lowerandconsumptionthatis13%lowerthanlastwinter.HouseholdsintheNortheastare
expectedtospendanaverageof$340(13%)lessthiswinter,withaveragepricesthatareabout
5%lowerandconsumptionthatis9%lowerthanlastwinter.
Headingintothewintermonths,primarypropanestocksintheGulfCoast(PADD3)andthe
Midwest(PADD2)attheendofSeptemberwere6.6millionbarrels(18%)and3.7million
barrels(15%)higher,respectively,thanatthesametimelastyear.Propanespotpricesatthe
MontBelvieu,TexasandConway,KansasdeliverypointsinearlyOctoberwereclosetopricesat
thesametimelastyear.Theoutlookforpropanedemandisuncertaingivenvolatilityinwinter
temperaturesandanotherexpectedrecordcorncrop,whichcoulddrawdownpropanestocks
forcropdrying.TheCochinPipeline,whichpreviouslydeliveredpropanefromCanadatothe
Midwest,wasreversedinearly2014.Whilethisreversalwilllimittheabilitytodeliverpropane
intotheregion,higherpropaneproductionfromgasplantsintheMidwestandnewand
expandedrailterminalsshouldhelptosupplypropanetotheregionthiswinter.
Electricity.Householdsheatingprimarilywithelectricitycanexpecttospendanaverageof$17
(2%)lessthiswinter,with3%higherpricesbut5%lessconsumptionthanlastwinter.About
39%ofallU.S.householdsrelyonelectricityastheirprimaryheatingsource,rangingregionally
from15%intheNortheastto63%intheSouth.
Undera10%colderscenario,EIAestimatesthatU.S.residentialelectricityconsumptionthis
winterwouldbe1.8%higherthanduringthewinterof201314.Residentialelectricityprices
wouldnotriseimmediately,buttheeffectofcoldertemperatureswouldpassthroughtoretail
electricityratesoverthesucceedingmonthsof2015.Fora10%colderscenario,theaverage
U.S.residentialpricewouldriseby2.7%in2015incontrasttothebaselineforecastof1.7%
growth.TheeffectwouldbegreatestinNewEnglandwhereresidentialpriceswouldriseby
6.0%nextyeariftheresacoldwinter,incontrasttothebaselineforecastofa3.6%increase.
WholesaleelectricitypricesintheNortheastregionspikedlastwinterbecauseofawinterfreeze
andconstraintsonsupplyingnaturalgastopowergenerators.Asaresult,retailelectricity
customersinthatareahaveexperiencedincreasesaveragingupto12%sofarthisyear.The
naturalgaspipelineconstraintsinNewEnglandstillexistanddeliveriesintotheregionarenear
capacity.Ifcolderthanexpectedtemperaturesoccurthiswinter,thereisthepossibilitythat
wholesaleelectricitypricescouldriseagain.Electricitytradersarealreadyfactoringinthis
uncertaintythroughhigherforwardmarketpricesforwholesaleelectricityintheNortheast
IndependentSystemOperators.
Wood.Theuseofcordwoodandwoodpelletsastheprimaryresidentialspaceheatingfuelhas
increasedby38%since2004,toabout2.5millionhouseholdsin2013.About8%ofhouseholds
usewoodasasecondarysourceofheat,makingwoodsecondonlytoelectricityasa
supplementalheatingfuel.About20%ofNewEnglandhomes(1.1million)usedwoodforspace
heating,waterheating,orcookingin2009(EIA,ResidentialEnergyConsumptionSurvey,2009),
whichisnearlytwicethenationalrate.AlmosthalfofallruralhouseholdsinNewEnglandused
wood,comparedwithonly12%oftheareasurbanhouseholds.
GlobalPetroleumandOtherLiquids
EIAprojectsworldpetroleumandotherliquidssupplytoincreaseby1.6millionbbl/din2014
andby0.9millionbbl/din2015,withmostofthegrowthcomingfromcountriesoutsideofthe
OrganizationofthePetroleumExportingCountries(OPEC).ForecastnonOPECsupplygrowsby
1.9millionbbl/din2014and1.2millionbbl/din2015.TheUnitedStatesandCanadaaccount
formuchofthisgrowth.Projectedworldliquidfuelsconsumptiongrowsbyanannualaverage
of1.0millionbbl/din2014and1.2millionbbl/din2015.
GlobaldisruptionstoneartermsupplyhaveabatedsinceJune,whenLibya'sproductionand
exportswereataminimallevel,andviolenceinnorthernIraqescalated,causingnorthern
production(outsideofIraqiKurdistan)tocomenearlytohalt.Iraq'ssoutherncrudeoilexports
stillremainunaffectedbytheunrestinnorthernIraq.InLibya,productionaveraged0.8million
bbl/dinSeptember,itshighestlevelinmorethan1year.However,thesecuritysituationin
Libyaisstillprecarious,withasignificantpossibilityofintermittentdisruptions.
GlobalPetroleumandOtherLiquidsConsumption.EIAestimatesthatglobalconsumptiongrew
by1.3millionbbl/d(1.5%)in2013,averaging90.4millionbbl/dfortheyear.EIAexpectsglobal
consumptiontogrowby1.0millionbbl/din2014and1.2millionbbl/din2015.Projectedglobal
oilconsumptionweightedrealGDP,whichincreasedbyanestimated2.7%in2013,growsby
2.7%and3.3%in2014and2015,respectively.
ConsumptionoutsideoftheOrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment(OECD)is
projectedtogrowby1.2millionbbl/din2014and1.1millionbbl/din2015,accountingfor
nearlyallforecastglobalconsumptiongrowthduringthatperiod.Chinaistheleading
contributortoprojectedglobalconsumptiongrowth,withconsumptionincreasingby0.37
millionbbl/dinboth2014and2015.
EIAexpectsa0.20millionbbl/ddeclineinOECDconsumptionin2014.JapanandEuropeare
expectedtoaccountformuchoftheprojectedOECDconsumptiondeclines.EIAexpectsJapan's
consumption,whichfellby0.16millionbbl/din2013,tocontinuetodeclinebyanannual
averageof0.13millionbbl/din2014and0.14millionbbl/din2015.Japansoilconsumptionis
expectedtofallasthecountrycontinuestoreduceitsshareofoilusedintheelectricitysector,
replacingitwithnaturalgas,coal,andnuclearpowerasthecountryreturnssomenuclear
powerplantstoservicein2015.EIAprojectsthatOECDEurope'sconsumption,whichfellby
0.15millionbbl/din2013,willdeclineby0.13millionbbl/din2014andbyafurther0.02million
bbl/din2015.U.S.consumption,whichincreasedby0.47millionbbl/din2013,isexpectedto
declineby0.04millionbbl/din2014andthenincreaseby0.17millionbbl/din2015.
NonOPECPetroleumandOtherLiquidsSupply.EIAestimatesthatnonOPECproductiongrew
by1.4millionbbl/din2013,averaging54.1millionbbl/dfortheyear.EIAexpectsnonOPEC
productiontogrowby1.9millionbbl/din2014and1.2millionbbl/din2015.TheUnitedStates
istheleadingcontributortoforecastnonOPECsupplygrowth,increasingby1.48millionbbl/d
in2014and1.23millionbbl/din2015.EIAestimatesthatEurasia'sproductionwillrisebyan
annualaverageof0.08millionbbl/din2014and0.02millionbbl/din2015.Thisforecast
assumesthecurrenteconomicsanctionsonRussiadonotaffectRussianoilproductioninthe
shortterm.

UnplannedsupplydisruptionsamongnonOPECproducersaveragednearly0.6millionbbl/din
September,downslightlyfromthepreviousmonth.SouthSudan,Syria,andYemenaccounted
formorethan90%oftotalnonOPECsupplydisruptions.EIAdoesnotassumeadisruptiontooil
supplyordemandasaresultofongoingeventsinUkraine.
OPECPetroleumandOtherLiquidsSupply.EIAestimatesthatOPECcrudeoilproduction
averaged29.9millionbbl/din2013,adeclineof0.99millionbbl/dfromthepreviousyear,
primarilyreflectingincreasedoutagesinLibya,Nigeria,andIraq,alongwithstrongnonOPEC
supplygrowth.EIAexpectsOPECcrudeoilproductiontofallby0.2millionbbl/din2014andby
morethan0.4millionbbl/din2015toaccommodategrowingproductioninnonOPEC
countries.
UnplannedcrudeoilsupplydisruptionsamongOPECproducersaveraged2.2millionbbl/din
September2014,0.2millionbbl/dlowerthanthepreviousmonthbecauseofdecreasedoutages
inLibya.Libyasproductionincreasedto0.8millionbbl/dinSeptember,0.3millionbbl/dhigher
thanthepreviousmonth,butstillwellbelowthe1.4millionbbl/dthecountryproducedbefore
themajorblockadesstartedinmid2013.Libyastillfacesaconsiderablechallengeinrampingup
productiontoitsfullcapacityorevensustainingitatthecurrentlevel.Despitetherecent
productionincrease,thesecuritysituationhasdeterioratedinpartsofthecountry,andthe
evacuationofforeignworkersisinhibitingproductionlevelsfromreachingcapacityatsome
fields.Asaresult,EIAdoesnotexpectLibya'soilproductiontorecovertoitspreblockadelevel
overtheforecastperiod.
EIAexpectsOPECsurpluscrudeoilproductioncapacity,whichisconcentratedinSaudiArabia,
toaverage2.2millionbbl/din2014and3.0millionbbl/din2015.Theseestimatesdonot
includeadditionalcapacitythatmaybeavailableinIranbutisofflinebecauseoftheeffectsof
U.S.andEuropeanUnionsanctionsonIran'sabilitytosellitsoil.
OECDPetroleumInventories.EIAestimatesthatOECDcommercialoilinventoriestotaled2.55
billionbarrelsattheendof2013,equivalenttoroughly55daysofconsumption.ProjectedOECD
oilinventoriesriseto2.62billionbarrelsattheendof2014.
CrudeOilPrices.NorthSeaBrentcrudeoilspotpricesaveraged$97/bblinSeptember,a
decreaseof$5/bblfromAugustandthefirstmonthBrentcrudeoilpriceshaveaveragedbelow
$100/bblsinceJune2012.Brentcrudeoilpricesweredrivendownwardinlargepartbecauseof
weakeningglobaloildemandandhigherLibyanoilexports(EIA,ThisWeekinPetroleum,
September24,2014).TheforecastBrentcrudeoilpriceaverages$104/bblin2014and
$102/bblin2015,$2/bbllowerand$1/bbllowerthanprojectedinlastmonth'sSTEO,
respectively.
ThemonthlyaverageWTIcrudeoilspotpricefellfromanaverageof$97/bblinAugustto
$93/bblinSeptember.HighrefineryrunscontributedtothediscountofWTIcrudeoiltoBrent
crudeoilfallingfromanaverageof$8/bblduringthefirsthalfofthisyeartoanaverageof
$4/bblinthethirdquarter.EIAnowexpectsWTIcrudeoilpricestoaverage$91/bblinthe
fourthquarterof2014and$95/bblin2015.ThediscountofWTItoBrentcrudeoilisforecastto
widenfromcurrentlevels,averaging$7/bblinthefourthquarterof2014andin2015.
Energypriceforecastsarehighlyuncertain,andthecurrentvaluesoffuturesandoptions
contractssuggestthatpricescoulddiffersignificantlyfromtheforecastlevels(MarketPrices
andUncertaintyReport).WTIfuturescontractsforJanuary2015delivery,tradedduringthe
fivedayperiodendingOctober2,averaged$91/bbl.Impliedvolatilityaveraged19%,
establishingthelowerandupperlimitsofthe95%confidenceintervalforthemarket's
expectationsofmonthlyaverageWTIpricesinJanuary2015at$76/bbland$107/bbl,
respectively.Lastyearatthistime,WTIforJanuary2014deliveryaveraged$102/bbland
impliedvolatilityaveraged20%.Thecorrespondinglowerandupperlimitsofthe95%
confidenceintervalwere$85/bbland$121/bbl.
U.S.PetroleumandOtherLiquids
LiquidFuelsConsumption.TotalU.S.liquidfuelsconsumptionroseby470,000bbl/d(2.5%)in
2013,thelargestincreasesince2004.Consumptionofallthemajorliquidfuelsrose,except
residualfueloil.Consumptionofhydrocarbongasliquids(HGL)registeredthelargestgain,
increasingby190,000bbl/d(8.5%).In2014,totalliquidfuelsconsumptionisexpectedtofallby
40,000bbl/d(0.2%),withdeclinesintheconsumptionofmotorgasoline,HGL,residualfueloil,
andotheroilsoffsettingincreasesindistillatefuelandunfinishedoilsconsumption.Total
consumptiongrowsby170,000bbl/din2015,withHGLconsumptionaccountingforthree
fourthsoftheincrease.
Motorgasolineconsumptiongrewby160,000bbl/d(1.9%)in2013,thelargestincreasesince
2004.Butconsumptionofthatfuelfallsby20,000bbl/d(0.2%)in2014andbyafurther20,000
bbl/din2015asimprovingfueleconomyinnewvehiclesoffsetshighwaytravelgrowth.
Distillatefuelconsumptionincreasesby150,000bbl/d(3.9%)in2014,reflectingcolderthan
averagefirstquarterweatherandeconomicgrowth.Consumptionofthatfuelrisesbyamore
moderate70,000bbl/d(1.9%)in2015underassumptionsofnormalwinterweather.
LiquidFuelsSupply.TheforecastfortotalU.S.crudeoilproductionincreasesfrom7.4million
bbl/din2013to8.5millionbbl/din2014and9.5millionbbl/din2015.Thehighestprevious
annualaverageU.S.productionlevelwas9.6millionbbl/din1970.OilproductionfromtheGulf
ofMexicoisexpectedtoincreasefrom1.3millionbbl/din2013to1.6millionbbl/din2015,
with11projectsstartingthisyear.Sixprojectsbeganproductioninthefirsthalfof2014:Na
KikaPhase3,MarsB,Dalmatian,Entrada,AtlantisPhase2,andTubularBells.Additionalwells
areexpectedtocomeonlineinthefourthquarterof2014fromtheCardamomDeep,South
Deimos/WestBoreas,HadrianSouth,Jack/St.Malo,andLuciusprojects.
HGLproductionatnaturalgasliquidsplantsisprojectedtoincreasefrom2.6millionbbl/din
2013to3.2millionbbl/din2015.Mostofthisgrowthisexpectedtocomefromadditional
ethaneandpropaneproductionthatwillmeetgrowingdemandassociatedwithexpanding
domesticethyleneandpropyleneproductionandexportcapacity.
Thegrowthindomesticproductionhascontributedtoasignificantdeclineinpetroleum
imports.TheshareoftotalU.S.liquidfuelsconsumptionmetbynetimportsfellfrom60%in
2005toanaverageof33%in2013.EIAexpectsthenetimportsharetodeclineto20%in2015,
whichwouldbethelowestlevelsince1968.
PetroleumProductPrices.Monthlyaverageregulargasolineretailpricesfellfrom$3.69/galin
Juneto$3.41/galinSeptember.EIAexpectsaverageregulargasolineretailpricestocontinue
fallingto$3.14/galinDecember.TheU.S.annualaverageregulargasolineretailprice,which
averaged$3.51/galin2013,isprojectedtoaverage$3.45/galin2014and$3.38/galin2015.
Dieselfuelprices,whichaveraged$3.92/galin2013,areprojectedtofalltoanaverageof
$3.85/galin2014and$3.80/galin2015.Dailyandweeklynationalaveragepricescandiffer
significantlyfrommonthlyandseasonalaverages,andtherearealsosignificantdifferences
acrossregions,withmonthlyaveragepricesinsomeareasfallingaboveorbelowthenational
averagepriceby$0.30/galormore.
NaturalGas
NaturalGasConsumption.EIAexpectsthattotalnaturalgasconsumptiontoaverage72.5
Bcf/din2014,anincreaseof1.6%from2013,withtheindustrialsectorleadingthegrowth.In
2015,totalnaturalgasconsumptionwillincrease0.3%,ascontinuedindustrialsectorgrowth
andhigherelectricpowersectorconsumptionoffsetlowerresidentialandcommercial
consumption.Highernaturalgaspricesthisyearcontributetoa2.3%declineinnaturalgas
consumptioninthepowersectorto21.8Bcf/din2014.EIAexpectsnaturalgasconsumptionin
thepowersectortoincreaseto22.6Bcf/din2015.
NaturalGasProductionandTrade.EIAexpectsnaturalgasmarketedproductiontogrowbyan
annualrateof5.4%in2014and2.0%in2015.STEOprojectsthatthestrongincreasesalready
seenintheLower48statesthisyearwillcontinue,offsettingdeclinesintheGulfofMexico.As
ofJuly,themostrecentmonthforwhichEIAdataareavailable,marketedproductionwas4.2
Bcf/dgreaterthanitwasinJuly2013.
Growingdomesticproductionisexpectedtocontinuetoputdownwardpressureonnaturalgas
importsfromCanadaandspurexportstoMexico.ExportstoMexico,particularlyfromtheEagle
FordShaleinSouthTexas,areexpectedtoincreasebecauseofgrowingdemandfromMexico's
electricpowersectorandflatMexicanproduction.
LNGimportshavefallenoverthepastfouryearsbecausehigherpricesinEuropeandAsiaare
moreattractivetosellersthantherelativelylowpricesintheUnitedStates.LNGexportsare
stillaverysmallpartofthetotalpicture,however,andoveralltheUnitedStateswillremaina
netimporterofnaturalgasbecauseofpipelineimportsfromCanada.
NaturalGasInventories.Naturalgasworkinginventoriestotaled3,100BcfasofSeptember26,
whichwas373Bcflowerthanatthesametimelastyearand399Bcflowerthantheprevious
fiveyear(200913)average.TheinjectionseasonbegansomewhatslowlyinApril,buthas
continuedatastrongpace,withinjectionsabovethefiveyear(200913)averagethroughout
mostoftheinjectionseason.EIAexpectsworkinggasstockswillreach3,532Bcfattheendof
October,283Bcflowerthanatthesametimelastyear.Headingintonextsummer,EIAprojects
endofMarch2015inventorieswillbe122Bcfbelowthefiveyear(201014)average.
NaturalGasPrices.TheHenryHubnaturalgasspotpriceaveraged$3.92/MMBtuinSeptember,
aslightincreasefromAugust.EIAexpectsspotpricestoremainbelow$4.00/MMBtuthrough
November,beforerisingwithwinterheatingdemand.ProjectedHenryHubnaturalgasprices
average$4.45/MMBtuin2014and$3.84/MMBtuin2015.
NaturalgasfuturespricesforJanuary2015delivery(forthefivedayperiodendingOctober2)
averaged$4.19/MMBtu.Currentoptionsandfuturespricesimplythatmarketparticipants
placethelowerandupperboundsforthe95%confidenceintervalforDecember2014contracts
at$2.96/MMBtuand$5.94/MMBtu,respectively.Atthistimelastyear,thenaturalgasfutures
contractforJanuary2014averaged$3.83/MMBtuandthecorrespondinglowerandupperlimits
ofthe95%confidenceintervalwere$2.91/MMBtuand$5.04/MMBtu.
Coal
AccordingtodatacompiledbytheAssociationofAmericanRailroads(AAR),yeartodaterail
coalshipmentsweredownby0.1%asofSeptember27.AARdatashowthattotalU.S.railtraffic
isup4.4%yeartodateandshipmentsofpetroleumandgrainareupby12.5%and17.7%,
respectively.
TworailwaysthatservePowderRiverBasin(PRB)producers,UnionPacificandBNSF,provided
theU.S.SurfaceTransportationBoard(STB)withtheirassessmentsoftheirabilitytoproviderail
servicefortheremainderoftheyear(fallpeakperiod)andtheupcomingwinterseason.The
STBannuallyrequeststheassessmentsfromallClassIrailroads.UnionPacificstatedthatithas
respondedbyactivatingsurgeresources,whichincludedacquiringmorelocomotives,hiring
moreemployees,andincreasingcoaltrainsizeswherepossible.BNSFalsoplanstoexpandits
locomotivefleetandincreasecoaltrainsizes,buttheyemphasizedthattheirprioritywillbeto
transportcoalthatiscurrentlycontracted.
CoalSupply.EIAestimatesthatcoalproductionforthefirstthreequartersofthisyear,742
millionshorttons(MMst),wasslightlylower(3MMst,or0.4%)thanproductionoverthesame
periodlastyear.YeartodateproductionintheWest,whichincludesthePRB,isdownbynearly
2MMst,andhasbeenhinderedbyrailtransportationproblems.EIAexpectsthatU.S.coal
productionwillaccelerateinthefourthquarterandannualproductionwillgrow1.4%to998
MMstin2014.In2015,forecastU.S.coalproductionincreasesby0.4%to1,002MMst.
Electricpowersectorcoalinventoriesfellto125MMstattheendofJuly,7MMstlowerthan
thepreviousmonth.Thisstockdrawdownwas4MMstlessthanthesametimelastyear.Coal
inventoryreductionsintheMidwestandSouth,tworegionsthatrelyheavilyoncoalfired
generation,weredown1MMstand2MMst,respectively,whencomparedwithlastyear.
CoalConsumption.Higherelectricitydemandandhigherpowersectornaturalgaspricesthat
aremorethan21%abovetheir2013levelcontributedtoa3.0%increaseinelectricpower
sectorcoalconsumptionforthefirstsevenmonthsofthisyearfromthesameperiodlastyear.
EIAprojectstotalcoalconsumptionof941MMstin2014,anincreaseof1.7%fromlastyear.
Totalcoalconsumptionisprojectedtofallby2.0%in2015,asretirementsofcoalpowerplants
riseinresponsetotheimplementationoftheMercuryandAirToxicsStandards,electricitysales
growthslowsto0.6%,andnaturalgaspricesfallrelativetocoalprices.
CoalTrade.EIAestimatesthatcoalexportsforthefirstsevenmonthsofthisyearwere15.5%
(10.9MMst)lowercomparedwithlastyear,withtonnagedeclinesforsteamcoalexportsmore
than4timesthoseformetallurgicalcoal.Exportsofcoalareprojectedtodeclineto96MMstin
2014from118MMstin2013,primarilybecauseofslowingworldcoaldemandgrowth,lower
internationalcoalprices,andincreasingcoaloutputinothercoalexportingcountries.EIA
projectscoalexportstoremainnearlyflatin2015.
Coalimportsforthefirstsevenmonthsofthisyearincreasedby36.5%(1.8MMst)compared
withlastyear.EIAexpectscoalimports,whichaccountforabout1%ofU.S.coalconsumption,
tototal11.4MMstin2014andfallslightlyto10.7MMstin2015.
CoalPrices.Annualaveragecoalpricestotheelectricpowerindustryfellfrom$2.39/MMBtuin
2011to$2.35/MMBtuin2013.EIAexpectstheaveragedeliveredcoalpricestobe
$2.36/MMBtuin2014andremainatthatlevelin2015.
Electricity
ElectricityConsumption.ForecastU.S.salesofelectricitytotheresidentialsectorare1.7%
higherin2014comparedwithlastyear,driveninlargepartbythecoldweatherexperienced
earlyintheyear.Residentialelectricitysalesfallby0.3%in2015.U.S.commercialsector
electricitysalesareexpectedtoaverage0.9%higherin2014thansaleslastyearandthengrow
by0.4%in2015.EIAexpectsU.S.industrialsectorelectricitysalestoremainflatduring2014
andgrowby2.1%in2015.
ElectricityGeneration.EIAprojectsthataveragedailyU.S.electricitygenerationin2014will
growby105gigawatthoursperday(0.9%)fromlastyear.Relativefuelcostshavefavoredcoal
10
firedgenerationovernaturalgasthisyear,leadingtoanexpectedincreaseincoalsshareof
totalgenerationfrom39.1%in2013to39.8%thisyear,whilethesharesuppliedbynaturalgas
fallsfrom27.4%to26.8%.In2015,EIAexpectsthatnaturalgas'fuelsharewillriseto27.6%and
coal'sfuelsharewilldeclineto38.7%.
ElectricityRetailPrices.EIAexpectstheU.S.residentialpricetoaverage12.5centsper
kilowatthourin2014,whichis3.0%higherthantheaveragelastyear.Pricesincreaseinall
regionsofthecountryexceptalongthePacificCoast.AverageU.S.residentialelectricityprices
growataslowerrateof1.7%in2015.
RenewablesandCarbonDioxideEmissions
ElectricityandHeatGenerationfromRenewables.EIAprojectsthattotalrenewablesusedfor
electricityandheatgenerationwillgrowby2.2%in2014.Conventionalhydropowergeneration
isprojectedtofallby4.2%,whilenonhydropowerrenewablesriseby5.6%.Nonhydropower
renewablesgenerationsurpasseshydropoweronanannualbasisforthefirsttimein2014.In
2015,totalrenewablesconsumptionforelectricpowerandheatgenerationincreasesby4.6%,
asaresultofa4.3%increaseinhydropoweranda4.7%increaseinnonhydropowerrenewables.
EIAprojectsthatwindpowercapacitywillincreaseby8.8%in2014and16.2%in2015.
Electricitygenerationfromwindisprojectedtocontribute4.7%oftotalelectricitygenerationin
2015.
EIAexpectscontinuedrobustgrowthinsolarelectricitygeneration,althoughtheamountof
utilityscalegenerationremainsasmallshareoftotalU.S.generationatabout0.6%in2015.
Whilesolargrowthhashistoricallybeenconcentratedincustomersiteddistributedgeneration
installations,utilityscalesolarcapacityslightlymorethandoubledin2013.EIAexpectsthat
utilityscalesolarcapacitywillaboutdoubleagainbetweentheendof2013andtheendof
2015;abouttwothirdsofthisnewcapacityisbeingbuiltinCalifornia.However,customersited
photovoltaiccapacitygrowth,whichtheSTEOdoesnotforecast,isexpectedtoexceedutility
scalesolargrowthbetween2013and2015,accordingtoEIA'sAnnualEnergyOutlook2014.
LiquidBiofuels.EthanolproductioninJunematchedthemonthlyaverageproductionrecordof
959,000bbl/dsetinDecember2011,andthenfellbacktoanaverageof909,000bbl/din
September.EIAexpectsethanolproductiontoaverage927,000bbl/din2014and933,000bbl/d
in2015.Biodieselproductionaveraged89,000bbl/din2013andisforecasttoaverage81,000
bbl/din2014and84,000bbl/din2015.
EnergyRelatedCarbonDioxideEmissions.EIAestimatesthatcarbondioxideemissionsfrom
fossilfuelsincreasedby2.5%in2013fromthepreviousyear.Emissionsareforecasttoriseby
1.1%in2014,andthentodeclineby0.4%in2015.Theincreaseintotalemissionsin2013and
2014reflectsincreasesinemissionsfromcoalof4.2%and1.8%,respectively.Thepriceof
naturalgastoelectricpowergeneratorswas$0.91/MMBtuaboveits2012levelin2013andis
11
expectedtoriseby$0.91/MMBtuin2014,contributingtoanincreaseincoaluse.Coal
emissionsareprojectedtodeclineby1.9%in2015.
U.S.EconomicAssumptions
RecentEconomicIndicators.Economicgrowthimprovedsubstantiallyinthesecondquarterof
2014.TheU.S.BureauofEconomicAnalysis(BEA)reportedthatsecondquarterrealgross
domesticproduct(GDP)grewatanannualizedrateof4.6%fromthefirstquarterof2014,which
reflectsanupwardrevisionof0.4%fromitspreviousestimate.Recenthousingdatahavebeen
mixed.TheCensusBureaureportedthatnewhomesalesinAugustrose18%overJulylevels,
and33%overlevelsinAugust2013.ExistinghomesalesinAugust,however,fellby1.8%from
JulyaccordingtheNationalAssociationofRealtors.Censusalsoreportedthatnewordersfor
durablegoodsfell18.2%fromJulytoAugust,butrose0.7%excludingtransportation.
EIAusedtheSeptember2014versionoftheIHSmacroeconomicmodelwithEIA'senergyprice
forecastsasmodelinputstodeveloptheeconomicprojectionsintheSTEO.
ProductionandIncome.RealGDPgrowthreaches2.2%in2014andacceleratesto2.9%in
2015,similartotheforecastlastmonth.Exportsareexpectedtopickupinthelatterhalfof
2014relativetoimports,butastrongdollarwillslowthesegainsin2015.Housingstartsmore
thanmakeupforthisin2015.Realdisposableincomegrowsby2.5%in2014,thesameaslast
month,andtotalindustrialproductiongrowsby4.1%in2014,upfrom3.9%forecastlastmonth.
In2015,thesevariablesgrowat2.5%and3.7%,respectively.
Expenditures.Privaterealfixedinvestmentgrowthaverages5.5%and7.4%in2014and2015,
respectively,ledbyindustrialandtransportationequipmentin2014andabroadarrayof
equipmentcategoriesin2015.Realconsumptionexpendituresgrowatthesamerateasreal
GDPin2014at2.2%,butfallbelowtherealGDPgrowthratein2015at2.6%.Durablegoods
expendituresdriveconsumptionspendinginbothyears.Exportgrowthis2.8%and4.9%over
thesametwoyears,whileimportgrowthis3.2%in2014and4.2%in2015.Totalgovernment
expendituresfallby0.4%in2014,butincreaseby0.5%in2015.
U.S.Employment,Housing,andPrices.Projectedgrowthinnonfarmemploymentaverages
1.8%in2014and2015.Thisisaccompaniedbyagraduallydecliningunemploymentratethat
reaches5.7%attheendof2015.Theemploymentgrowthin2015isslowerthanprojectedlast
monthandthedeclinesintheunemploymentratearethesame.Housingstartsgrowan
averageof8.9%and25.4%in2014and2015,respectively.Bothconsumerandproducerprice
indexesincreaseatamoderatepace,andwagescontinuetoshowmodestgains.
ThisreportwaspreparedbytheU.S.EnergyInformationAdministration(EIA),thestatistical
andanalyticalagencywithintheU.S.DepartmentofEnergy.Bylaw,EIA'sdata,analyses,and
forecastsareindependentofapprovalbyanyotherofficeroremployeeoftheUnitedStates
Government.Theviewsinthisreportthereforeshouldnotbeconstruedasrepresenting
thoseoftheU.S.DepartmentofEnergyorotherfederalagencies.
12
U.S. Energy Information Administration

Independent Statistics & Analysis
Short-Term Energy Outlook

Chart Gallery for October 2014
West Texas Intermediate (WTI) Crude Oil Price

dollars per barrel
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Jan 2013
Historical spot price

STEO price forecast
NYMEX futures price
95% NYMEX futures upper confidence interval
95% NYMEX futures lower confidence interval
Jul 2013
Jan 2014
Jul 2014
Jan 2015
Jul 2015
Note: Confidence interval derived from options market information for the 5 trading days ending Oct. 2,
2014. Intervals not calculated for months with sparse trading in near-the-money options contracts.
Source: Short-Term Energy Outlook, October 2014.
U.S. Gasoline and Crude Oil Prices

dollars per gallon
5.00
Price difference
4.50
Retail regular gasoline
4.00
Crude oil
3.50
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
Jan 2010
Jan 2011
Jan 2012
Forecast
Jan 2013
Jan 2014
Jan 2015
Crude oil price is composite refiner acquisition cost. Retail prices include state and federal taxes.
U.S. Diesel Fuel and Crude Oil Prices

dollars per gallon
5.00
Price difference
4.50
Retail diesel fuel
4.00
Crude oil
3.50
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
Jan 2010
Jan 2011
Forecast
Jan 2012
Jan 2013
Jan 2014
Jan 2015
Crude oil price is composite refiner acquisition cost. Retail prices include state and federal taxes.
Henry Hub Natural Gas Price

dollars per million Btu
12
10
8
Historical spot price

STEO forecast price
NYMEX futures price
95% NYMEX futures upper confidence interval
95% NYMEX futures lower confidence interval
6
4
2
0
Jan 2013
Jul 2013
Jan 2014
Jul 2014
Jan 2015
Jul 2015
Note: Confidence interval derived from options market information for the 5 trading days ending Oct. 2,
2014. Intervals not calculated for months with sparse trading in near-the-money options contracts.
U.S. Natural Gas Prices

dollars per thousand cubic feet
20
18
Residential price
Henry Hub spot price
Forecast
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Jan 2010
Jan 2011
Jan 2012
Jan 2013
Jan 2014
Jan 2015
World Liquid Fuels Production and

Consumption Balance
MMbbl/d
million barrels per day (MMbbl/d)

96
Forecast
Implied stock change and balance (right axis)
94
World production (left axis)
92
5
4
World consumption (left axis)
90
88
86
84
82
-1
80
-2
78
2009-Q1
-3
2010-Q1
2011-Q1
2012-Q1
2013-Q1
2014-Q1
2015-Q1
Estimated Historical Unplanned OPEC

Crude Oil Production Outages
million barrels per day
3.0
Iraq
Nigeria
Libya
Iran
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
Jan 2011 Jul 2011 Jan 2012 Jul 2012 Jan 2013 Jul 2013 Jan 2014 Jul 2014
Estimated Historical Unplanned Non-OPEC

Liquid Fuels Production Outages
Indonesia
1.4
Gabon
1.2
United States
Mexico
1.0
Colombia
Argentina
0.8
Australia
0.6
Brazil
Canada
0.4
North Sea
0.2
0.0
Jan 2011
Yemen
China
Jan 2012
Jan 2013
Jan 2014
Syria
Sudan / S. Sudan
World Liquid Fuels Consumption

annual change (MMbbl/d)
94
Change in U.S. consumption (right axis)
92
Change in China consumption (right axis)
90
Change in other consumption (right axis)
88
Total world consumption (left axis)
86
84
82
80
78
-1
-2
76
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
World Liquid Fuels Consumption Growth

1.0
Forecast
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
-0.2
-0.4
2013
OECD*
2014
Non-OECD Asia
2015
Former Soviet Union
Other
* Countries belonging to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
World Crude Oil and Liquid Fuels Production Growth

2.0
Forecast
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
-0.5
-1.0
-1.5
2013
OPEC countries
2014
North America
2015
Russia and Caspian Sea
Latin America
North Sea
Other Non-OPEC
Non-OPEC Crude Oil and Liquid Fuels Production Growth

4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
-0.5
-1.0
United Kingdom
Syria
Mexico
Azerbaijan
Egypt
Norway
Australia
Gabon
Other North Sea
Vietnam
India
Malaysia
Oman
Colombia
Kazakhstan
Brazil
Sudan/S. Sudan
China
Russia
Canada
United States
2015
2014
2013
World Consumption and Non-OPEC Production Growth

dollars per barrel

8
80
World oil consumption growth (left axis)
Forecast
Non-OPEC production growth (left axis)
60
Change in WTI price (right axis)
40
20
-20
-40
-60
-80
-1
2011-Q1
-100
2012-Q1
2013-Q1
2014-Q1
2015-Q1
OPEC surplus crude oil production capacity

6
Forecast
5
4
3
2
1
0
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Note: Shaded area represents 2003-2013 average (2.2 million barrels per day).
OECD Commercial Crude Oil Stocks

days of supply
70
Forecast
65
60
55
50
45
40
Jan 2009
Jan 2010
Jan 2011
Jan 2012
Jan 2013
Jan 2014
Jan 2015
Note: Colored band around crude oil stocks days of supply represents the range between the
minimum and maximum from Jan. 2009 - Dec. 2013.
U.S. Crude Oil and Liquid Fuels Production

15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
-0.2
2012
2013
Crude oil (right axis)
Fuel ethanol (right axis)
Total production (left axis)
2014
2015
Natural gas plant liquids (right axis)
Biodiesel (right axis)
Production forecast (left axis)
U.S. Commercial Crude Oil Stocks

million barrels
425
Forecast
400
375
350
325
300
275
250
Jan 2009
Jan 2010
Jan 2011
Jan 2012
Jan 2013
Jan 2014
Jan 2015
Note: Colored band around storage levels represents the range between the minimum and
maximum from Jan. 2009 - Dec. 2013.
U.S. Liquid Fuels Consumption

20.0
0.75
19.5
0.60
19.0
0.45
18.5
0.30
18.0
0.15
17.5
0.00
17.0
-0.15
-0.30
16.5
2012
2013
Motor gasoline (right axis)
Distillate fuel (right axis)
Total consumption (left axis)
2014
2015
Jet fuel (right axis)
Other fuels (right axis)
Consumption forecast (left axis)
U.S. Gasoline and Distillate Inventories

million barrels
260
Total motor gasoline inventory
240
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
Total distillate fuel inventory
80
60
Jan 2009
Jan 2010
Jan 2011
Jan 2012
Forecast
Jan 2013
Jan 2014
Jan 2015
Note: Colored bands around storage levels represent the range between the minimum and
maximum from Jan. 2009 - Dec. 2013.
U.S. Natural Gas Consumption

billion cubic feet per day (Bcf/d)
annual change (Bcf/d)

8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-1
-2
-3
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
2012
2013
Electric power (right axis)
Industrial (right axis)
2014
2015
Residential and comm. (right axis)
Other (right axis)
U.S. Natural Gas Production and Imports

billion cubic feet per day (Bcf/d)
annual change (Bcf/d)
78
76
74
72
70
68
66
64
62
60
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-1
-2
2012
2013
2014
2015
Federal Gulf of Mexico production (right axis)
U.S. non-Gulf of Mexico production (right axis)
U.S. net imports (right axis)
Total marketed production (left axis)
Marketed production forecast (left axis)
U.S. Working Natural Gas in Storage

billion cubic feet
deviation from average
5,000
Forecast
4,000
120%
100%
3,000
80%
2,000
60%
1,000
40%
20%
0%
-1,000
-2,000
-20%
Deviation from average
-40%
Storage level
-60%
-4,000
Jan 2010
Jan 2011
Jan 2012
Jan 2013
Jan 2014
Jan 2015
Note: Colored band around storage levels represents the range between the minimum
and maximum from Jan. 2009 - Dec. 2013.
-3,000
U.S. Coal Consumption

million short tons (MMst)
annual change (MMst)
180
150
120
90
60
30
0
-30
-60
-90
-120
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
2012
2013
Electric power (right axis)

Coke plants (right axis)
2014
2015
Retail and general industry (right axis)

U.S. Coal Production

million short tons (MMst)
annual change (MMst)
100
120
80
80
60
40
40
20
-40
-80
2012
2013
Western region (right axis)
Interior region (right axis)
Production forecast (left axis)
2014
2015
Appalachian region (right axis)
Total production (left axis)
U.S. Electric Power Coal Stocks

million short tons
250
Forecast
225
200
175
150
125
100
75
50
25
0
Jan 2006
Jan 2008
Jan 2010
Jan 2012
Jan 2014
Note: Colored band around stock levels represents the range between the minimum
and maximum from Jan. 2006 - Dec. 2013.
U.S. Electricity Consumption

million kilowatthours per day (kWh/d)
annual change (million kWh/d)
14,000
200
12,000
150
10,000
100
8,000
50
6,000
4,000
-50
2,000
-100
-150
0
2012
2013
2014
2015
Residential (right axis)
Commercial and transportation (right axis)
Industrial (right axis)
Direct use (right axis)
U.S. Residential Electricity Price

cents per kilowatthour
14
24%
12
20%
10
16%
10.3%
8
6
12%
3.2% 2.6%
8%
5.7%
5.4%
2.4%
2.2%
0.3%
3.0%
1.7%
1.6% 1.4% 2.0%
4%
0%
-4%
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Annual growth (right axis)
Residential electricity price
Price forecast
U.S. Electricity Generation by Fuel, All Sectors

thousand megawatthours per day
14,000
Forecast
12,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
42.3% 37.4% 39.1% 39.8% 38.7%

49.0% 48.5% 48.2% 44.4% 44.8%
24.7% 30.3% 27.4% 26.8% 27.6%

20.1% 21.6% 21.4% 23.3% 23.9%
Coal
Natural gas
Petroleum
Nuclear
Hydropower
Renewables
Other sources
2,000
0
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Note: Labels show percentage share of total generation provided by coal and natural gas.
U.S. Renewable Energy Supply

quadrillion British thermal units (Btu)
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Forecast
Solar
Geothermal
Other biomass
Wind power
Liquid biofuels
Wood biomass
Hydropower
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Note: Hydropower excludes pumped storage generation. Liquid biofuels include ethanol and biodiesel. Other
biomass includes municipal waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, and other non-wood waste.
U.S. Annual Energy Expenditures

share of gross domestic product
Forecast
12%
10%
8%
6%
4%
2%
0%
1988
1991
1994
1997
2000
2003
2006
2009
2012
2015
U.S. Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions

annual growth
15%
12%
9%
6%
3%
0%
-3%
-6%
-9%
-12%
-15%
Forecast
2012
2013
All fossil fuels
2014
Coal
Petroleum
2015
Natural gas
U.S. Total Industrial Production Index

index (2007 = 100)
Forecast
115
110
105
change
60%
Change from prior year (right axis)
50%
Industrial production index (left axis)
40%
100
30%
95
20%
90
10%
85
80
0%
75
-10%
70
Jan 2010
-20%
Jan 2011
Jan 2012
Jan 2013
Jan 2014
Jan 2015
U.S. Disposable Income

billion 2009 dollars, seasonally adjusted
change
12,800
15%
Change from prior year (right axis)
12,400
12%
Real disposable income (left axis)
12,000
9%
11,600
6%
11,200
3%
10,800
0%
10,400
-3%
10,000
Jan 2010
-6%
Jan 2011
Jan 2012
Jan 2013
Jan 2014
Jan 2015
U.S. Summer Cooling Degree Days

population-weighted
450
400
350
300
250
2012
2013
2014
2015
200
150
100
50
0
April
May
June
July
August
September
Note: EIA calculations based on from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration data. Horizontal lines
indicate each month's prior 10-year average (2005-2014). Projections reflect NOAA's 14-16 month outlook.
U.S. Winter Heating Degree Days

population-weighted
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
2011/12
2012/13
2013/14
2014/15
October
November
December
January
February
March
Note: EIA calculations based on National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) data. Horizontal lines
indicate each month's prior 10-year average (Oct 2004 - Mar 2014). Projections reflect NOAA's 14-16 month outlook.
U.S. Census Regions and Divisions
Table WF01. Average Consumer Prices and Expenditures for Heating Fuels During the Winter
U.S. Energy Information Administration | Short-Term Energy Outlook - October 2014
Winter of
07-08
08-09
09-10
10-11
11-12
12-13
Fuel / Region
Natural Gas
Northeast
Consumption (Mcf**)
Price ($/mcf)
Expenditures ($)
Midwest
Consumption (Mcf)
Price ($/mcf)
Expenditures ($)
South
Consumption (Mcf)
Price ($/mcf)
Expenditures ($)
West
Consumption (Mcf)
Price ($/mcf)
Expenditures ($)
U.S. Average
Consumption (Mcf)
Price ($/mcf)
Expenditures ($)
Heating Oil
U.S. Average
Consumption (gallons)
Price ($/gallon)
Expenditures ($)
Electricity
Northeast
Consumption (kWh***)
Price ($/kwh)
Expenditures ($)
Midwest
Consumption (kWh)
Price ($/kwh)
Expenditures ($)
South
Consumption (kWh)
Price ($/kwh)
Expenditures ($)
West
Consumption (kWh)
Price ($/kwh)
Expenditures ($)
U.S. Average
Consumption (kWh)
Price ($/kwh)
Expenditures ($)
13-14
Forecast
14-15
% Change
75.2
15.18
1,141
80.3
15.83
1,272
75.7
13.31
1,007
80.7
12.66
1,022
66.4
12.21
812
76.1
11.77
895
84.0
11.63
978
76.4
12.42
949
-9.1
6.8
-2.9
78.2
11.40
892
80.7
11.47
926
78.6
9.44
742
80.2
9.23
740
65.4
9.07
593
77.6
8.41
652
88.1
8.69
765
76.4
9.22
705
-13.3
6.2
-7.9
44.6
14.18
632
47.3
14.07
665
53.3
11.52
614
49.3
11.02
544
40.9
11.45
468
46.5
10.72
499
52.2
10.80
564
47.3
11.40
539
-9.4
5.6
-4.3
50.4
11.31
570
47.8
10.86
519
49.9
9.91
494
49.4
9.67
478
49.1
9.35
459
48.6
9.11
443
46.4
9.93
461
44.7
10.11
452
-3.7
1.9
-1.8
62.5
12.72
795
64.2
12.87
826
64.4
10.83
698
65.0
10.46
680
55.7
10.28
572
62.5
9.76
610
68.0
9.99
680
61.4
10.57
649
-9.8
5.8
-4.6
537.9
3.33
1,790
576.7
2.65
1,530
544.8
2.85
1,552
580.7
3.38
1,966
471.2
3.73
1,757
545.6
3.87
2,114
607.5
3.88
2,354
549.4
3.63
1,992
-9.6
-6.4
-15.4
6,835
0.145
988
7,063
0.152
1,071
6,847
0.152
1,040
7,076
0.154
1,091
6,436
0.154
993
6,863
0.152
1,046
7,221
0.163
1,178
6,880
0.167
1,149
-4.7
2.4
-2.5
8,631
0.090
774
8,751
0.097
851
8,660
0.099
856
8,733
0.105
914
7,897
0.111
875
8,588
0.111
955
9,169
0.112
1,024
8,517
0.116
991
-7.1
4.1
-3.2
7,778
0.098
765
8,057
0.109
878
8,486
0.103
874
8,224
0.104
856
7,471
0.107
798
7,980
0.107
851
8,391
0.109
913
8,008
0.112
899
-4.6
3.2
-1.5
7,288
0.104
756
7,084
0.107
755
7,239
0.110
800
7,216
0.112
809
7,190
0.115
825
7,155
0.119
852
6,987
0.124
863
6,862
0.125
859
-1.8
1.3
-0.5
7,585
0.104
789
7,725
0.112
866
7,937
0.110
873
7,844
0.113
885
7,253
0.116
843
7,674
0.117
895
7,990
0.120
955
7,621
0.123
938
-4.6
2.9
-1.8
Table WF01. Average Consumer Prices and Expenditures for Heating Fuels During the Winter
Winter of
07-08
08-09
09-10
10-11
11-12
12-13
Fuel / Region
Propane
Northeast
Price* ($/gallon)
Expenditures ($)
Midwest
Price* ($/gallon)
Expenditures ($)
Forecast
14-15
% Change
648.0
2.93
1,897
690.1
2.84
1,961
648.1
2.98
1,933
692.7
3.24
2,241
573.3
3.34
1,916
652.0
3.00
1,959
720.0
3.56
2,563
657.9
3.38
2,224
-8.6
-5.1
-13.2
774.6
2.25
1,744
795.0
2.11
1,678
779.6
1.99
1,548
791.8
2.11
1,674
644.3
2.23
1,437
766.4
1.74
1,333
868.7
2.61
2,267
753.8
1.99
1,500
-13.2
-23.8
-33.8
11,236
5,701
761
2,894
548
11,369
5,466
816
3,012
579
11,575
5,277
840
3,087
608
11,787
5,123
838
3,176
655
1.8
-2.9
-0.3
2.9
7.7
18,019
393
2,037
5,119
631
18,046
360
2,065
5,316
635
18,060
336
2,074
5,519
658
18,137
316
2,030
5,703
705
0.4
-6.0
-2.1
3.3
7.1
13,636
790
2,024
27,283
609
13,702
741
1,990
27,831
611
13,697
697
1,904
28,563
628
13,633
657
1,796
29,457
644
-0.5
-5.7
-5.7
3.1
2.5
15,021
261
885
8,439
736
14,998
246
911
8,650
730
15,100
238
920
8,879
730
15,269
232
889
9,154
743
1.1
-2.5
-3.4
3.1
1.8
57,912
7,145
5,707
43,734
2,524
58,114
6,811
5,782
44,810
2,554
58,432
6,548
5,738
46,048
2,625
58,826
6,328
5,553
47,490
2,748
0.7
-3.3
-3.2
3.1
4.7
4,217
4,484
2,023
3,230
3,225
4,965
5,544
2,432
3,185
3,723
5,595
6,451
2,792
2,992
4,114
5,002
5,440
2,466
2,848
3,633
-10.6
-15.7
-11.7
-4.8
-11.7
Number of households by primary space heating fuel (thousands)

Northeast
Natural gas
10,714 10,889 10,992 11,118
Heating oil
6,520
6,280
6,016
5,858
Propane
704
713
733
744
Electricity
2,550
2,563
2,645
2,776
Wood
414
474
501
512
Midwest
Natural gas
18,366 18,288 18,050 17,977
Heating oil
534
491
451
419
Propane
2,181
2,131
2,098
2,073
Electricity
4,469
4,570
4,715
4,922
Wood
528
584
616
618
South
Natural gas
14,061 13,958 13,731 13,657
Heating oil
1,051
956
906
853
Propane
2,356
2,220
2,165
2,098
Electricity
24,662 25,258 25,791 26,555
Wood
558
593
586
599
West
Natural gas
15,084 15,027 14,939 15,020
Heating oil
316
294
289
279
Propane
942
936
940
914
Electricity
7,651
7,768
7,877
8,126
Wood
679
703
721
725
U.S. Totals
Natural gas
58,226 58,162 57,713 57,771
Heating oil
8,422
8,021
7,662
7,408
Propane
6,184
5,999
5,936
5,829
Electricity
39,332 40,159 41,029 42,380
Wood
2,179
2,353
2,424
2,454
Heating degree days
Northeast
Midwest
South
West
U.S. Average
13-14
4,914
5,603
2,279
3,339
3,729
5,313
5,810
2,493
3,116
3,869
4,933
5,639
2,870
3,285
3,937
5,337
5,773
2,632
3,258
3,939
Note: Winter covers the period October 1 through March 31. Fuel prices are nominal prices. Fuel consumption per household is based only
on households that use that fuel as the primary space-heating fuel. Included in fuel consumption is consumption for water heating,
appliances, and lighting (electricity). Per-household consumption based on an average of EIA 2005 and 2009 Residential Energy
Consumption Surveys corrected for actual and projected heating degree days. Number of households using heating oil includes kerosene.
* Prices exclude taxes
** thousand cubic feet
*** kilowatthour
Table 1. U.S. Energy Markets Summary

2013
1st
2nd
2014
3rd
4th
1st
2nd
2015
3rd
4th
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
2013
Year
2014
2015
Energy Supply
Crude Oil Production (a)
(million barrels per day) .........................
7.10
7.28
7.56
7.81
8.07
8.48
8.61
8.98
9.29
9.49
9.48
9.73
7.44
8.54
9.50
Dry Natural Gas Production

(billion cubic feet per day) .....................
65.46
66.21
66.76
67.64
68.23
69.75
70.31
70.77
71.17
71.10
70.95
71.20
66.53
69.78
71.10
Coal Production
(million short tons) ................................
245
243
257
239
245
246
251
256
255
240
256
251
984
998
1,002
Liquid Fuels
(million barrels per day) .........................
18.64
18.72
19.21
19.26
18.81
18.71
19.09
19.09
18.90
19.00
19.30
19.18
18.96
18.92
19.10
Natural Gas
(billion cubic feet per day) .....................
88.20
59.66
60.76
76.96
94.74
60.45
60.80
74.41
89.81
62.10
63.28
76.01
71.34
72.51
72.74
Coal (b)
(million short tons) ................................
229
216
253
226
249
213
250
229
237
209
252
223
925
941
921
Electricity
(billion kilowatt hours per day) ...............
10.39
10.03
11.55
10.00
10.91
10.03
11.46
9.96
10.75
10.10
11.70
10.07
10.50
10.59
10.65
Renewables (c)
(quadrillion Btu) .....................................
2.11
2.32
2.08
2.11
2.17
2.37
2.13
2.11
2.23
2.44
2.21
2.23
8.62
8.79
9.12
Total Energy Consumption (d)

(quadrillion Btu) .....................................
25.47
22.95
24.17
25.04
26.62
23.03
24.13
24.64
25.98
23.32
24.49
24.87
97.64
98.43
98.67
Crude Oil (e)

(dollars per barrel) .................................
101.14
99.45
105.24
95.97
97.56
100.94
95.82
90.00
91.65
93.67
96.02
93.00
100.46
96.07
93.63
Natural Gas Henry Hub Spot

(dollars per million Btu) ..........................
3.49
4.01
3.55
3.85
5.21
4.61
3.96
4.01
4.00
3.63
3.78
3.96
3.73
4.45
3.84
Coal
(dollars per million Btu) ..........................
2.35
2.37
2.33
2.34
2.33
2.39
2.36
2.35
2.36
2.36
2.35
2.36
2.35
2.36
2.36
Real Gross Domestic Product

(billion chained 2009 dollars - SAAR) .....
Percent change from prior year ..............
15,538
1.7
15,607
1.8
15,780
2.3
15,916
3.1
15,832
1.9
15,994
2.5
16,133
2.2
16,260
2.2
16,371
3.4
16,466
2.9
16,575
2.7
16,683
2.6
15,710
2.2
16,055
2.2
16,524
2.9
GDP Implicit Price Deflator

(Index, 2009=100) .................................
106.2
1.6
106.5
1.5
106.9
1.4
107.3
1.4
107.7
1.4
108.3
1.7
108.5
1.4
109.1
1.6
109.7
1.9
110.1
1.7
110.5
1.9
111.2
1.9
106.7
1.5
108.4
1.5
110.4
1.8
Real Disposable Personal Income

(billion chained 2009 dollars - SAAR) .....
11,539
-0.1
11,647
0.3
11,706
0.9
11,712
-1.9
11,810
2.4
11,932
2.5
11,988
2.4
12,023
2.7
12,126
2.7
12,194
2.2
12,276
2.4
12,362
2.8
11,651
-0.2
11,938
2.5
12,240
2.5
Manufacturing Production Index

(Index, 2007=100) .................................
97.1
3.2
97.5
2.7
97.9
2.7
99.0
3.2
99.4
2.4
101.2
3.8
102.4
4.6
103.6
4.6
104.4
5.1
105.2
4.0
106.0
3.5
106.9
3.2
97.9
2.9
101.6
3.9
105.6
3.9
2,222
36
510
377
76
803
1,660
86
2,454
34
481
392
86
792
1,520
92
2,114
39
478
390
77
843
1,540
94
4,469
1,303
4,541
1,309
4,208
1,365
Energy Consumption
Energy Prices
Macroeconomic
Weather
U.S. Heating Degree-Days ....................
U.S. Cooling Degree-Days ....................
- = no data available
Prices are not adjusted for inflation.
(a) Includes lease condensate.
(b) Total consumption includes Independent Power Producer (IPP) consumption.
(c) Renewable energy includes minor components of non-marketed renewable energy that is neither bought nor sold, either directly or indirectly, as inputs to marketed energy.
EIA does not estimate or project end-use consumption of non-marketed renewable energy.
(d) The conversion from physical units to Btu is calculated using a subset of conversion factors used in the calculations of gross energy consumption in EIAs Monthly Energy Review
Consequently, the historical data may not precisely match those published in the MER or the Annual Energy Review (AER).
(e) Refers to the refiner average acquisition cost (RAC) of crude oil.
Notes: The approximate break between historical and forecast values is shown with historical data printed in bold; estimates and forecasts in italics.
Historical data: Latest data available from Energy Information Administration databases supporting the following reports: Petroleum Supply Monthly , DOE/EIA-0109;
Petroleum Supply Annual , DOE/EIA-0340/2; Weekly Petroleum Status Report , DOE/EIA-0208; Petroleum Marketing Monthly , DOE/EIA-0380; Natural Gas Monthly , DOE/EIA-0130;
Electric Power Monthly , DOE/EIA-0226; Quarterly Coal Report , DOE/EIA-0121; and International Petroleum Monthly , DOE/EIA-0520.
Minor discrepancies with published historical data are due to independent rounding.
Projections: EIA Regional Short-Term Energy Model. Macroeconomic projections are based on Global Insight Model of the U.S. Economy.
Weather projections from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
Table 2. U.S. Energy Prices

1st
2013
2nd
3rd
2014
94.34
112.49
98.71
101.14
94.10
102.58
97.39
99.45
105.84
110.27
103.07
105.24
97.34
109.21
92.95
95.97
98.75
108.17
94.10
97.56
103.35
109.70
98.54
100.94
97.78
101.82
93.13
95.82
289
312
308
290
295
276
288
306
295
259
299
296
272
303
303
298
300
289
316
252
287
244
298
247
294
250
297
249
357
363
403
389
360
367
388
365
357
364
391
366
329
337
387
373
Henry Hub Spot (dollars per thousand cubic feet) ..........

Henry Hub Spot (dollars per Million Btu) .........................
End-Use Prices (dollars per thousand cubic feet)
3.59
3.49
4.13
4.01
3.66
3.55
Industrial Sector ............................................................

Commercial Sector .......................................................
Residential Sector .........................................................
Electricity
Power Generation Fuel Costs (dollars per million Btu)
4.57
7.83
9.24
4.98
8.59
11.88
Coal ...............................................................................
Natural Gas ..................................................................
Residual Fuel Oil (c) ......................................................
Distillate Fuel Oil ...........................................................
End-Use Prices (cents per kilowatthour)
2.35
4.35
19.37
23.44
Industrial Sector ............................................................

Commercial Sector .......................................................
Residential Sector .........................................................
6.55
9.96
11.56
4th
1st
2013
Year
2014
2015
94.00
101.33
90.50
93.00
97.91
108.64
98.12
100.46
97.72
104.42
93.42
96.07
94.58
101.67
91.14
93.63
277
292
276
256
289
282
281
303
297
275
292
284
269
290
282
290
231
288
238
285
233
298
248
288
242
287
233
327
335
374
368
352
359
383
365
347
355
380
354
326
334
380
363
351
358
392
378
345
353
385
379
338
346
380
365
4.13
4.01
4.12
4.00
3.74
3.63
3.89
3.78
4.07
3.96
3.84
3.73
4.58
4.45
3.95
3.84
5.07
9.85
17.00
5.08
9.02
11.06
5.28
9.02
10.01
4.57
9.02
12.55
4.73
9.52
16.51
5.09
8.98
10.99
4.66
8.12
10.31
5.49
9.03
11.09
4.94
9.07
11.13
2.39
4.93
21.16
22.74
2.36
4.59
19.44
21.57
2.35
4.89
18.20
21.68
2.36
4.87
17.65
22.56
2.36
4.29
17.92
22.47
2.35
4.44
17.90
22.27
2.36
4.85
17.84
22.83
2.35
4.32
19.33
23.08
2.36
5.24
19.76
22.71
2.36
4.59
17.83
22.54
6.94
10.63
12.73
7.41
11.07
12.99
6.84
10.47
12.32
6.77
10.56
12.29
6.99
10.89
12.92
7.48
11.30
13.10
6.87
10.67
12.43
6.82
10.29
12.12
7.06
10.70
12.48
7.04
10.87
12.69
2nd
2015
3rd
4th
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
91.00
98.00
87.50
90.00
92.67
100.67
89.14
91.65
94.67
102.33
91.17
93.67
97.00
102.33
93.52
96.02
276
286
274
254
278
273
261
287
286
283
293
281
295
244
286
244
274
231
285
229
340
348
396
397
368
375
394
382
350
358
384
365
323
331
368
355
3.97
3.85
5.36
5.21
4.75
4.61
4.08
3.96
4.41
8.95
16.13
4.69
7.98
9.93
6.16
8.66
9.81
5.60
9.59
13.17
2.37
4.56
19.83
22.62
2.33
4.06
18.76
23.23
2.34
4.41
19.47
22.97
2.33
6.82
19.95
23.39
6.79
10.33
12.31
7.24
10.68
12.54
6.67
10.14
12.01
7.02
10.57
11.90
Crude Oil (dollars per barrel)

West Texas Intermediate Spot Average ...........................
Brent Spot Average ..........................................................
Imported Average .............................................................
Refiner Average Acquisition Cost ....................................
Liquid Fuels (cents per gallon)
Refiner Prices for Resale
Gasoline ........................................................................
Diesel Fuel ....................................................................
Heating Oil ....................................................................
Refiner Prices to End Users
Jet Fuel .........................................................................
No. 6 Residual Fuel Oil (a) ............................................
Retail Prices Including Taxes
Gasoline Regular Grade (b) ..........................................
Gasoline All Grades (b) .................................................
On-highway Diesel Fuel ................................................
Heating Oil ....................................................................
Natural Gas
(a) Average for all sulfur contents.
(b) Average self-service cash price.
(c) Includes fuel oils No. 4, No. 5, No. 6, and topped crude.
Prices exclude taxes unless otherwise noted.
Historical data: Latest data available from Energy Information Administration databases supporting the following reports: Petroleum Marketing Monthly , DOE/EIA-0380;
Weekly Petroleum Status Report , DOE/EIA-0208; Natural Gas Monthly , DOE/EIA-0130; Electric Power Monthly , DOE/EIA-0226; and Monthly Energy Review , DOE/EIA-0035.
WTI and Brent crude oils, and Henry Hub natural gas spot prices from Reuter's News Service (http://www.reuters.com).
Projections: EIA Regional Short-Term Energy Model.
Table 3a. International Petroleum and Other Liquids Production, Consumption, and Inventories
2013
2014
2015
Year
2014
2015
23.69
12.34
4.10
2.90
2.85
1.50
66.46
36.03
29.92
6.11
13.55
4.46
12.42
90.15
25.43
13.82
4.38
2.86
2.83
1.55
66.32
35.78
29.68
6.10
13.63
4.48
12.43
91.76
26.46
15.05
4.47
2.78
2.62
1.54
66.20
35.51
29.24
6.27
13.65
4.55
12.49
92.67
57.76
54.12
55.98
57.15
46.02
19.30
0.36
2.39
13.63
4.00
6.33
47.41
4.76
0.74
11.49
11.42
18.99
93.43
46.45
19.18
0.36
2.37
13.59
4.39
6.57
46.83
4.75
0.74
11.44
11.72
18.18
93.29
46.04
18.96
0.32
2.39
13.62
4.53
6.21
44.41
4.64
0.71
10.61
11.17
17.29
90.45
45.84
18.92
0.34
2.36
13.49
4.41
6.31
45.63
4.71
0.72
10.98
11.42
17.80
91.47
46.01
19.10
0.36
2.34
13.47
4.27
6.46
46.70
4.65
0.73
11.35
11.66
18.31
92.71
-0.33
0.00
0.00
-0.33
-0.17
0.10
0.18
0.11
0.47
-0.08
-0.13
0.27
0.13
0.13
0.04
0.30
-0.06
-0.12
-0.11
-0.29
-0.03
0.02
0.04
0.04
1,130
2,653
1,145
2,659
1,102
2,623
1,065
2,551
1,093
2,622
1,102
2,623
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
Supply (million barrels per day) (a)

OECD .................................................
U.S. (50 States) ...............................
Canada ............................................
Mexico .............................................
North Sea (b) ...................................
Other OECD ....................................
Non-OECD .........................................
OPEC ..............................................
Crude Oil Portion ..........................
Other Liquids ................................
Eurasia ............................................
China ...............................................
Other Non-OECD ............................
Total World Supply .............................
23.08
11.67
4.12
2.93
2.90
1.47
65.90
35.97
29.85
6.12
13.52
4.45
11.96
88.98
23.25
12.10
3.86
2.89
2.88
1.52
66.86
36.47
30.38
6.09
13.45
4.49
12.45
90.12
23.89
12.63
4.11
2.88
2.73
1.54
66.79
36.21
30.12
6.09
13.50
4.37
12.71
90.68
24.52
12.96
4.31
2.90
2.87
1.48
66.27
35.46
29.34
6.12
13.73
4.52
12.56
90.79
24.94
13.06
4.37
2.91
3.06
1.53
66.01
35.93
29.79
6.14
13.64
4.46
11.98
90.94
25.35
13.79
4.32
2.89
2.82
1.54
66.21
35.61
29.51
6.11
13.57
4.49
12.54
91.56
25.60
14.05
4.36
2.86
2.75
1.58
66.67
35.91
29.90
6.01
13.63
4.46
12.67
92.27
25.83
14.35
4.46
2.78
2.70
1.54
66.40
35.66
29.52
6.14
13.69
4.50
12.55
92.24
26.17
14.65
4.45
2.82
2.71
1.53
65.54
35.32
29.12
6.20
13.66
4.52
12.05
91.71
26.26
15.02
4.30
2.80
2.61
1.53
66.33
35.52
29.29
6.23
13.63
4.55
12.62
92.58
26.44
15.13
4.45
2.77
2.53
1.56
66.88
35.95
29.63
6.32
13.67
4.56
12.70
93.32
26.98
15.38
4.69
2.74
2.63
1.54
66.05
35.26
28.91
6.35
13.65
4.56
12.57
93.02
Non-OPEC Supply ..............................
53.01
53.64
54.47
55.33
55.01
55.94
56.36
56.57
56.40
57.06
57.38
Consumption (million barrels per day) (c)

OECD .................................................
45.79
U.S. (50 States) ...............................
18.64
U.S. Territories ................................
0.32
Canada ............................................
2.38
Europe .............................................
13.18
Japan ...............................................
5.05
Other OECD ....................................
6.22
Non-OECD .........................................
43.52
Eurasia ............................................
4.56
Europe .............................................
0.70
China ...............................................
10.50
Other Asia ........................................
11.14
Other Non-OECD ............................
16.63
Total World Consumption ...................
89.31
45.55
18.72
0.32
2.40
13.80
4.08
6.23
44.45
4.49
0.71
10.56
11.36
17.33
90.00
46.30
19.21
0.32
2.38
13.96
4.28
6.14
44.87
4.76
0.73
10.51
10.94
17.93
91.17
46.49
19.26
0.32
2.40
13.52
4.72
6.26
44.80
4.74
0.72
10.87
11.23
17.24
91.29
45.72
18.81
0.34
2.41
12.99
5.02
6.15
44.54
4.63
0.71
10.58
11.39
17.24
90.25
44.97
18.71
0.34
2.31
13.47
3.93
6.21
45.88
4.56
0.71
11.16
11.62
17.83
90.86
46.03
19.09
0.34
2.37
13.76
4.15
6.32
46.32
4.83
0.73
11.11
11.18
18.46
92.35
46.61
19.09
0.34
2.35
13.73
4.54
6.56
45.77
4.81
0.73
11.07
11.48
17.68
92.38
46.36
18.90
0.36
2.34
13.46
4.72
6.57
45.47
4.57
0.71
10.94
11.64
17.61
91.83
45.19
19.00
0.36
2.28
13.19
3.97
6.39
47.07
4.50
0.72
11.54
11.87
18.44
92.25
Inventory Net Withdrawals (million barrels per day)

U.S. (50 States) ..................................
0.16
-0.28
Other OECD .......................................
-0.23
0.34
Other Stock Draws and Balance ........
0.40
-0.18
Total Stock Draw .............................
0.33
-0.12
-0.16
-0.27
0.91
0.49
0.78
0.67
-0.95
0.50
0.09
-0.26
-0.52
-0.69
-0.67
-0.18
0.15
-0.70
-0.12
0.07
0.13
0.08
0.45
-0.11
-0.19
0.14
-0.07
0.07
0.11
0.11
End-of-period Inventories (million barrels)

U.S. Commercial Inventory ................
1,097
OECD Commercial Inventory .............
2,651
1,137
2,685
1,065
2,551
1,057
2,567
1,123
2,649
1,134
2,653
1,093
2,622
1,099
2,623
1,123
2,646
2013
OECD = Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Slovakia, Slovenia, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
OPEC = Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries: Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Venezuela.
(a) Supply includes production of crude oil (including lease condensates), natural gas plant liquids, biofuels, other liquids, and refinery processing gains.
(b) Includes offshore supply from Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, Norway, and the United Kingdom.
(c) Consumption of petroleum by the OECD countries is synonymous with "petroleum product supplied," defined in the glossary of the EIAPetroleum Supply Monthly, DOE/EIA-0109.
Consumption of petroleum by the non-OECD countries is "apparent consumption," which includes internal consumption, refinery fuel and loss, and bunkering.
Historical data: Latest data available from Energy Information Administration international energy statistics.
Table 3b. Non-OPEC Petroleum and Other Liquids Supply (million barrels per day)
2013
2014
2015
Year
2014
2015
19.35
21.06
22.30
4.10
4.38
4.47
2.74
2.90
2.86
2.78
15.13
15.38
12.34
13.82
15.05
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
North America .....................................................
18.72
18.86
19.62
20.17
20.35
20.99
21.27
21.60
21.92
22.11
22.35
22.81
Canada ..................................................................
4.12
3.86
4.11
4.31
4.37
4.32
4.36
4.46
4.45
4.30
4.45
4.69
Mexico ...................................................................
2.93
2.89
2.88
2.90
2.91
2.89
2.86
2.78
2.82
2.80
2.77
United States .........................................................
11.67
12.10
12.63
12.96
13.06
13.79
14.05
14.35
14.65
15.02
2013
Central and South America ...............................
4.42
4.94
5.25
5.03
4.55
5.13
5.21
5.06
4.58
5.17
5.25
5.10
4.91
4.99
5.02
Argentina ...............................................................
0.69
0.70
0.72
0.72
0.70
0.69
0.73
0.73
0.71
0.70
0.74
0.74
0.71
0.71
0.72
Brazil .....................................................................
2.21
2.74
3.01
2.81
2.34
2.97
2.96
2.83
2.36
2.99
2.98
2.85
2.69
2.78
2.80
Colombia ...............................................................
1.03
1.02
1.04
1.03
1.02
0.99
1.04
1.03
1.02
0.99
1.03
1.02
1.03
1.02
1.01
Other Central and S. America ................................
0.49
0.48
0.48
0.47
0.49
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.49
0.49
0.48
0.49
0.48
0.48
0.49
Europe .................................................................
3.84
3.83
3.70
3.83
4.03
3.79
3.73
3.66
3.66
3.55
3.48
3.57
3.80
3.80
3.56
Norway ..................................................................
1.82
1.82
1.80
1.82
1.94
1.78
1.86
1.77
1.82
1.79
1.77
1.85
1.81
1.84
1.81
United Kingdom (offshore) .....................................
0.85
0.86
0.74
0.86
0.93
0.85
0.69
0.70
0.67
0.62
0.57
0.58
0.83
0.79
0.61
Other North Sea ....................................................
0.22
0.20
0.19
0.20
0.20
0.18
0.20
0.23
0.22
0.20
0.19
0.19
0.20
0.20
0.20
Eurasia .................................................................
13.54
13.47
13.51
13.74
13.65
13.59
13.65
13.71
13.67
13.65
13.68
13.66
13.56
13.65
13.67
Azerbaijan ..............................................................
0.90
0.89
0.86
0.87
0.85
0.86
0.85
0.84
0.83
0.82
0.80
0.78
0.88
0.85
0.81
Kazakhstan ............................................................
1.67
1.61
1.61
1.74
1.73
1.66
1.73
1.73
1.73
1.73
1.72
1.72
1.66
1.72
1.73
Russia ...................................................................
10.47
10.47
10.55
10.64
10.60
10.57
10.52
10.61
10.59
10.58
10.64
10.64
10.53
10.58
10.61
Turkmenistan .........................................................
0.26
0.26
0.26
0.26
0.27
0.28
0.29
0.29
0.29
0.29
0.29
0.29
0.26
0.28
0.29
Other Eurasia ........................................................
0.23
0.23
0.23
0.23
0.20
0.21
0.25
0.24
0.23
0.23
0.23
0.23
0.23
0.22
0.23
1.27
Middle East .........................................................
1.27
1.19
1.21
1.19
1.19
1.22
1.25
1.26
1.27
1.26
1.27
1.26
1.21
1.23
Oman ....................................................................
0.94
0.94
0.95
0.95
0.96
0.99
1.02
1.03
1.03
1.03
1.04
1.04
0.94
1.00
1.03
Syria ......................................................................
0.10
0.08
0.07
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.07
0.03
0.03
Yemen ...................................................................
0.17
0.11
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
Asia and Oceania ...............................................
9.02
9.04
8.79
8.93
8.93
8.93
8.97
9.01
9.09
9.13
9.16
9.14
8.94
8.96
9.13
Australia ................................................................
0.41
0.46
0.48
0.43
0.45
0.46
0.49
0.46
0.47
0.48
0.50
0.47
0.45
0.47
0.48
China .....................................................................
4.45
4.49
4.37
4.52
4.46
4.49
4.46
4.50
4.52
4.55
4.56
4.56
4.46
4.48
4.55
India ......................................................................
0.98
0.98
0.97
0.98
0.98
0.97
0.98
0.99
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.01
0.98
0.98
1.00
Indonesia ...............................................................
0.97
0.97
0.92
0.91
0.92
0.91
0.92
0.92
0.94
0.94
0.94
0.94
0.94
0.92
0.94
Malaysia ................................................................
0.71
0.66
0.65
0.66
0.69
0.68
0.69
0.70
0.71
0.70
0.70
0.70
0.67
0.69
0.70
Vietnam .................................................................
0.36
0.36
0.34
0.35
0.33
0.32
0.32
0.33
0.34
0.34
0.34
0.34
0.35
0.33
0.34
Africa ...................................................................
2.21
2.32
2.39
2.45
2.31
2.30
2.29
2.28
2.21
2.20
2.19
2.21
2.34
2.29
2.20
Egypt .....................................................................
0.71
0.70
0.69
0.68
0.67
0.67
0.66
0.65
0.64
0.63
0.62
0.61
0.69
0.66
0.63
Equatorial Guinea ..................................................
0.28
0.28
0.30
0.31
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.29
0.27
0.24
Gabon ...................................................................
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.23
0.23
0.24
0.24
0.24
Sudan ....................................................................
0.11
0.24
0.30
0.35
0.26
0.26
0.26
0.26
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.26
0.25
Total non-OPEC liquids .......................................
53.01
53.64
54.47
55.33
55.01
55.94
56.36
56.57
56.40
57.06
57.38
57.76
54.12
55.98
57.15
OPEC non-crude liquids ....................................
6.12
6.09
6.09
6.12
6.14
6.11
6.01
6.14
6.20
6.23
6.32
6.35
6.11
6.10
6.27
Non-OPEC + OPEC non-crude ..........................
59.13
59.73
60.56
61.45
61.15
62.05
62.38
62.71
62.60
63.30
63.69
64.11
60.23
62.08
63.43
Unplanned non-OPEC Production Outages .......
0.91
0.90
0.88
0.64
0.66
0.67
0.60
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
0.83
n/a
n/a
Sudan production represents total production from both north and south.
OPEC = Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries: Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Venezuela.
Supply includes production of crude oil (including lease condensates), natural gas plant liquids, biofuels, other liquids, and refinery processing gains.
Not all countries are shown in each region and sum of reported country volumes may not equal regional volumes.
Table 3c. OPEC Crude Oil (excluding condensates) Supply (million barrels per day)
2013
2014
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
1st
2nd
Crude Oil
Algeria ...........................................................
Angola ...........................................................
Ecudaor .........................................................
Iran ................................................................
Iraq ................................................................
Kuwait ...........................................................
Libya ..............................................................
Nigeria ...........................................................
Qatar .............................................................
Saudi Arabia ..................................................
United Arab Emirates ....................................
Venezuela .....................................................
OPEC Total ................................................
1.20
1.75
0.51
2.68
3.05
2.60
1.37
1.97
0.73
9.10
2.70
2.20
29.85
1.20
1.78
0.52
2.68
3.09
2.60
1.33
1.94
0.73
9.60
2.70
2.20
30.38
1.20
1.70
0.53
2.68
3.04
2.60
0.65
1.98
0.73
10.10
2.70
2.20
30.12
1.17
1.73
0.54
2.69
2.93
2.60
0.33
1.91
0.73
9.80
2.70
2.20
29.34
1.15
1.63
0.55
2.80
3.26
2.60
0.38
1.98
0.74
9.80
2.70
2.20
29.79
1.15
1.63
0.56
2.80
3.26
2.60
0.23
1.98
0.75
9.65
2.70
2.20
29.51
Other Liquids ..................................................
6.12
6.09
6.09
6.12
6.14
Total OPEC Supply ........................................
35.97
36.47
36.21
35.46
Crude Oil Production Capacity

Africa .............................................................
South America ...............................................
Middle East ...................................................
OPEC Total ................................................
6.28
2.71
23.56
32.55
6.26
2.72
23.62
32.60
5.52
2.73
23.53
31.78
Surplus Crude Oil Production Capacity

Africa .............................................................
South America ...............................................
Middle East ...................................................
OPEC Total ................................................
0.00
0.00
2.69
2.69
0.00
0.00
2.21
2.21
Unplanned OPEC Production Outages ........
1.34
1.43
2015
3rd
Year
2014
2015
1.19
1.74
0.53
2.68
3.03
2.60
0.92
1.95
0.73
9.65
2.70
2.20
29.92
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
29.68
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
29.24
6.35
6.11
6.10
6.27
35.95
35.26
36.03
35.78
35.51
5.64
2.76
23.85
32.26
5.69
2.76
23.85
32.30
5.73
2.76
23.65
32.14
5.80
2.72
23.53
32.05
5.30
2.75
23.83
31.87
5.67
2.76
23.80
32.23
0.00
0.00
3.10
3.10
0.00
0.00
2.97
2.97
0.00
0.00
2.67
2.67
0.00
0.00
3.23
3.23
0.00
0.00
2.13
2.13
0.00
0.00
2.19
2.19
0.00
0.00
2.99
2.99
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1.87
n/a
n/a
4th
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
29.90
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
29.52
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
29.12
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
29.29
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
29.63
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
28.91
6.11
6.01
6.14
6.20
6.23
6.32
35.93
35.61
35.91
35.66
35.32
35.52
5.14
2.74
23.42
31.29
5.13
2.75
23.86
31.74
4.98
2.75
23.87
31.60
5.43
2.75
23.76
31.94
5.63
2.75
23.81
32.20
5.61
2.76
23.85
32.22
0.00
0.00
1.67
1.67
0.00
0.00
1.96
1.96
0.00
0.00
1.95
1.95
0.00
0.00
2.09
2.09
0.00
0.00
2.05
2.05
0.00
0.00
2.68
2.68
2.16
2.52
2.34
2.66
2.38
n/a
2013
OPEC = Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries: Algeria, Angola, Libya, and Nigeria (Africa); Ecuador and Venezuela (South America); Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirate
(Middle East).
Table 3d. World Petrioleum and Other Liquids Consumption (million barrels per day)
2013
2014
2015
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
2013
2014
2015
North America .............................................................

Canada ..........................................................................
Mexico ...........................................................................
United States .................................................................
23.07
2.38
2.05
18.64
23.21
2.40
2.08
18.72
23.63
2.38
2.03
19.21
23.69
2.40
2.02
19.26
23.18
2.41
1.95
18.81
23.06
2.31
2.04
18.71
23.59
2.37
2.12
19.09
23.58
2.35
2.13
19.09
23.36
2.34
2.10
18.90
23.41
2.28
2.12
19.00
23.79
2.39
2.09
19.30
23.66
2.37
2.10
19.18
23.40
2.39
2.04
18.96
23.36
2.36
2.06
18.92
23.56
2.34
2.10
19.10
Central and South America .....................................

Brazil ..............................................................................
6.71
2.83
6.97
2.94
6.99
3.00
6.97
2.99
6.89
2.97
7.14
3.08
7.21
3.15
7.18
3.14
7.03
3.04
7.29
3.16
7.33
3.23
7.31
3.21
6.91
2.94
7.11
3.09
7.24
3.16
Europe .........................................................................
13.88
14.51
14.69
14.25
13.70
14.19
14.50
14.46
14.18
13.91
14.37
14.33
14.33
14.21
14.20
Eurasia .........................................................................
Russia ...........................................................................
4.58
3.24
4.52
3.19
4.79
3.38
4.77
3.37
4.66
3.30
4.59
3.25
4.86
3.44
4.84
3.43
4.60
3.24
4.53
3.20
4.80
3.39
4.78
3.37
4.67
3.30
4.74
3.36
4.68
3.30
Middle East .................................................................
7.38
7.83
8.44
7.73
7.70
8.06
8.75
7.95
7.92
8.50
9.07
8.23
7.85
8.12
8.43
Asia and Oceania ...................................................... 30.24

China ............................................................................. 10.50
Japan .............................................................................
5.05
India ...............................................................................
3.78
29.52
10.56
4.08
3.77
29.24
10.51
4.28
3.45
30.47
10.87
4.72
3.73
30.58
10.58
5.02
3.89
30.26
11.16
3.93
3.87
29.94
11.11
4.15
3.55
30.84
11.07
4.54
3.84
31.07
10.94
4.72
3.99
30.95
11.54
3.97
3.97
30.45
11.49
4.00
3.64
31.34
11.44
4.39
3.94
29.87
10.61
4.53
3.68
30.40
10.98
4.41
3.78
30.95
11.35
4.27
3.88
Africa ...........................................................................
3.44
3.44
3.39
3.41
3.55
3.55
3.50
3.52
3.67
3.67
3.62
3.64
3.42
3.53
3.65
Total OECD Liquid Fuels Consumption ..................

Total non-OECD Liquid Fuels Consumption ..........
45.79
43.52
45.55
44.45
46.30
44.87
46.49
44.80
45.72
44.54
44.97
45.88
46.03
46.32
46.61
45.77
46.36
45.47
45.19
47.07
46.02
47.41
46.45
46.83
46.04
44.41
45.84
45.63
46.01
46.70
Total World Liquid Fuels Consumption ..................
89.31
90.00
91.17
91.29
90.25
90.86
92.35
92.38
91.83
92.25
93.43
93.29
90.45
91.47
92.71
Oil-weighted Real Gross Domestic Product (a)

World Index, 2010 Q1 = 100 ........................................
Percent change from prior year .................................
OECD Index, 2010 Q1 = 100 .......................................
Non-OECD Index, 2010 Q1 = 100 ...............................
109.9
2.2
105.2
0.9
115.8
3.9
110.8
2.5
105.7
1.2
117.2
4.2
111.8
2.8
106.5
1.7
118.5
4.3
112.7
3.2
107.1
2.3
119.9
4.4
113.0
2.9
107.3
1.9
120.5
4.0
113.7
2.7
107.7
1.9
121.6
3.7
114.7
2.7
108.4
1.8
122.9
3.7
115.7
2.7
109.1
1.9
124.2
3.6
116.5
3.1
109.8
2.3
125.4
4.1
117.5
3.3
110.4
2.5
126.8
4.3
118.6
3.3
111.2
2.5
128.3
4.4
119.5
3.3
111.7
2.4
129.6
4.3
111.3
2.7
106.1
1.5
117.9
4.2
114.3
2.7
108.1
1.9
122.3
3.7
118.0
3.3
110.8
2.4
127.5
4.3
Real U.S. Dollar Exchange Rate (a)

Index, January 2010 = 100 ........................................... 104.08
Percent change from prior year ....................................
3.8
105.59
3.6
106.88
4.1
106.37
3.0
107.93
3.7
107.71
2.0
108.52
1.5
109.88
3.3
110.41
2.3
110.88
2.9
111.28
2.5
111.44
1.4
105.73
3.6
108.51
2.6
111.01
2.3
OECD = Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Slovakia, Slovenia, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
(a) Weighted geometric mean of real indices for various countries with weights equal to each country's share of world oil consumption in the base period. Exchange rate is measured in foreign currency per U.S.
dollar.
Table 4a. U.S. Petroleum and Other Liquids Supply, Consumption, and Inventories
2013
1st
Supply (million barrels per day)
Crude Oil Supply
Domestic Production (a) .........................................
Alaska ..................................................................
Federal Gulf of Mexico (b) ...................................
Lower 48 States (excl GOM) ................................
Crude Oil Net Imports (c) ........................................
SPR Net Withdrawals .............................................
Commercial Inventory Net Withdrawals .................
Crude Oil Adjustment (d) ........................................
Total Crude Oil Input to Refineries .............................
Other Supply
Refinery Processing Gain .......................................
Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production ....................
Renewables and Oxygenate Production (e) ...........
Fuel Ethanol Production ......................................
Petroleum Products Adjustment (f) ........................
Product Net Imports (c) ...........................................
Pentanes Plus .....................................................
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (g) ................................
Unfinished Oils ....................................................
Other HC/Oxygenates ..........................................
Motor Gasoline Blend Comp. ..............................
Finished Motor Gasoline ......................................
Jet Fuel ................................................................
Distillate Fuel Oil .................................................
Residual Fuel Oil .................................................
Other Oils (h) .......................................................
Product Inventory Net Withdrawals ........................
Total Supply ...............................................................
2nd
2014
3rd
4th
1st
2nd
2015
3rd
4th
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
2013
Year
2014
2015
7.10
0.54
1.30
5.26
7.48
-0.01
-0.31
0.24
14.51
7.28
0.51
1.22
5.55
7.61
0.00
0.17
0.27
15.33
7.56
0.48
1.25
5.83
7.93
0.00
0.05
0.28
15.83
7.81
0.53
1.26
6.02
7.36
0.00
0.17
0.22
15.56
8.07
0.53
1.32
6.22
7.11
0.00
-0.30
0.30
15.18
8.48
0.52
1.42
6.55
6.94
0.05
0.00
0.40
15.88
8.61
0.43
1.39
6.79
7.20
0.00
0.29
0.23
16.32
8.98
0.49
1.49
7.00
6.39
0.00
0.06
0.12
15.56
9.29
0.48
1.62
7.18
5.97
0.00
-0.35
0.18
15.09
9.49
0.45
1.68
7.37
6.03
0.00
0.03
0.20
15.75
9.48
0.40
1.58
7.51
6.31
0.00
0.10
0.23
16.12
9.73
0.47
1.63
7.63
5.56
0.00
0.12
0.10
15.51
7.44
0.51
1.26
5.67
7.60
0.00
0.02
0.25
15.31
8.54
0.49
1.40
6.64
6.91
0.01
0.02
0.26
15.74
9.50
0.45
1.63
7.42
5.97
0.00
-0.02
0.18
15.62
1.01
2.45
0.92
0.81
0.19
-0.91
-0.09
-0.05
0.52
-0.06
0.41
-0.37
-0.07
-0.63
-0.09
-0.47
0.48
18.64
1.07
2.54
1.00
0.87
0.20
-0.97
-0.05
-0.20
0.60
-0.06
0.63
-0.22
-0.04
-0.91
-0.22
-0.51
-0.46
18.72
1.13
2.71
1.01
0.86
0.22
-1.47
-0.13
-0.23
0.64
-0.04
0.46
-0.29
-0.07
-1.22
-0.08
-0.53
-0.21
19.21
1.13
2.72
1.08
0.93
0.22
-2.06
-0.15
-0.25
0.42
-0.05
0.36
-0.43
-0.11
-1.16
-0.15
-0.55
0.61
19.26
1.07
2.71
1.01
0.91
0.20
-1.73
-0.15
-0.21
0.46
-0.09
0.29
-0.41
-0.07
-0.67
-0.24
-0.64
0.39
18.84
1.08
2.95
1.06
0.94
0.22
-1.76
-0.16
-0.42
0.49
-0.09
0.58
-0.36
-0.02
-1.01
-0.18
-0.58
-0.72
18.71
1.11
3.05
1.08
0.93
0.20
-2.25
-0.17
-0.48
0.47
-0.10
0.44
-0.39
-0.09
-1.13
-0.19
-0.61
-0.41
19.12
1.10
3.04
1.05
0.93
0.19
-2.23
-0.16
-0.57
0.55
-0.09
0.54
-0.55
-0.07
-1.12
-0.19
-0.58
0.38
19.09
1.07
3.05
1.05
0.94
0.20
-1.83
-0.17
-0.52
0.46
-0.09
0.51
-0.44
-0.07
-0.75
-0.24
-0.52
0.27
18.90
1.08
3.19
1.04
0.93
0.20
-1.91
-0.16
-0.66
0.60
-0.09
0.55
-0.33
-0.05
-0.96
-0.25
-0.57
-0.36
19.00
1.11
3.28
1.05
0.93
0.20
-2.20
-0.18
-0.68
0.62
-0.10
0.57
-0.45
-0.07
-1.12
-0.23
-0.56
-0.27
19.30
1.09
3.30
1.05
0.93
0.20
-2.34
-0.17
-0.61
0.53
-0.09
0.51
-0.56
-0.06
-1.10
-0.22
-0.56
0.36
19.18
1.09
2.61
1.00
0.87
0.21
-1.36
-0.10
-0.18
0.55
-0.05
0.46
-0.33
-0.07
-0.98
-0.14
-0.51
0.11
18.96
1.09
2.94
1.05
0.93
0.21
-1.99
-0.16
-0.42
0.49
-0.09
0.46
-0.43
-0.06
-0.98
-0.20
-0.60
-0.09
18.94
1.09
3.21
1.05
0.93
0.20
-2.07
-0.17
-0.62
0.56
-0.09
0.53
-0.44
-0.06
-0.98
-0.24
-0.55
0.00
19.10
2.70
-0.03
2.22
-0.03
2.30
0.03
2.77
0.06
2.66
0.08
2.06
0.02
2.23
0.02
2.67
0.06
2.73
0.00
2.29
0.03
2.39
0.03
2.74
0.04
2.50
0.01
2.41
0.04
2.54
0.03
8.46
0.81
1.35
3.94
0.36
1.87
18.64
8.99
0.89
1.45
3.76
0.27
2.07
18.72
9.07
0.87
1.50
3.68
0.38
2.25
19.21
8.84
0.88
1.44
3.94
0.27
1.94
19.26
8.52
0.84
1.40
4.17
0.23
1.75
18.81
9.01
0.89
1.47
3.93
0.26
1.96
18.71
8.99
0.87
1.52
3.86
0.24
2.23
19.09
8.76
0.86
1.42
3.95
0.27
1.95
19.09
8.54
0.85
1.39
4.16
0.22
1.87
18.90
8.98
0.88
1.47
3.98
0.20
2.05
19.00
8.97
0.87
1.51
3.96
0.22
2.22
19.30
8.70
0.86
1.43
4.11
0.21
1.95
19.18
8.84
0.86
1.43
3.83
0.32
2.03
18.96
8.82
0.86
1.45
3.98
0.25
1.98
18.92
8.80
0.87
1.45
4.05
0.21
2.02
19.10
................................
6.56
6.64
6.46
5.30
5.38
5.18
4.95
4.17
4.14
4.12
4.11
3.22
6.24
4.92
3.90

Commercial Inventory
Crude Oil (excluding SPR) ......................................
Pentanes Plus ........................................................
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (g) ...................................
Unfinished Oils .......................................................
Other HC/Oxygenates .............................................
Total Motor Gasoline ..............................................
Motor Gasoline Blend Comp. ..............................
Jet Fuel ...................................................................
Distillate Fuel Oil ....................................................
Residual Fuel Oil ....................................................
Other Oils (h) ..........................................................
Total Commercial Inventory .......................................
Crude Oil in SPR .......................................................
393.1
13.0
103.3
89.9
21.6
224.7
47.3
177.3
39.9
118.7
37.0
55.8
1,097
696
377.4
17.2
143.2
86.8
19.9
224.4
48.6
175.7
40.4
122.5
37.6
53.6
1,123
696
373.0
18.4
172.5
81.6
20.0
219.8
39.8
180.0
41.1
129.3
35.6
46.1
1,137
696
357.1
14.5
114.0
78.0
21.6
228.0
39.0
189.1
37.2
127.5
38.1
49.4
1,065
696
383.7
13.0
85.1
91.3
22.6
220.9
34.3
186.6
36.0
115.3
36.4
52.8
1,057
696
383.9
14.8
149.3
87.3
23.0
218.8
28.9
190.0
36.3
121.7
36.7
50.9
1,123
691
357.2
15.1
193.8
87.7
24.0
208.7
29.7
179.1
40.7
125.6
36.5
44.6
1,134
691
351.3
13.6
145.6
81.6
24.6
226.4
34.3
192.1
38.7
128.0
37.0
46.0
1,093
691
382.4
13.5
113.8
91.0
27.1
223.5
30.8
192.7
38.6
117.9
37.6
54.0
1,099
691
379.9
15.6
154.3
88.2
25.7
214.7
31.0
183.7
40.1
122.1
36.9
52.5
1,130
691
370.6
16.4
181.4
86.0
25.0
213.3
30.6
182.7
40.7
131.7
35.3
45.1
1,145
691
360.0
14.7
141.9
80.7
25.3
226.1
32.6
193.6
38.2
132.7
35.8
46.5
1,102
691
357.1
14.5
114.0
78.0
21.6
228.0
39.0
189.1
37.2
127.5
38.1
49.4
1,065
696
351.3
13.6
145.6
81.6
24.6
226.4
34.3
192.1
38.7
128.0
37.0
46.0
1,093
691
360.0
14.7
141.9
80.7
25.3
226.1
32.6
193.6
38.2
132.7
35.8
46.5
1,102
691
Consumption (million barrels per day)

Hydrocarbon Gas Liquids
Unfinished Oils ..........................................................
Finished Liquid Fuels
Motor Gasoline .......................................................
Fuel Ethanol blended into Motor Gasoline ..........
Jet Fuel ...................................................................
Distillate Fuel Oil ....................................................
Residual Fuel Oil ....................................................
Other Oils (h) ..........................................................
Total Consumption ....................................................
Total Liquid Fuels Net Imports
(a) Includes lease condensate.
(b) Crude oil production from U.S. Federal leases in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM).
(c) Net imports equals gross imports minus gross exports.
(d) Crude oil adjustment balances supply and consumption and was previously referred to as "Unaccounted for Crude Oil."
(e) Renewables and oxygenate production includes pentanes plus, oxygenates (excluding fuel ethanol), and renewable fuels.
(f) Petroleum products adjustment includes hydrogen/oxygenates/renewables/other hydrocarbons, motor gasoline blend components, and finished motor gasoline.
(g) Liquefied Petroleum Gas includes ethane, propane, butanes and refinery olefins.
(h) "Other Oils" inludes aviation gasoline blend components, finished aviation gasoline, kerosene, petrochemical feedstocks, special naphthas, lubricants, waxes, petroleum coke, asphalt and road oil, still
gas, and miscellaneous products.
SPR: Strategic Petroleum Reserve
HC: Hydrocarbons
Historical data: Latest data available from Energy Information Administration databases supporting the following reports:
Petroleum Supply Annual , DOE/EIA-0340/2; and Weekly Petroleum Status Report , DOE/EIA-0208.
Petroleum Supply Monthly , DOE/EIA-0109;
Table 4b. U.S. Hydrocarbon Gas Liquids (HGL) and Petroleum Refinery Balances (million barrels per day, except inventories and utilization factor)
2013
1st
HGL Production
Natural Gas Processing Plants
Ethane .............................................................
0.94
Propane ...........................................................
0.76
Butanes/Butylenes ..........................................
0.43
Natural Gasoline (Pentanes Plus) ...................
0.31
Refinery and Blender Net Production
Ethane/Ethylene ..............................................
0.01
Propane/Propylene .........................................
0.55
Butanes/Butylenes ..........................................
-0.04
Renewable Fuels and Oxygenate Plant Net Production
-0.02
Natural Gasoline (Pentanes Plus) ...................
HGL Net Imports
Ethane ................................................................
Propane ..............................................................
Butanes/Butylenes .............................................
Natural Gasoline (Pentanes Plus) ......................
2nd
2014
3rd
4th
1st
2nd
2015
3rd
4th
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
2013
Year
2014
2015
0.92
0.81
0.46
0.35
0.99
0.85
0.49
0.38
1.04
0.86
0.48
0.35
1.03
0.87
0.48
0.33
1.09
0.95
0.52
0.39
1.10
1.01
0.53
0.40
1.17
0.96
0.53
0.37
1.19
0.99
0.51
0.37
1.19
1.06
0.53
0.41
1.22
1.10
0.54
0.42
1.28
1.09
0.54
0.40
0.97
0.82
0.47
0.35
1.10
0.95
0.52
0.37
1.22
1.06
0.53
0.40
0.01
0.57
0.27
0.01
0.58
0.19
0.01
0.57
-0.21
0.01
0.57
-0.04
0.01
0.60
0.27
0.01
0.59
0.19
0.01
0.58
-0.17
0.01
0.56
-0.04
0.01
0.58
0.25
0.01
0.58
0.17
0.01
0.56
-0.16
0.01
0.56
0.05
0.01
0.58
0.06
0.01
0.57
0.05
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
0.00
-0.05
-0.01
-0.09
0.00
-0.19
-0.01
-0.05
0.00
-0.21
-0.02
-0.13
0.00
-0.25
0.00
-0.15
-0.01
-0.17
-0.03
-0.15
-0.02
-0.34
-0.06
-0.16
-0.06
-0.35
-0.07
-0.17
-0.08
-0.39
-0.10
-0.16
-0.09
-0.35
-0.08
-0.17
-0.09
-0.45
-0.11
-0.16
-0.11
-0.47
-0.10
-0.18
-0.11
-0.43
-0.07
-0.17
0.00
-0.18
-0.01
-0.10
-0.04
-0.31
-0.06
-0.16
-0.10
-0.43
-0.09
-0.17
HGL Refinery and Blender Net Inputs

0.34
0.18
0.26
0.15
0.30
0.17
0.43
0.16
0.37
0.14
0.28
0.15
0.29
0.16
0.41
0.18
0.34
0.16
0.27
0.17
0.30
0.17
0.43
0.18
0.33
0.17
0.33
0.16
0.33
0.17
HGL Consumption
Ethane/Ethylene .................................................
Propane/Propylene ............................................
0.96
1.56
0.15
0.03
0.92
1.03
0.18
0.08
1.00
1.08
0.17
0.05
1.09
1.43
0.19
0.06
1.01
1.46
0.16
0.03
0.97
0.89
0.17
0.03
1.05
1.00
0.14
0.05
1.12
1.35
0.16
0.04
1.11
1.44
0.16
0.02
1.09
0.99
0.18
0.04
1.14
1.05
0.15
0.05
1.18
1.35
0.16
0.05
0.99
1.28
0.17
0.06
1.04
1.17
0.16
0.04
1.13
1.21
0.16
0.04
HGL Inventories (million barrels)

Ethane/Ethylene .................................................
Propane/Propylene ............................................
34.26
40.68
27.94
13.05
35.18
55.31
52.84
17.23
34.46
68.10
69.60
18.36
32.79
45.08
38.06
14.47
29.90
28.32
25.95
13.04
37.06
57.12
52.24
14.82
40.62
80.04
73.58
15.10
39.36
61.37
45.76
13.63
38.13
39.18
35.96
13.49
40.25
57.13
56.51
15.56
39.00
71.81
70.99
16.38
38.26
59.68
44.44
14.70
34.17
45.08
38.06
14.47
36.77
61.37
45.76
13.63
38.91
59.68
44.44
14.70
Refinery and Blender Net Inputs

Crude OIl ..............................................................
Hydrocarbon Gas Liquids ....................................
Other Hydrocarbons/Oxygenates ........................
Unfinished Oils .....................................................
Motor Gasoline Blend Components .....................
Aviation Gasoline Blend Components .................
Total Refinery and Blender Net Inputs ....................
14.51
0.51
1.04
0.47
0.52
0.00
17.05
15.33
0.41
1.12
0.66
0.72
0.00
18.24
15.83
0.48
1.15
0.67
0.46
0.00
18.58
15.56
0.58
1.15
0.40
0.50
0.00
18.19
15.18
0.52
1.08
0.24
0.71
0.00
17.73
15.88
0.43
1.16
0.51
1.06
0.00
19.04
16.32
0.45
1.13
0.45
0.92
0.00
19.27
15.56
0.58
1.10
0.55
0.56
0.00
18.36
15.09
0.50
1.09
0.35
0.69
0.00
17.72
15.75
0.44
1.13
0.60
0.83
0.00
18.75
16.12
0.46
1.12
0.61
0.75
0.00
19.06
15.51
0.62
1.11
0.55
0.56
0.00
18.35
15.31
0.50
1.12
0.55
0.55
0.00
18.02
15.74
0.49
1.12
0.44
0.81
0.00
18.60
15.62
0.51
1.11
0.53
0.71
0.00
18.47
Refinery Processing Gain ..................................
1.01
1.07
1.13
1.13
1.07
1.08
1.11
1.10
1.07
1.08
1.11
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.09
Refinery and Blender Net Production

Hydrocarbon Gas Liquids ....................................
Jet Fuel .................................................................
Distillate Fuel ........................................................
Residual Fuel .......................................................
Other Oils (a) ........................................................
Total Refinery and Blender Net Production ............
0.51
8.87
1.43
4.35
0.49
2.42
18.06
0.84
9.27
1.50
4.66
0.49
2.55
19.31
0.77
9.30
1.57
4.92
0.44
2.70
19.71
0.37
9.49
1.50
4.99
0.45
2.53
19.32
0.54
9.26
1.45
4.66
0.46
2.43
18.80
0.87
9.82
1.49
4.96
0.44
2.52
20.11
0.79
9.76
1.65
4.98
0.42
2.78
20.38
0.42
9.52
1.47
5.04
0.46
2.54
19.46
0.52
9.12
1.46
4.74
0.47
2.48
18.79
0.84
9.49
1.53
4.93
0.45
2.60
19.83
0.75
9.57
1.59
5.13
0.43
2.71
20.18
0.41
9.44
1.47
5.17
0.43
2.52
19.44
0.62
9.23
1.50
4.73
0.47
2.55
19.11
0.65
9.59
1.52
4.91
0.45
2.57
19.69
0.63
9.41
1.51
4.99
0.44
2.58
19.56
Refinery Distillation Inputs ................................

Refinery Operable Distillation Capacity ...........
Refinery Distillation Utilization Factor ..............
14.80
17.82
0.83
15.77
17.81
0.89
16.31
17.82
0.92
15.99
17.82
0.90
15.51
17.93
0.87
16.17
17.89
0.90
16.65
17.86
0.93
15.94
17.83
0.89
15.42
17.83
0.86
16.06
17.83
0.90
16.47
17.83
0.92
15.89
17.83
0.89
15.72
17.82
0.88
16.07
17.88
0.90
15.96
17.83
0.90
(a) "Other Oils" includes aviation gasoline blend components, finished aviation gasoline, kerosene, petrochemical feedstocks, special naphthas, lubricants, waxes, petroleum coke, asphalt and road oil, still
gas, and miscellaneous products.
Historical data: Latest data available from Energy Information Administration databases supporting the following reports:Petroleum Supply Monthly , DOE/EIA-0109;
Petroleum Supply Annual , DOE/EIA-0340/2; Weekly Petroleum Status Report , DOE/EIA-0208.
Table 4c. U.S. Regional Motor Gasoline Prices and Inventories

2013
1st
2nd
Prices (cents per gallon)

Refiner Wholesale Price ......................
289
290
Gasoline Regular Grade Retail Prices Including Taxes
PADD 1 ..............................................
362
350
PADD 2 ..............................................
350
368
PADD 3 ..............................................
338
336
PADD 4 ..............................................
323
361
PADD 5 ..............................................
382
390
U.S. Average ...................................
357
360
Gasoline All Grades Including Taxes
363
367
Total Gasoline Inventories
PADD 1 ..............................................
59.5
PADD 2 ..............................................
53.8
PADD 3 ..............................................
75.6
PADD 4 ..............................................
6.8
PADD 5 ..............................................
29.1
U.S. Total ........................................
224.7
Finished Gasoline Inventories
U.S. Total ........................................
47.3
Gasoline Blending Components Inventories
U.S. Total ........................................
177.3
2014
3rd
4th
1st
2nd
2015
3rd
4th
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
2013
Year
2014
2015
288
259
272
298
276
254
261
283
277
256
281
275
269
355
352
337
362
385
357
364
334
319
308
325
355
329
337
344
337
318
326
362
340
348
365
365
345
350
401
368
375
348
343
329
363
386
350
358
324
316
302
323
352
323
331
328
322
310
310
352
327
335
347
351
334
345
381
352
359
342
345
326
348
379
347
355
327
318
304
323
357
326
334
350
347
329
343
378
351
358
346
340
323
341
376
345
353
336
334
319
332
368
338
346
62.0
49.3
77.5
6.5
29.1
224.4
58.1
49.8
77.3
6.3
28.2
219.8
61.1
51.5
76.3
7.1
32.1
228.0
57.7
49.0
77.7
6.5
30.0
220.9
63.1
49.7
72.8
6.1
27.1
218.8
53.3
47.7
72.7
7.3
27.8
208.7
58.4
50.3
77.9
7.3
32.5
226.4
57.9
51.9
75.9
6.8
31.0
223.5
57.4
48.1
74.4
6.7
28.2
214.7
56.2
49.1
73.6
6.8
27.6
213.3
59.2
50.0
78.2
7.3
31.4
226.1
61.1
51.5
76.3
7.1
32.1
228.0
58.4
50.3
77.9
7.3
32.5
226.4
59.2
50.0
78.2
7.3
31.4
226.1
48.6
39.8
39.0
34.3
28.9
29.7
34.3
30.8
31.0
30.6
32.6
39.0
34.3
32.6
175.7
180.0
189.1
186.6
190.0
179.1
192.1
192.7
183.7
182.7
193.6
189.1
192.1
193.6
Regions refer to Petroleum Administration for Defense Districts (PADD).
See Petroleum for Administration Defense District in EIAs Energy Glossary (http://www.eia.doe.gov/glossary/index.html) for a list of States in each region.
Historical data : Latest data available from Energy Information Administration databases supporting the following reports: Petroleum Marketing Monthly , DOE/EIA-0380;
Petroleum Supply Monthly , DOE/EIA-0109; Petroleum Supply Annual , DOE/EIA-0340/2; and Weekly Petroleum Status Report , DOE/EIA-0208.
Table 5a. U.S. Natural Gas Supply, Consumption, and Inventories

2013
Supply (billion cubic feet per day)
Total Marketed Production ............
2014
2015
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
2013
Year
2014
2015
68.95
69.77
70.52
71.46
72.14
73.98
74.64
75.12
75.54
75.48
75.31
75.58
70.18
73.98
75.48
Alaska ......................................
1.04
0.91
0.79
0.96
0.99
0.93
0.88
0.99
1.01
0.85
0.77
0.92
0.93
0.95
0.89
Federal GOM (a) .......................

Lower 48 States (excl GOM) .....
3.93
63.97
3.64
65.21
3.44
66.28
3.36
67.14
3.29
67.86
3.42
69.64
3.14
70.63
3.06
71.08
3.11
71.42
3.10
71.53
2.91
71.63
2.92
71.74
3.59
65.66
3.22
69.81
3.01
71.58
Total Dry Gas Production .............
65.46
66.21
66.76
67.64
68.23
69.75
70.31
70.77
71.17
71.10
70.95
71.20
66.53
69.78
71.10
LNG Gross Imports .....................

LNG Gross Exports .....................
0.37
0.00
0.21
0.00
0.37
0.00
0.12
0.03
0.17
0.03
0.17
0.02
0.20
0.03
0.19
0.00
0.17
0.00
0.17
0.00
0.18
0.43
0.17
0.59
0.27
0.01
0.18
0.02
0.17
0.26
Pipeline Gross Imports ................

Pipeline Gross Exports ................
8.11
4.84
7.39
4.41
7.42
4.14
7.62
3.81
8.44
4.67
6.52
3.89
7.17
4.17
7.17
4.54
7.77
4.62
6.87
4.74
7.38
4.61
7.41
4.89
7.63
4.30
7.32
4.32
7.36
4.71
Supplemental Gaseous Fuels ......
0.19
0.14
0.14
0.15
0.17
0.16
0.16
0.19
0.19
0.16
0.17
0.19
0.16
0.17
0.18
Net Inventory Withdrawals ...........

Total Supply ...................................
18.71
88.00
-10.17
59.37
-9.80
60.75
7.32
79.01
22.75
95.07
-12.71
59.99
-12.58
61.06
1.77
75.55
16.25
90.92
-11.06
62.50
-9.75
63.89
2.95
76.43
1.45
71.73
-0.28
72.83
-0.47
73.37
Balancing Item (b) ..........................

Total Primary Supply .......................
0.20
88.20
0.29
59.66
0.01
60.76
-2.05
76.96
-0.33
94.74
0.46
60.45
-0.26
60.80
-1.14
74.41
-1.11
89.81
-0.40
62.10
-0.61
63.28
-0.42
76.01
-0.39
71.34
-0.32
72.51
-0.63
72.74
12.81
Consumption (billion cubic feet per day)

Residential ...................................
25.61
7.60
3.71
17.43
28.83
7.37
3.62
15.75
24.85
7.22
3.65
15.75
13.54
13.83
Commercial .................................
14.44
6.06
4.51
11.16
16.45
6.15
4.66
10.27
14.43
5.99
4.60
10.32
9.02
9.35
8.81
Industrial .....................................
Electric Power (c) .........................
21.79
19.94
19.39
20.97
19.07
27.76
21.53
20.61
22.98
19.70
19.99
21.04
19.78
26.78
22.41
19.68
23.80
19.93
21.01
21.80
20.75
28.25
23.11
20.51
20.44
22.34
21.29
21.82
22.16
22.64
Lease and Plant Fuel ...................
3.80
3.85
3.89
3.94
3.98
4.08
4.12
4.14
4.17
4.16
4.16
4.17
3.87
4.08
4.16
Pipeline and Distribution Use .......

Vehicle Use .................................
2.52
0.09
1.70
0.09
1.73
0.09
2.19
0.09
2.70
0.09
1.72
0.09
1.74
0.09
2.06
0.09
2.53
0.09
1.82
0.09
1.80
0.09
2.06
0.09
2.03
0.09
2.05
0.09
2.05
0.09
Total Consumption .........................
88.20
59.66
60.76
76.96
94.74
60.45
60.80
74.41
89.81
62.10
63.28
76.01
71.34
72.51
72.74
2,642
3,565
2,890
857
2,005
3,160
2,997
1,534
2,541
3,438
3,167
2,890
2,997
3,167
973
1,208
461
1,174
1,833
558
1,022
1,444
423
358
315
184
691
952
362
951
1,746
463
994
1,565
438
646
598
290
942
1,148
451
1,102
1,786
550
1,095
1,557
515
1,022
1,444
423
994
1,565
438
1,095
1,557
515
End-of-period Inventories (billion cubic feet)

Working Gas Inventory ................
1,723
Producing Region (d) ................
East Consuming Region (d) ......
West Consuming Region (d) ....
705
660
358
(a) Marketed production from U.S. Federal leases in the Gulf of Mexico.
(b) The balancing item represents the difference between the sum of the components of natural gas supply and the sum of components of natural gas demand.
(c) Natural gas used for electricity generation and (a limited amount of) useful thermal output by electric utilities and independent power producers.
(d) For a list of States in each inventory region refer toMethodology for EIA Weekly Underground Natural Gas Storage Estimates (http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/oog/info/ngs/methodology.html).
LNG: liquefied natural gas.
Historical data: Latest data available from Energy Information Administration databases supporting the following reports:Natural Gas Monthly , DOE/EIA-0130; and Electric Power
Monthly , DOE/EIA-0226.
Table 5b. U.S. Regional Natural Gas Prices (dollars per thousand cubic feet
2013
1st
Wholesale/Spot
Henry Hub Spot Price ........
2nd
2014
3rd
4th
1st
2nd
2015
3rd
4th
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
2013
Year
2014
2015
3.59
4.13
3.66
3.97
5.36
4.75
4.08
4.13
4.12
3.74
3.89
4.07
3.84
4.58
3.95
13.07
11.00
13.63
13.34
16.89
17.79
13.75
11.37
13.94
10.71
16.56
13.38
17.33
17.76
14.09
12.65
13.57
11.49
14.74
13.86
17.50
18.15
14.21
12.70
13.66
11.90
14.63
12.04
14.24
12.63
Residential
New England .....................
Middle Atlantic ...................
E. N. Central ......................
7.74
10.76
15.76
8.13
8.65
12.94
17.41
9.58
8.67
11.66
16.98
9.55
8.71
9.90
9.82
W. N. Central .....................
S. Atlantic ..........................
8.10
11.10
10.46
15.40
17.53
22.32
9.13
12.72
9.03
11.31
11.74
16.36
18.32
23.13
10.11
13.56
8.72
11.88
11.30
16.76
17.38
22.65
9.95
13.42
9.27
12.87
10.13
13.20
9.94
13.63
E. S. Central ......................
W. S. Central .....................
9.18
8.36
12.48
12.12
18.31
19.77
10.54
10.36
9.59
8.51
14.02
14.28
19.67
19.53
11.72
11.23
10.12
8.90
13.92
13.65
18.59
18.84
11.61
11.33
10.52
10.40
11.10
10.71
11.47
10.95
Mountain ...........................
8.01
9.81
13.78
8.76
9.06
11.23
15.26
10.08
9.22
10.35
13.94
9.52
8.92
10.17
9.85
Pacific ................................
U.S. Average ..................
9.47
9.24
10.81
11.88
11.27
16.13
10.20
9.93
10.92
9.81
11.60
13.17
12.27
17.00
10.56
11.06
10.18
10.01
10.62
12.55
11.49
16.51
10.47
10.99
10.13
10.31
11.09
11.09
10.51
11.13
Commercial
New England .....................
10.87
10.45
9.70
9.89
11.38
12.58
11.28
11.09
11.64
11.08
10.99
11.10
10.37
11.49
11.33
8.82
8.66
7.95
8.28
9.40
9.05
8.43
9.57
9.89
9.22
8.87
9.71
8.53
9.26
9.59
E. N. Central ......................
W. N. Central .....................
7.01
7.00
8.25
7.79
8.89
9.25
7.04
7.37
8.01
8.30
9.92
9.12
10.60
10.07
8.29
8.17
8.24
8.14
9.14
8.06
9.72
9.04
8.19
8.02
7.33
7.40
8.52
8.50
8.46
8.16
S. Atlantic ..........................
8.76
10.02
10.51
9.35
9.22
10.57
11.23
10.28
10.26
10.49
10.98
10.17
9.37
9.97
10.36
E. S. Central ......................
W. S. Central .....................
8.15
6.84
9.53
8.05
10.30
8.70
9.00
7.52
8.90
7.48
10.71
9.25
11.21
9.10
9.82
8.22
9.70
7.88
10.25
8.15
10.61
8.73
9.80
8.23
8.86
7.53
9.64
8.19
9.91
8.14
Mountain ...........................
6.93
7.54
8.55
7.48
7.77
8.68
9.80
8.46
8.17
7.89
9.20
8.40
7.36
8.36
8.30
Pacific ................................
U.S. Average ..................
Industrial
8.11
7.83
8.74
8.59
8.84
8.95
8.56
7.98
9.22
8.66
9.18
9.59
9.70
9.85
9.25
9.02
9.05
9.02
8.48
9.02
9.30
9.52
9.23
8.98
8.48
8.12
9.30
9.03
9.04
9.07
New England .....................

E. N. Central ......................
W. N. Central .....................
8.68
8.17
6.11
5.16
8.49
8.13
6.58
5.40
7.38
8.21
6.04
4.92
8.87
8.12
5.91
5.40
10.05
9.22
7.88
7.29
9.50
8.77
8.72
6.27
8.27
9.31
7.55
5.74
9.53
8.93
6.99
5.64
9.66
8.96
7.26
5.73
8.77
8.03
6.62
4.88
8.63
8.33
6.67
5.18
9.71
8.92
6.87
5.91
8.47
8.16
6.12
5.23
9.51
9.09
7.73
6.28
9.31
8.71
6.97
5.47
S. Atlantic ..........................
E. S. Central ......................
W. S. Central .....................
Mountain ...........................
5.39
5.25
3.61
5.60
5.81
5.57
4.38
5.96
5.32
5.14
3.84
6.13
5.52
5.45
3.92
5.99
6.94
6.50
5.13
6.63
6.45
6.27
4.91
6.84
6.13
5.59
4.46
7.12
6.25
5.75
4.17
6.94
6.28
5.94
4.24
6.48
5.69
5.42
3.89
6.04
5.86
5.63
4.11
6.49
6.15
5.77
4.20
6.62
5.51
5.35
3.94
5.88
6.46
6.06
4.66
6.86
6.01
5.70
4.11
6.43
Pacific ................................
U.S. Average ..................
6.69
4.57
7.11
4.98
6.92
4.41
6.80
4.69
7.81
6.16
7.60
5.60
7.68
5.07
7.27
5.08
6.95
5.28
6.34
4.57
6.87
4.73
7.19
5.09
6.86
4.66
7.58
5.49
6.87
4.94
Regions refer to U.S. Census divisions.
See "Census division" in EIAs Energy Glossary (http://www.eia.doe.gov/glossary/index.html) for a list of States in each region.
Historical data: Latest data available from Energy Information Administration databases supporting the Natural Gas Monthly , DOE/EIA-0130.
Natural gas Henry Hub spot price from Reuter's News Service (http://www.reuters.com).
Table 6. U.S. Coal Supply, Consumption, and Inventories

2013
2014
2015
2nd
3rd
4th
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
Supply (million short tons)

Production ...........................................
245.1
243.1
256.7
239.1
245.2
245.8
251.1
255.7
255.5
239.7
255.6
251.0
984.0
997.8
1001.8
Appalachia .......................................
70.4
71.3
66.2
63.8
67.5
69.7
68.2
71.1
74.2
70.3
66.0
66.1
271.6
276.5
276.7
Interior ..............................................
Western ...........................................
45.5
129.2
45.0
126.8
48.1
142.4
44.0
131.3
46.3
131.4
44.8
131.4
48.8
134.1
48.0
136.6
46.0
135.3
45.6
123.8
48.3
141.3
47.8
137.1
182.7
529.7
187.8
533.5
187.7
537.4
Primary Inventory Withdrawals .............
5.5
-1.1
1.6
-2.6
1.0
-0.1
0.6
-2.3
0.5
-0.1
0.6
-2.3
3.5
-0.8
-1.3
Imports ................................................
Exports ................................................
1.4
31.8
2.8
29.4
2.4
28.6
2.3
27.8
2.4
27.7
3.5
24.6
2.7
21.8
2.7
22.1
2.2
21.3
2.4
25.4
3.3
23.5
2.9
25.1
8.9
117.7
11.4
96.3
10.7
95.3
Metallurgical Coal .............................

Steam Coal ......................................
18.2
13.7
16.1
13.3
15.9
12.7
15.4
12.4
16.9
10.9
15.8
8.8
14.5
7.3
14.2
7.9
13.8
7.5
14.3
11.2
12.6
11.0
13.8
11.3
65.7
52.0
61.4
34.9
54.4
40.9
Total Primary Supply ..............................
220.1
215.4
232.1
211.1
220.9
224.7
232.6
233.9
236.9
216.6
236.0
226.5
878.7
912.2
915.9
14.5
0.7
17.9
4.8
31.1
-15.2
8.8
-7.8
-1.7
-9.0
13.1
-5.8
37.9
16.9
-3.6
2.9
237.5
2.6
218.6
2.5
252.5
2.3
218.2
3.2
255.2
2.8
212.3
3.2
244.5
3.0
229.1
2.8
237.9
2.5
210.0
3.2
252.2
3.0
223.6
10.2
926.8
12.1
941.1
11.3
923.6
Secondary Inventory Withdrawals ........

Waste Coal (a) ....................................
Total Supply ...........................................
2013
Year
2014
1st
2015
Consumption (million short tons)

Coke Plants .........................................
5.3
5.5
5.4
5.3
4.8
5.1
5.5
5.5
4.9
4.9
5.7
5.7
21.5
21.0
21.2
Electric Power Sector (b) .....................
212.0
200.2
237.3
208.9
231.7
196.8
233.6
211.8
220.8
193.7
235.0
205.6
858.4
874.0
855.1
Retail and Other Industry .....................

Residential and Commercial .............
11.8
0.7
10.8
0.4
10.8
0.4
11.9
0.5
12.0
0.7
10.9
0.4
11.0
0.4
11.7
0.6
11.7
0.7
10.9
0.4
10.9
0.4
11.7
0.6
45.3
2.0
45.7
2.1
45.2
2.2
Other Industrial .................................
11.1
10.4
10.4
11.4
11.3
10.5
10.6
11.1
11.0
10.4
10.5
11.1
43.3
43.6
43.0
Total Consumption ................................
229.0
216.5
253.5
226.1
248.6
212.9
250.1
229.1
237.3
209.5
251.6
223.0
925.1
940.7
921.5
8.4
2.1
-1.0
-7.9
6.6
-0.5
-5.6
0.0
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.6
1.7
0.4
2.2
End-of-period Inventories (million short tons)

Primary Inventories (d) .........................
40.7
Secondary Inventories .........................
178.2
Electric Power Sector ........................
171.5
41.7
177.5
170.5
40.1
159.6
152.2
42.7
154.8
148.0
41.7
123.7
118.0
41.7
138.9
132.9
41.1
130.1
123.5
43.4
137.9
130.8
42.9
139.6
133.5
43.0
148.7
141.8
42.4
135.6
128.1
44.7
141.5
133.6
42.7
154.8
148.0
43.4
137.9
130.8
44.7
141.5
133.6
Discrepancy (c)
Retail and General Industry ..............

Coke Plants ......................................
4.0
2.2
4.0
2.5
4.3
2.5
4.1
2.2
3.5
1.8
3.6
1.9
4.4
1.9
4.8
1.9
4.1
1.6
4.5
2.0
5.1
1.9
5.5
1.9
4.1
2.2
4.8
1.9
5.5
1.9
Coal Market Indicators

Coal Miner Productivity
(Tons per hour) .................................
Total Raw Steel Production
(Million short tons per day) ................
5.55
5.55
5.55
5.55
5.47
5.47
5.47
5.47
5.61
5.61
5.61
5.61
5.55
5.47
5.61
0.259
0.267
0.267
0.260
0.262
0.263
0.271
0.267
0.271
0.280
0.264
0.255
0.263
0.266
0.267
Cost of Coal to Electric Utilities

(Dollars per million Btu) ....................
2.35
2.37
2.33
2.34
2.33
2.39
2.36
2.35
2.36
2.36
2.35
2.36
2.35
2.36
2.36
(a) Waste coal includes waste coal and cloal slurry reprocessed into briquettes.
(b) Coal used for electricity generation and (a limited amount of) useful thermal output by electric utilities and independent power producers.
(c) The discrepancy reflects an unaccounted-for shipper and receiver reporting difference, assumed to be zero in the forecast period.
(d) Primary stocks are held at the mines and distribution points.
Historical data: Latest data available from Energy Information Administration databases supporting the following reports:Quarterly Coal Report , DOE/EIA-0121; and Electric Power Monthly ,
DOE/EIA-0226.
Table 7a. U.S. Electricity Industry Overview

2013
1st
2nd
Electricity Supply (billion kilowatthours per day)
Electricity Generation .........................
10.92
10.73
Electric Power Sector (a) ................
10.48
10.31
Comm. and Indus. Sectors (b) .......
0.44
0.42
Net Imports .......................................
0.13
0.14
Total Supply .......................................
11.06
10.87
Losses and Unaccounted for (c) ......
0.66
0.84
2014
3rd
4th
1st
12.15
11.71
0.45
0.17
12.32
0.77
10.66
10.23
0.44
0.13
10.79
0.79
11.47
11.04
0.43
0.11
11.58
0.67
Electricity Consumption (billion kilowatthours per day unless noted)

Retail Sales ........................................
10.01
9.66
11.16
9.62
Residential Sector ...........................
3.96
3.38
4.37
3.53
Commercial Sector .........................
3.47
3.60
4.07
3.53
Industrial Sector ..............................
2.56
2.65
2.70
2.55
Transportation Sector .....................
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
Direct Use (d) .....................................
0.39
0.37
0.39
0.38
Total Consumption ............................
10.39
10.03
11.55
10.00
Average residential electricity
usage per customer (kWh) ................
2,796
2,415
3,148
2,537
Prices
Power Generation Fuel Costs (dollars per million Btu)
Coal .................................................
2.35
2.37
Natural Gas .....................................
4.35
4.56
Residual Fuel Oil .............................
19.37
19.83
Distillate Fuel Oil ..............................
23.44
22.62
End-Use Prices (cents per kilowatthour)
Residential Sector ...........................
11.56
12.31
Commercial Sector .........................
9.96
10.33
Industrial Sector ..............................
6.55
6.79
2nd
2015
2013
Year
2014
3rd
4th
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
2015
10.75
10.34
0.40
0.12
10.87
0.84
12.12
11.68
0.44
0.13
12.25
0.79
10.55
10.11
0.44
0.10
10.65
0.69
11.25
10.81
0.44
0.11
11.36
0.60
10.89
10.48
0.41
0.11
11.00
0.90
12.33
11.88
0.45
0.14
12.47
0.77
10.69
10.24
0.45
0.10
10.79
0.72
11.12
10.68
0.44
0.14
11.26
0.77
11.22
10.79
0.43
0.11
11.34
0.75
11.29
10.86
0.44
0.11
11.40
0.75
10.53
4.35
3.62
2.54
0.02
0.38
10.91
9.67
3.36
3.64
2.66
0.02
0.35
10.03
11.07
4.29
4.06
2.70
0.02
0.39
11.46
9.58
3.51
3.47
2.57
0.02
0.39
9.96
10.37
4.15
3.62
2.59
0.02
0.38
10.75
9.74
3.36
3.66
2.70
0.02
0.36
10.10
11.30
4.43
4.08
2.77
0.02
0.39
11.70
9.68
3.53
3.50
2.63
0.02
0.39
10.07
10.11
3.81
3.67
2.62
0.02
0.38
10.50
10.21
3.87
3.70
2.62
0.02
0.38
10.59
10.27
3.86
3.71
2.67
0.02
0.38
10.65
3,048
2,375
3,063
2,504
2,885
2,357
3,138
2,492
10,896
10,991
10,873
2.33
4.06
18.76
23.23
2.34
4.41
19.47
22.97
2.33
6.82
19.95
23.39
2.39
4.93
21.16
22.74
2.36
4.59
19.44
21.57
2.35
4.89
18.20
21.68
2.36
4.87
17.65
22.56
2.36
4.29
17.92
22.47
2.35
4.44
17.90
22.27
2.36
4.85
17.84
22.83
2.35
4.32
19.33
23.08
2.36
5.24
19.76
22.71
2.36
4.59
17.83
22.54
12.54
10.68
7.24
12.01
10.14
6.67
11.90
10.57
7.02
12.73
10.63
6.94
12.99
11.07
7.41
12.32
10.47
6.84
12.29
10.56
6.77
12.92
10.89
6.99
13.10
11.30
7.48
12.43
10.67
6.87
12.12
10.29
6.82
12.48
10.70
7.06
12.69
10.87
7.04
- = no data available. kWh = kilowatthours. Btu = British thermal units.

(a) Generation supplied by electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants operated by electric utilities and independent power producers.
(b) Generation supplied by CHP and electricity-only plants operated by businesses in the commercial and industrial sectors, primarily for onsite use.
(c) Includes transmission and distribution losses, data collection time-frame differences, and estimation error.
(d) Direct Use represents commercial and industrial facility use of onsite net electricity generation; and electrical sales or transfers to adjacent or colocated facilities
for which revenue information is not available. See Table 7.6 of the EIA Monthly Energy Review .
Historical data: Latest data available from Energy Information Administration databases supporting the following reports: Electric Power Monthly , DOE/EIA-0226; and Electric Power Annual ,
DOE/EIA-0348.
Table 7b. U.S. Regional Electricity Retail Sales (Million Kilowatthours per Day)
2013
1st
Residential Sector
New England ...............
Middle Atlantic .............
E. N. Central ................
W. N. Central ...............
S. Atlantic ....................
E. S. Central ................
W. S. Central ...............
Mountain ......................
Pacific contiguous .......
AK and HI .....................
Total ..........................
Commercial Sector
New England ...............
E. N. Central ................
W. N. Central ...............
S. Atlantic ....................
E. S. Central ................
W. S. Central ...............
Mountain ......................
AK and HI .....................
Total ..........................
Industrial Sector
New England ...............
E. N. Central ................
W. N. Central ...............
S. Atlantic ....................
E. S. Central ................
W. S. Central ...............
Mountain ......................
AK and HI .....................
Total ..........................
Total All Sectors (a)
New England ...............
E. N. Central ................
W. N. Central ...............
S. Atlantic ....................
E. S. Central ................
W. S. Central ...............
Mountain ......................
AK and HI .....................
Total ..........................
2nd
2014
3rd
4th
1st
2nd
2015
3rd
4th
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
2013
Year
2014
2015
144
390
562
322
962
344
529
253
436
14
3,955
115
324
447
247
846
280
517
248
346
12
3,384
146
416
553
310
1,075
366
755
328
412
12
4,373
122
330
495
275
873
294
517
227
385
13
3,531
154
423
616
352
1,081
404
641
239
421
14
4,345
111
315
446
246
858
278
501
242
347
11
3,355
135
387
513
293
1,095
369
741
325
420
12
4,289
124
331
487
268
880
292
508
228
384
13
3,514
147
398
569
326
1,042
374
603
246
426
14
4,146
113
316
438
244
856
279
518
241
340
12
3,357
136
409
554
314
1,131
382
742
344
406
12
4,430
124
333
488
269
888
291
509
232
380
13
3,526
132
365
514
288
939
321
580
264
395
13
3,811
131
364
515
290
978
335
598
259
393
13
3,875
130
364
512
288
979
331
593
266
388
13
3,865
121
427
492
270
781
228
462
237
430
17
3,466
118
414
490
266
832
243
514
262
448
16
3,604
135
474
539
298
918
288
610
287
500
17
4,066
117
412
489
271
799
231
504
243
444
17
3,527
153
442
510
284
803
239
495
239
438
17
3,620
138
413
490
273
842
237
522
257
447
16
3,636
156
465
524
293
924
281
610
289
507
17
4,064
134
402
475
264
778
223
491
242
446
17
3,472
151
440
506
279
800
240
496
243
443
17
3,615
137
414
496
277
842
236
529
263
449
16
3,660
157
462
537
297
917
286
616
290
501
17
4,081
134
402
478
268
784
225
496
244
447
17
3,496
123
432
503
277
833
248
523
257
456
17
3,667
145
431
500
278
837
245
530
257
459
17
3,699
145
429
504
280
836
247
535
260
460
17
3,713
72
188
533
230
367
317
407
210
224
13
2,563
73
186
534
239
388
312
435
235
235
14
2,650
78
193
539
251
397
286
448
246
251
14
2,703
71
188
513
238
373
277
422
217
234
14
2,546
49
201
525
234
372
279
431
213
226
13
2,543
49
198
532
240
397
287
465
239
240
14
2,660
51
197
534
253
390
286
472
255
246
14
2,700
49
192
512
246
381
279
437
225
236
14
2,570
49
198
533
245
373
287
440
223
226
14
2,587
49
199
541
253
401
292
466
246
242
14
2,703
54
205
551
269
405
290
462
264
257
15
2,771
49
198
527
257
386
287
443
230
241
14
2,633
74
189
530
240
381
298
428
227
236
14
2,616
50
197
526
243
385
283
451
233
237
14
2,619
50
200
538
256
391
289
453
241
241
14
2,674
339
1,017
1,589
823
2,114
890
1,399
700
1,092
43
10,006
308
935
1,473
752
2,070
836
1,467
745
1,031
42
9,658
360
1,095
1,632
859
2,393
940
1,813
862
1,165
43
11,163
311
940
1,497
784
2,049
801
1,443
686
1,066
44
9,623
357
1,078
1,654
870
2,260
922
1,567
692
1,087
44
10,531
300
936
1,469
760
2,100
803
1,488
739
1,037
41
9,673
344
1,060
1,572
840
2,412
936
1,823
869
1,176
43
11,074
308
936
1,475
777
2,043
794
1,437
695
1,067
44
9,577
349
1,049
1,609
850
2,219
901
1,540
713
1,097
44
10,370
300
941
1,476
774
2,103
807
1,513
751
1,034
42
9,741
350
1,087
1,644
881
2,457
958
1,820
898
1,166
43
11,304
308
946
1,495
793
2,062
804
1,448
707
1,071
45
9,677
330
997
1,548
805
2,157
867
1,531
749
1,088
43
10,114
327
1,002
1,542
811
2,204
864
1,579
749
1,092
43
10,213
327
1,006
1,556
825
2,210
868
1,581
767
1,092
43
10,274
(a) Total retail sales to all sectors includes residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation sector sales.
Retail Sales represents total retail electricity sales by electric utilities and power marketers.
Historical data: Latest data available from Energy Information Administration databases supporting the following reports: Electric Power Monthly , DOE/EIA-0226; and Electric
Power Annual , DOE/EIA-0348.
Table 7c. U.S. Regional Electricity Prices (Cents per Kilowatthour)

2013
1st
2nd
2014
3rd
4th
1st
2nd
2015
3rd
4th
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
2013
Year
2014
2015
Residential Sector
New England ..............
Middle Atlantic ............
E. N. Central ...............
W. N. Central ..............
S. Atlantic ...................
E. S. Central ...............
W. S. Central ..............
Mountain .....................
Pacific .........................
U.S. Average ...........
Commercial Sector
New England ..............
E. N. Central ...............
W. N. Central ..............
S. Atlantic ...................
E. S. Central ...............
W. S. Central ..............
Mountain .....................
Pacific .........................
U.S. Average ...........
Industrial Sector
New England ..............
E. N. Central ...............
W. N. Central ..............
S. Atlantic ...................
E. S. Central ...............
W. S. Central ..............
Mountain .....................
Pacific .........................
U.S. Average ...........
All Sectors (a)
15.59
15.09
11.48
9.95
10.88
10.05
10.23
10.46
12.80
11.56
16.12
15.70
12.45
11.40
11.48
10.71
10.95
11.52
13.72
12.31
16.01
16.48
12.30
12.06
11.77
10.64
10.92
11.99
14.60
12.54
17.21
15.53
11.87
10.43
11.27
10.28
10.75
11.09
13.32
12.01
17.46
16.28
11.56
10.05
11.31
10.30
10.37
10.94
12.97
11.90
18.03
16.58
12.95
11.80
11.98
11.21
11.44
12.02
12.77
12.73
17.38
16.89
13.00
12.32
12.06
11.06
11.45
12.33
15.34
12.99
17.91
16.07
12.35
10.72
11.55
10.63
11.14
11.43
12.92
12.32
18.24
16.30
12.14
10.41
11.57
10.75
10.82
11.24
13.41
12.29
18.43
17.10
13.26
12.05
12.09
11.29
11.17
12.32
13.38
12.92
18.30
17.21
13.24
12.50
12.06
11.15
11.20
12.65
15.57
13.10
18.29
16.43
12.59
10.93
11.50
10.65
10.81
11.74
13.41
12.43
16.20
15.72
12.01
10.95
11.37
10.42
10.73
11.32
13.60
12.12
17.67
16.46
12.41
11.15
11.72
10.77
11.09
11.74
13.55
12.48
18.31
16.76
12.79
11.45
11.81
10.96
11.01
12.05
13.97
12.69
14.37
12.70
9.34
8.36
9.30
9.82
8.07
8.83
11.04
9.96
13.76
12.85
9.65
9.22
9.34
9.91
8.19
9.47
12.94
10.33
13.83
13.89
9.65
9.66
9.48
9.76
8.14
9.80
14.38
10.68
14.40
12.45
9.39
8.49
9.42
9.78
8.02
9.26
12.43
10.14
15.24
14.26
9.69
8.60
9.83
10.28
8.12
9.18
11.95
10.57
14.07
13.28
9.93
9.38
9.67
10.51
8.29
9.82
13.14
10.63
14.34
13.97
9.95
9.88
9.70
10.57
8.38
10.18
15.25
11.07
14.46
12.68
9.56
8.71
9.67
10.53
8.24
9.56
12.97
10.47
15.13
13.33
9.74
8.62
9.90
10.60
8.21
9.28
12.36
10.56
14.87
13.76
9.98
9.52
9.92
10.73
8.10
10.08
14.02
10.89
14.94
14.59
10.02
10.12
9.99
10.77
8.13
10.42
15.83
11.30
14.81
13.31
9.74
8.89
9.94
10.74
7.93
9.73
13.30
10.67
14.08
13.00
9.51
8.95
9.39
9.82
8.11
9.37
12.77
10.29
14.54
13.58
9.79
9.16
9.72
10.48
8.26
9.71
13.40
10.70
14.94
13.77
9.87
9.31
9.94
10.71
8.09
9.91
13.95
10.87
12.38
7.30
6.42
6.33
6.30
5.65
5.60
5.89
7.41
6.55
11.92
7.23
6.62
6.58
6.44
5.91
5.88
6.44
8.14
6.79
12.46
7.47
6.75
7.15
6.77
6.63
6.17
7.18
8.93
7.24
11.89
7.00
6.49
6.28
6.41
5.65
5.73
6.23
8.22
6.67
12.96
8.75
7.00
6.56
6.80
6.18
5.87
6.21
7.96
7.02
11.28
7.37
6.83
6.68
6.68
6.22
6.04
6.76
8.30
6.94
11.75
7.40
6.96
7.22
7.00
6.90
6.49
7.52
9.46
7.41
12.19
7.27
6.76
6.37
6.55
5.81
6.00
6.50
8.46
6.84
12.09
7.67
6.73
6.42
6.65
5.98
5.77
6.37
7.78
6.77
11.94
7.62
6.86
6.75
6.78
6.28
5.95
6.92
8.29
6.99
12.33
7.82
7.03
7.40
7.09
6.78
6.39
7.77
9.24
7.48
11.77
7.39
6.76
6.45
6.68
6.04
5.91
6.59
8.33
6.87
12.17
7.25
6.57
6.60
6.48
5.96
5.86
6.46
8.20
6.82
12.04
7.70
6.89
6.71
6.76
6.28
6.11
6.78
8.56
7.06
12.04
7.63
6.85
6.77
6.80
6.28
6.01
6.95
8.44
7.04
New England ..............

E. N. Central ...............
W. N. Central ..............
S. Atlantic ...................
E. S. Central ...............
W. S. Central ..............
Mountain .....................
Pacific .........................
U.S. Average ...........
14.43
12.61
9.11
8.42
9.50
8.42
8.17
8.54
10.99
9.72
14.18
12.70
9.40
9.09
9.67
8.68
8.48
9.20
12.10
10.05
14.40
13.73
9.59
9.79
10.06
9.15
8.81
9.89
13.28
10.58
14.92
12.43
9.21
8.50
9.66
8.53
8.33
8.91
11.82
9.91
15.85
14.00
9.53
8.64
10.04
9.05
8.42
8.87
11.51
10.26
15.05
13.13
9.72
9.31
10.05
9.22
8.65
9.56
11.89
10.34
15.12
13.80
9.92
9.93
10.34
9.64
9.13
10.20
14.06
10.92
15.45
12.76
9.50
8.66
9.90
8.91
8.58
9.18
11.95
10.17
15.98
13.37
9.59
8.67
10.13
9.19
8.54
9.05
11.82
10.30
15.69
13.56
9.80
9.41
10.20
9.31
8.49
9.76
12.46
10.51
15.82
14.27
10.10
10.14
10.47
9.71
8.94
10.50
14.27
11.07
15.69
13.14
9.62
8.79
10.00
9.02
8.32
9.37
12.21
10.27
14.48
12.90
9.33
8.96
9.73
8.71
8.47
9.18
12.07
10.08
15.38
13.45
9.67
9.14
10.09
9.22
8.72
9.50
12.40
10.44
15.80
13.61
9.78
9.27
10.21
9.32
8.59
9.72
12.73
10.56
(a) Volume-weighted average of retail prices to residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation sectors.
Historical data: Latest data available from Energy Information Administration databases supporting the following reports: Electric Power Monthly , DOE/EIA-0226; and Electric
Power Annual , DOE/EIA-0348.
Table 7d. U.S. Regional Electricity Generation, All Sectors (Thousand megawatthours per day)
2013
1st
2nd
2014
3rd
4th
1st
2nd
2015
3rd
4th
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
2013
Year
2014
United States
Coal ...............................................
4,367
4,077
4,747
4,187
4,873
4,037
4,698
4,264
4,603
3,978
4,756
4,138
4,345
4,467
Natural Gas ...................................
2,802
2,843
3,694
2,858
2,700
2,870
3,647
2,809
2,822
2,958
3,786
2,899
3,051
3,008
Petroleum (a) ................................
74
73
81
66
147
63
68
64
75
65
72
62
74
85
Other Gases ..................................
32
33
36
33
28
29
36
34
28
30
37
35
34
32
Nuclear ..........................................
2,176
2,044
2,257
2,168
2,201
2,060
2,299
2,010
2,144
2,074
2,206
2,055
2,162
2,142
Renewable Energy Sources:
Conventional Hydropower ..........
736
886
716
613
703
850
678
596
747
865
698
640
737
707
Wind ...........................................
491
520
353
475
553
549
390
498
545
595
439
566
459
497
Wood Biomass ...........................
110
100
114
113
116
112
121
116
118
116
126
119
109
117
Waste Biomass ..........................
53
56
55
54
51
53
57
57
55
57
60
59
55
54
Geothermal ................................
46
45
45
45
45
45
45
46
46
45
46
47
45
45
Solar ...........................................
16
27
31
27
33
61
62
38
40
83
84
49
25
49
Pumped Storage Hydropower .......
-13
-11
-13
-12
-12
-17
-14
-12
-11
-11
-15
-12
-12
-14
Other Nonrenewable Fuels (b) ......
33
34
36
33
31
33
35
33
33
35
36
34
34
33
Total Generation ...........................
10,925 10,727 12,153 10,661 11,470 10,746 12,121 10,554 11,246 10,889 12,331 10,691
11,118 11,223
Northeast Census Region
Coal ...............................................
330
276
287
238
359
250
233
251
341
202
259
232
283
273
Natural Gas ...................................
451
480
610
445
409
480
607
463
464
517
631
494
497
490
Petroleum (a) ................................
12
4
8
6
55
2
3
4
7
4
5
4
7
16
Other Gases ..................................
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Nuclear ..........................................
561
489
543
533
542
471
542
476
490
474
504
468
532
508
Hydropower (c) ..............................
101
95
91
95
97
104
88
101
107
113
93
100
95
97
Other Renewables (d) ...................
66
61
55
68
72
63
60
69
71
63
61
72
62
66
12
13
13
12
11
12
12
12
11
12
12
12
12
12
1,535
1,421
1,609
1,399
1,547
1,384
1,547
1,378
1,493
1,387
1,569
1,383
1,491
1,464
South Census Region
Coal ...............................................
1,776
1,753
2,087
1,754
2,122
1,851
2,115
1,755
1,930
1,771
2,068
1,656
1,843
1,960
Natural Gas ...................................
1,599
1,673
2,049
1,590
1,538
1,722
2,083
1,558
1,624
1,787
2,167
1,638
1,729
1,726
Petroleum (a) ................................
27
36
38
25
54
28
30
26
32
27
31
24
32
34
Other Gases ..................................
12
14
15
14
11
11
14
13
10
12
14
14
14
12
Nuclear ..........................................
908
929
1,007
935
966
882
1,002
885
955
923
982
920
945
934
Hydropower (c) ..............................
150
147
134
116
146
103
98
121
157
113
106
120
137
117
218
239
181
215
239
254
203
238
257
283
236
279
213
233
13
13
14
13
13
13
14
13
14
14
15
14
13
13
4,705
4,803
5,526
4,660
5,089
4,862
5,558
4,608
4,978
4,931
5,620
4,663
4,925
5,030
Midwest Census Region
Coal ...............................................
1,656
1,500
1,753
1,599
1,805
1,440
1,699
1,624
1,744
1,477
1,784
1,627
1,627
1,642
Natural Gas ...................................
197
186
244
176
194
179
174
155
172
175
223
160
201
175
Petroleum (a) ................................
11
10
12
13
14
13
12
10
12
10
12
10
11
12
Other Gases ..................................
11
11
13
12
11
12
14
13
11
12
15
13
12
12
Nuclear ..........................................
548
476
534
549
533
543
583
498
538
520
553
513
527
540
Hydropower (c) ..............................
30
41
35
26
30
42
38
28
33
47
41
28
33
34
216
199
141
221
251
213
162
231
245
235
169
254
194
214
4
4
5
4
4
5
5
4
4
5
5
4
4
4
2,673
2,429
2,737
2,599
2,841
2,446
2,686
2,564
2,759
2,480
2,802
2,610
2,609
2,634
West Census Region
Coal ...............................................
605
547
620
596
587
497
651
633
587
529
644
623
592
592
Natural Gas ...................................
555
504
790
647
558
489
784
634
562
479
764
608
625
617
Petroleum (a) ................................
24
23
23
23
24
21
23
25
24
24
24
24
23
23
Other Gases ..................................
6
6
6
6
5
5
6
6
5
5
6
6
6
6
Nuclear ..........................................
159
150
173
152
160
164
172
150
162
156
166
154
158
161
Hydropower (c) ..............................
442
592
443
364
418
585
440
335
439
580
444
380
460
444
217
249
222
210
236
290
250
219
233
314
288
235
225
249
4
3
4
4
4
3
4
4
4
4
5
4
4
4
2,013
2,075
2,281
2,003
1,992
2,054
2,330
2,005
2,016
2,091
2,341
2,034
2,093
2,096
(a) Residual fuel oil, distillate fuel oil, petroleum coke, and other petroleum liquids.
(b) Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, nonrenewable waste, and miscellaneous technologies.
(c) Conventional hydroelectric and pumped storage generation.
(d) Wind, biomass, geothermal, and solar generation.
Notes: Data reflect generation supplied by electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants operated by electric utilities, independent power producers, and
the commercial and industrial sectors. The approximate break between historical and forecast values is shown with historical data printed in bold; estimates and forecasts in italics.
Historical data: Latest data available from U.S. Energy Information Administration Electric Power Monthly and Electric Power Annual.
2015
4,369
3,118
68
33
2,120
737
536
120
58
46
64
-12
35
11,291
258
527
5
2
484
103
67
12
1,458
1,856
1,805
28
13
945
124
264
14
5,049
1,658
183
11
13
531
37
226
4
2,663
596
604
24
6
160
461
268
4
2,121
Table 7e. U.S. Regional Fuel Consumption for Electricity Generation, All Sectors
2013
1st
2nd
3rd
Fuel Consumption for Electricity Generation, All Sectors
United States
Coal (thousand st/d) ...................
2,361
2,207
2,586
Natural Gas (million cf/d) ...........
20,952 21,902 28,751
Petroleum (thousand b/d) ..........
128
127
144
Residual Fuel Oil .....................
38
28
36
Distillate Fuel Oil .....................
26
24
27
Petroleum Coke (a) .................
59
72
78
Other Petroleum Liquids (b) ....
5
3
4
Northeast Census Region
149
125
132
3,415
3,668
4,716
20
7
15
South Census Region
940
937
1,119
11,919 12,884 16,050
52
67
72
Midwest Census Region
933
842
989
1,530
1,518
2,064
20
17
20
West Census Region
340
302
346
4,089
3,832
5,922
37
35
36
2014
4th
1st
2nd
2015
3rd
4th
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
2013
Year
2014
2015
2,278
21,615
119
30
26
60
4
2,582
20,530
258
86
85
70
17
2,169
21,903
110
24
23
61
2
2,547
27,775
119
28
25
62
4
2,309
20,756
115
27
29
55
5
2,459
20,980
133
27
33
66
8
2,135
22,693
115
26
25
60
5
2,562
29,207
126
28
26
66
5
2,241
21,594
111
24
26
56
5
2,358
23,322
129
33
25
67
4
2,402
22,755
150
41
40
62
7
2,349
23,636
121
26
28
62
6
108
3,352
11
164
3,153
92
116
3,659
4
110
4,692
6
117
3,463
7
157
3,508
13
94
3,976
7
121
4,925
10
108
3,723
7
128
3,790
13
127
3,745
27
120
4,036
9
933
12,043
47
1,084
11,689
103
969
13,113
52
1,117
15,817
57
926
11,457
50
995
12,016
62
923
13,678
53
1,079
16,684
58
870
12,161
46
983
13,232
60
1,023
13,026
65
967
13,643
55
902
1,441
23
1,006
1,587
27
811
1,441
23
958
1,388
20
911
1,199
20
977
1,347
21
826
1,420
19
1,003
1,842
20
913
1,256
20
917
1,639
20
921
1,403
23
930
1,467
20
335
4,779
37
328
4,101
37
274
3,690
31
363
5,878
36
356
4,637
39
329
4,109
37
292
3,618
37
359
5,756
38
350
4,454
38
331
4,661
36
330
4,582
36
333
4,489
38
End-of-period U.S. Fuel Inventories Held by Electric Power Sector

Coal (million short tons) ................
171.5
170.5
152.2
148.0
118.0
132.9
123.5
130.8
133.5
141.8
128.1
133.6
148.0
130.8
Residual Fuel Oil (mmb) ...............
12.9
12.1
12.2
12.9
10.5
10.7
10.9
11.5
11.6
11.6
11.4
11.4
12.9
11.5
Distillate Fuel Oil (mmb) ...............
16.2
15.9
15.5
15.7
15.4
15.6
15.5
15.7
15.7
15.5
15.4
15.6
15.7
15.7
Petroleum Coke (mmb) .................
2.0
2.0
1.5
1.9
1.7
2.0
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
1.9
2.1
(a) Petroleum coke consumption converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by five.
(b) Other petroleum liquids include jet fuel, kerosene, and waste oil.
Notes: Data reflect generation supplied by electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants operated by electric utilities, independent power producers, and
the commercial and industrial sectors. Data include fuel consumed only for generation of electricity. Values do not include consumption by CHP plants for useful thermal output.
The approximate break between historical and forecast values is shown with historical data printed in bold; estimates and forecasts in italics.
Physical Units: st/d = short tons per day; b/d = barrels per day; cf/d = cubic feet per day; mmb = million barrels.
Historical data: Latest data available from U.S. Energy Information Administration Electric Power Monthly and Electric Power Annual.
133.6
11.4
15.6
2.5
Table 8. U.S. Renewable Energy Consumption (Quadrillion Btu)

2013
1st
2nd
2014
3rd
4th
1st
2nd
2015
3rd
4th
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
2013
Year
2014
2015
Electric Power Sector

Hydroelectric Power (a) ..............
0.621
0.759
0.619
0.529
0.595
0.731
0.587
0.515
0.632
0.743
0.605
0.553
2.529
2.427
2.533
Wood Biomass (b) .......................
0.049
0.045
0.056
0.056
0.065
0.059
0.068
0.064
0.066
0.060
0.074
0.067
0.207
0.256
0.267
Waste Biomass (c) ......................

Wind ..........................................
0.062
0.420
0.065
0.450
0.065
0.309
0.067
0.416
0.061
0.473
0.062
0.475
0.068
0.341
0.069
0.436
0.066
0.467
0.069
0.515
0.073
0.384
0.071
0.495
0.258
1.595
0.260
1.725
0.279
1.861
Geothermal ...............................
Solar ...........................................
0.040
0.013
0.039
0.023
0.039
0.026
0.039
0.023
0.038
0.028
0.039
0.051
0.039
0.053
0.040
0.033
0.040
0.034
0.039
0.070
0.041
0.072
0.041
0.042
0.157
0.085
0.157
0.165
0.161
0.218
Subtotal ...................................
1.206
1.380
1.115
1.130
1.260
1.417
1.163
1.157
1.304
1.497
1.249
1.269
4.831
4.997
5.319
Industrial Sector
0.009
0.008
0.007
0.007
0.008
0.005
0.007
0.007
0.006
0.006
0.007
0.007
0.032
0.027
0.026
Wood Biomass (b) .......................
0.318
0.310
0.328
0.324
0.305
0.317
0.313
0.308
0.296
0.291
0.305
0.309
1.281
1.243
1.201
Waste Biomass (c) ......................

Geothermal ...............................
0.042
0.001
0.042
0.001
0.043
0.001
0.044
0.001
0.042
0.001
0.042
0.001
0.045
0.001
0.044
0.001
0.043
0.001
0.041
0.001
0.045
0.001
0.045
0.001
0.171
0.004
0.173
0.004
0.174
0.004
Subtotal ...................................
0.374
0.366
0.384
0.380
0.359
0.370
0.371
0.364
0.351
0.343
0.362
0.365
1.505
1.464
1.422
Commercial Sector
Wood Biomass (b) .......................
0.017
0.017
0.018
0.018
0.018
0.018
0.021
0.023
0.023
0.022
0.023
0.023
0.070
0.079
0.091
Waste Biomass (c) ......................
0.012
0.011
0.011
0.012
0.011
0.011
0.012
0.012
0.012
0.011
0.012
0.012
0.046
0.046
0.047
Geothermal ...............................
Subtotal ...................................
0.005
0.035
0.005
0.034
0.005
0.035
0.005
0.036
0.005
0.035
0.005
0.034
0.005
0.039
0.005
0.040
0.005
0.040
0.005
0.038
0.005
0.041
0.005
0.041
0.020
0.140
0.020
0.148
0.020
0.160
Residential Sector
Wood Biomass (b) .......................
0.143
0.145
0.146
0.146
0.143
0.145
0.146
0.146
0.141
0.142
0.144
0.144
0.580
0.580
0.571
Geothermal ...............................
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.040
0.039
0.039
Solar (d) ......................................

Subtotal ...................................
0.054
0.207
0.055
0.209
0.055
0.211
0.055
0.211
0.062
0.215
0.063
0.217
0.063
0.220
0.063
0.220
0.075
0.226
0.076
0.228
0.076
0.230
0.076
0.230
0.219
0.839
0.252
0.871
0.303
0.914
Transportation Sector
Ethanol (e) ...................................
0.256
0.282
0.280
0.282
0.263
0.284
0.290
0.278
0.267
0.281
0.281
0.277
1.100
1.115
1.107
0.033
0.288
0.046
0.328
0.056
0.336
0.071
0.353
0.040
0.303
0.048
0.332
0.055
0.342
0.051
0.329
0.047
0.314
0.049
0.330
0.050
0.331
0.051
0.328
0.205
1.306
0.194
1.306
0.196
1.303
Biodiesel (e) ................................

Subtotal ...................................
All Sectors Total
0.631
0.767
0.627
0.536
0.602
0.736
0.594
0.522
0.638
0.749
0.612
0.560
2.561
2.455
2.559
Wood Biomass (b) .......................

Waste Biomass (c) ......................
Wind ..........................................
0.528
0.117
0.420
0.517
0.118
0.450
0.549
0.119
0.309
0.544
0.123
0.416
0.530
0.114
0.473
0.539
0.115
0.475
0.550
0.125
0.341
0.541
0.126
0.436
0.526
0.120
0.467
0.515
0.121
0.515
0.546
0.130
0.384
0.543
0.128
0.495
2.138
0.476
1.595
2.159
0.480
1.725
2.130
0.499
1.861
Geothermal ...............................
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.054
0.055
0.055
0.056
0.056
Solar ...........................................
0.068
0.078
0.082
0.079
0.091
0.116
0.117
0.096
0.109
Ethanol (e) ...................................
0.260
0.287
0.285
0.287
0.268
0.289
0.284
0.283
0.272
Biodiesel (e) ................................
0.033
0.046
0.056
0.071
0.040
0.048
0.055
0.051
0.047
Total Consumption .......................
2.111
2.318
2.082
2.111
2.173
2.372
2.134
2.110
2.234
(a) Conventional hydroelectric power only. Hydroelectricity generated by pumped storage is not included in renewable energy.
(b) Wood and wood-derived fuels.
0.055
0.146
0.286
0.049
2.436
0.056
0.149
0.286
0.050
2.213
0.057
0.118
0.282
0.051
2.235
0.221
0.307
1.120
0.205
8.622
0.220
0.419
1.123
0.194
8.789
0.224
0.522
1.127
0.196
9.118
(c) Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass.
(d) Includes small-scale solar thermal and photovoltaic energy used in the commercial, industrial, and electric power sectors.
(e) Fuel ethanol and biodiesel consumption in the transportation sector includes production, stock change, and imports less exports. Some biodiesel may be consumed in the residential
sector in heating oil.
Historical data: Latest data available from EIA databases supporting the following reports: Electric Power Monthly, DOE/EIA-0226 and Renewable Energy Annual, DOE/EIA-0603;
Petroleum Supply Monthly, DOE/EIA-0109.
Table 9a. U.S. Macroeconomic Indicators and CO2 Emissions

Macroeconomic
Real Gross Domestic Product
(billion chained 2009 dollars - SAAR) ........
Real Personal Consumption Expend.
Real Fixed Investment
Business Inventory Change
Real Government Expenditures
Real Exports of Goods & Services
Real Imports of Goods & Services
Real Disposable Personal Income
Non-Farm Employment
(millions) ..................................................
Civilian Unemployment Rate
(percent) ..................................................
Housing Starts
(millions - SAAR) .......................................
1st
2013
2nd
3rd
2013
Year
2014
2015
15,538
15,607
15,780
15,916
15,832
15,994
16,683
15,710
16,055
16,524
10,614
10,660
10,713
10,811
10,844
11,259
11,333
10,700
10,934
11,223
2,428
2,457
2,497
2,535
2,780
2,832
2,884
2,479
2,615
2,808
44
51
111
73
58
55
51
74
77
59
2,900
2,901
2,893
2,894
2,895
2,895
2,900
2,894
2,882
2,896
1,972
2,085
2,118
2,145
2,169
2,190
2,208
2,020
2,076
2,178
2,540
2,520
2,536
2,576
2,606
2,640
2,676
2,440
2,518
2,625
11,810
11,932
11,988
12,023
12,126
12,194
12,276
12,362
11,651
11,938
12,240
137.2
137.8
138.5
139.2
139.9
140.5
141.1
141.7
142.2
136.4
138.8
141.4
7.2
7.0
6.7
6.2
6.1
6.0
5.8
5.8
5.8
5.7
7.4
6.3
5.8
0.86
0.88
1.03
0.93
0.99
1.05
1.10
1.16
1.23
1.31
1.39
0.93
1.01
1.27
91.0
90.5
95.4
92.5
99.4
97.5
104.2
85.6
95.5
87.8
73.4
99.4
90.9
90.3
95.6
92.6
100.1
97.9
104.3
85.1
96.2
87.5
74.3
100.8
91.3
91.1
96.2
93.0
101.3
99.0
105.2
83.9
96.7
87.7
74.7
103.1
92.0
92.2
97.2
93.9
102.2
99.4
106.1
82.4
97.7
87.7
75.5
101.9
91.8
92.3
97.1
93.6
103.6
101.2
106.6
83.3
98.2
88.6
77.5
105.6
93.5
93.9
99.0
94.7
104.4
102.4
106.1
82.8
98.2
89.6
80.1
108.8
94.7
94.9
100.2
95.5
105.9
103.6
106.7
83.6
98.6
90.0
81.1
109.3
95.4
95.7
101.1
96.3
106.8
104.4
107.4
84.0
99.0
90.7
82.3
110.8
96.4
96.7
102.2
97.1
107.4
105.2
108.0
84.2
99.2
91.3
83.8
110.8
96.9
97.6
102.9
97.7
108.3
106.0
108.6
84.7
99.5
91.9
85.7
112.1
97.9
98.7
104.0
98.6
109.1
106.9
109.2
85.1
99.8
92.4
87.9
113.4
98.8
99.7
105.0
99.3
99.9
97.9
104.5
85.0
96.2
87.5
74.0
100.8
91.3
91.0
96.1
93.0
104.0
101.6
106.4
83.0
98.2
89.0
78.5
106.4
93.9
94.2
99.4
95.0
107.9
105.6
108.3
84.5
99.4
91.6
84.9
111.8
97.5
98.2
103.5
98.2
Price Indexes
Consumer Price Index (all urban consumers)
(index, 1982-1984=1.00) ............................
Producer Price Index: All Commodities
(index, 1982=1.00) ....................................
Producer Price Index: Petroleum
(index, 1982=1.00) ....................................
GDP Implicit Price Deflator
(index, 2009=100) .....................................
2.32
2.32
2.33
2.34
2.35
2.37
2.38
2.39
2.40
2.41
2.42
2.43
2.33
2.37
2.41
2.04
2.03
2.04
2.03
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.07
2.08
2.08
2.09
2.10
2.03
2.07
2.09
3.01
2.96
2.99
2.83
2.88
2.99
2.87
2.71
2.76
2.89
2.88
2.76
2.95
2.86
2.82
106.2
106.5
106.9
107.3
107.7
108.3
108.5
109.1
109.7
110.1
110.5
111.2
106.7
108.4
110.4
Miscellaneous
Vehicle Miles Traveled (b)
(million miles/day) ......................................
Air Travel Capacity
(Available ton-miles/day, thousands) ..........
Aircraft Utilization
(Revenue ton-miles/day, thousands) ..........
Airline Ticket Price Index
(index, 1982-1984=100) .............................
Raw Steel Production
(million short tons per day) ........................
7,664
8,459
8,375
7,997
7,615
8,574
8,471
8,106
7,755
8,602
8,491
8,127
8,125
8,194
8,245
507
536
542
516
503
545
550
518
510
553
555
520
526
529
535
309
337
342
322
310
345
352
323
314
351
355
326
328
333
337
310.4
323.5
307.0
309.9
297.3
334.3
300.1
292.6
309.0
345.2
328.5
311.9
312.7
306.1
323.7
0.259
0.267
0.267
0.260
0.262
0.263
0.271
0.267
0.271
0.280
0.264
0.255
0.263
0.266
0.267
563
290
403
1,256
581
299
471
1,351
578
378
421
1,377
557
456
462
1,475
568
294
396
1,258
579
299
467
1,345
575
366
427
1,368
557
432
443
1,431
571
302
392
1,264
582
311
469
1,362
576
373
416
1,366
2,272
1,391
1,722
5,385
2,279
1,414
1,753
5,446
2,286
1,418
1,720
5,424
1st
2nd
2015
4th
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
16,133
16,260
16,371
16,466
16,575
10,910
10,947
11,035
11,115
11,186
2,536
2,586
2,650
2,686
2,736
91
40
99
90
79
2,902
2,875
2,869
2,879
2,887
2,003
2,028
2,077
2,027
2,076
2,399
2,449
2,452
2,460
2,474
11,539
11,647
11,706
11,712
135.5
136.1
136.6
7.7
7.5
0.95
Industrial Production Indices (Index, 2007=100)

Total Industrial Production ...........................
99.0
Manufacturing ..........................................
97.1
Food ....................................................
104.0
Paper ...................................................
85.3
Petroleum and Coal Products ................
96.6
Chemicals .............................................
87.1
Nonmetallic Mineral Products ................
73.5
Primary Metals ......................................
99.7
Coal-weighted Manufacturing (a) ..............
Distillate-weighted Manufacturing (a) ........
Electricity-weighted Manufacturing (a) .......
Natural Gas-weighted Manufacturing (a) ...
2014
4th
3rd
Carbon Dioxide (CO 2) Emissions (million metric tons)

Petroleum ...................................................
Natural Gas .................................................
Coal ............................................................
Total Fossil Fuels ........................................
550
424
427
1,401
SAAR = Seasonally-adjusted annual rate
(a) Fuel share weights of individual sector indices based on EIA Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey .
(b) Total highway travel includes gasoline and diesel fuel vehicles.
Historical data : Latest data available from U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis; Federal Reserve System, Statistical release G17; Federal Highway Administration;
and Federal Aviation Administration. Minor discrepancies with published historical data are due to independent rounding.
Projections: EIA Regional Short-Term Energy Model. Macroeconomic projections are based on Global Insight Model of the U.S. Economy.
Table 9b. U.S. Regional Macroeconomic Data

2013
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
Real Gross State Product (Billion $2009)
New England ................
848
847
858
863
Middle Atlantic ..............
2,329
2,352
2,365
2,381
E. N. Central .................
2,168
2,173
2,180
2,199
W. N. Central ................
1,019
1,017
1,031
1,038
S. Atlantic ......................
2,770
2,771
2,792
2,820
E. S. Central .................
720
718
726
730
W. S. Central ................
1,872
1,888
1,915
1,938
Mountain .......................
1,005
1,013
1,022
1,034
Pacific ...........................
2,733
2,753
2,814
2,838
Industrial Output, Manufacturing (Index, Year 2007=100)
New England ................
95.3
95.5
95.6
96.2
93.2
93.3
93.4
94.1
E. N. Central .................
98.5
98.8
99.3
100.9
W. N. Central ................
100.2
100.6
100.9
102.3
S. Atlantic ......................
92.7
93.0
93.5
94.6
E. S. Central .................
94.6
95.0
95.7
96.8
W. S. Central ................
102.1
102.3
102.6
104.0
Mountain .......................
98.7
99.2
99.7
100.9
Pacific ...........................
98.0
98.5
98.9
99.9
Real Personal Income (Billion $2009)
New England ................
742
749
750
753
1,991
2,014
2,020
2,024
E. N. Central .................
1,832
1,848
1,844
1,847
W. N. Central ................
869
872
879
873
S. Atlantic ......................
2,440
2,462
2,464
2,471
E. S. Central .................
647
650
652
652
W. S. Central ................
1,486
1,502
1,513
1,515
Mountain .......................
838
850
852
854
Pacific ...........................
2,219
2,246
2,273
2,283
Households (Thousands)
New England ................
5,771
5,781
5,791
5,800
15,893 15,927 15,958 15,984
E. N. Central .................
18,449 18,486 18,516 18,541
W. N. Central ................
8,355
8,382
8,407
8,429
S. Atlantic ...................... 24,064 24,160 24,254 24,341
E. S. Central .................
7,445
7,460
7,472
7,482
W. S. Central ................
13,877 13,930 13,981 14,029
Mountain .......................
8,584
8,623
8,662
8,698
Pacific ...........................
17,938 17,995 18,054 18,102
Total Non-farm Employment (Millions)
New England ................
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
18.5
18.5
18.6
18.6
E. N. Central .................
20.8
20.8
20.9
21.0
W. N. Central ................
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.3
S. Atlantic ......................
25.6
25.7
25.8
26.0
E. S. Central .................
7.5
7.6
7.6
7.6
W. S. Central ................
15.8
15.9
15.9
16.0
Mountain .......................
9.4
9.5
9.5
9.6
Pacific ...........................
20.5
20.6
20.8
20.9
2014
1st
2nd
2015
3rd
4th
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
2013
Year
2014
2015
858
2,365
2,186
1,031
2,807
724
1,936
1,028
2,821
864
2,383
2,205
1,042
2,838
732
1,964
1,039
2,853
870
2,398
2,218
1,050
2,862
737
1,991
1,050
2,881
876
2,413
2,233
1,059
2,886
743
2,008
1,059
2,906
881
2,428
2,247
1,066
2,908
748
2,022
1,067
2,928
885
2,438
2,256
1,072
2,925
752
2,038
1,075
2,947
889
2,452
2,267
1,079
2,946
757
2,054
1,083
2,969
894
2,466
2,278
1,086
2,966
761
2,071
1,092
2,990
854
2,357
2,180
1,026
2,788
723
1,903
1,019
2,785
867
2,390
2,210
1,045
2,848
734
1,975
1,044
2,865
887
2,446
2,262
1,076
2,936
754
2,046
1,079
2,958
96.6
94.1
101.6
102.8
94.9
97.0
104.7
101.5
100.0
98.1
95.0
103.2
105.0
96.7
98.8
106.9
103.5
101.5
98.8
95.9
104.6
106.2
98.0
100.4
108.3
104.8
102.6
99.9
96.9
106.0
107.3
98.9
101.4
109.5
106.2
103.8
100.6
97.7
107.0
108.2
99.6
102.4
110.5
107.1
104.6
101.1
98.3
107.9
109.0
100.1
103.2
111.3
107.9
105.3
101.8
99.0
108.7
109.9
100.8
104.1
112.3
109.0
106.1
102.5
99.8
109.5
110.8
101.5
104.9
113.4
110.1
106.8
95.7
93.5
99.4
101.0
93.4
95.5
102.8
99.6
98.8
98.4
95.5
103.8
105.3
97.1
99.4
107.3
104.0
102.0
101.5
98.7
108.3
109.5
100.5
103.6
111.9
108.5
105.7
761
2,046
1,863
875
2,493
659
1,532
863
2,297
765
2,056
1,878
888
2,519
665
1,551
871
2,320
769
2,066
1,884
890
2,534
668
1,562
877
2,335
773
2,079
1,891
893
2,547
670
1,574
883
2,349
780
2,098
1,910
903
2,575
678
1,593
893
2,374
785
2,108
1,922
910
2,594
682
1,607
901
2,393
789
2,119
1,931
916
2,612
686
1,620
908
2,411
794
2,135
1,943
924
2,633
691
1,634
916
2,432
748
2,012
1,843
873
2,459
650
1,504
848
2,255
767
2,062
1,879
887
2,523
665
1,555
873
2,325
787
2,115
1,927
913
2,603
684
1,613
904
2,402
5,811
16,021
18,580
8,456
24,445
7,498
14,084
8,741
18,166
5,820
16,049
18,604
8,478
24,534
7,510
14,132
8,778
18,212
5,834
16,086
18,645
8,506
24,640
7,528
14,192
8,823
18,274
5,846
16,116
18,676
8,530
24,736
7,542
14,247
8,865
18,331
5,857
16,147
18,705
8,555
24,832
7,558
14,303
8,907
18,391
5,868
16,175
18,736
8,580
24,927
7,574
14,360
8,949
18,450
5,881
16,210
18,774
8,607
25,029
7,595
14,422
8,994
18,517
5,894
16,245
18,813
8,634
25,132
7,616
14,484
9,040
18,579
5,800
15,984
18,541
8,429
24,341
7,482
14,029
8,698
18,102
5,846
16,116
18,676
8,530
24,736
7,542
14,247
8,865
18,331
5,894
16,245
18,813
8,634
25,132
7,616
14,484
9,040
18,579
7.1
18.6
21.0
10.3
26.1
7.6
16.2
9.7
21.0
7.1
18.7
21.0
10.4
26.2
7.7
16.3
9.7
21.1
7.1
18.8
21.1
10.4
26.4
7.7
16.4
9.8
21.3
7.2
18.8
21.2
10.5
26.5
7.7
16.5
9.9
21.4
7.2
18.9
21.2
10.5
26.6
7.8
16.6
9.9
21.5
7.2
19.0
21.3
10.5
26.8
7.8
16.7
10.0
21.6
7.2
19.0
21.4
10.6
26.9
7.8
16.8
10.0
21.7
7.2
19.1
21.4
10.6
27.0
7.9
16.9
10.1
21.8
7.0
18.5
20.8
10.2
25.8
7.6
15.9
9.5
20.7
7.1
18.7
21.1
10.4
26.3
7.7
16.4
9.8
21.2
7.2
19.0
21.4
10.6
26.8
7.8
16.7
10.0
21.6
Historical data: Latest data available from U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis; Federal Reserve System, Statistical release G17.
Projections: Macroeconomic projections are based on the Global Insight Model of the U.S. Economy.
Table 9c. U.S. Regional Weather Data

2013
1st
2nd
Heating Degree Days

New England .................
3,120
847
Middle Atlantic ...............
2,950
694
E. N. Central ..................
3,289
759
W. N. Central .................
3,407
904
South Atlantic ................
1,518
211
E. S. Central ..................
1,932
287
W. S. Central .................
1,179
138
Mountain ........................
2,416
731
Pacific ............................
1,563
499
U.S. Average .............
2,222
510
Heating Degree Days, Prior 10-year Average
New England .................
3,197
860
2,937
678
E. N. Central ..................
3,132
696
W. N. Central .................
3,210
667
1,474
198
E. S. Central ..................
1,819
231
W. S. Central .................
1,177
79
Mountain ........................
2,237
728
Pacific ............................
1,534
645
U.S. Average .............
2,172
499
Cooling Degree Days
New England .................
0
96
0
156
E. N. Central ..................
0
213
W. N. Central .................
0
231
107
591
E. S. Central ..................
14
453
W. S. Central .................
74
781
Mountain ........................
23
479
Pacific ............................
26
216
U.S. Average .............
36
377
Cooling Degree Days, Prior 10-year Average
New England .................
0
77
0
159
E. N. Central ..................
3
220
W. N. Central .................
7
273
112
633
E. S. Central ..................
36
525
W. S. Central .................
100
889
Mountain ........................
17
411
Pacific ............................
26
159
U.S. Average .............
42
387
2014
3rd
4th
1st
2nd
167
128
119
100
20
15
1
126
83
76
2,297
2,062
2,456
2,723
987
1,415
1,012
1,995
1,231
1,660
3,566
3,438
3,935
3,861
1,714
2,270
1,488
2,128
1,256
2,454
886
705
726
753
196
230
92
714
472
481
129
84
122
156
14
21
6
158
94
77
2,158
1,978
2,212
2,362
1,009
1,323
801
1,869
1,236
1,558
3,152
2,905
3,117
3,209
1,465
1,810
1,158
2,267
1,555
2,161
444
523
471
656
1,038
918
1,512
912
594
803
0
6
6
7
254
58
164
50
49
86
416
560
548
684
1,157
1,049
1,494
934
598
844
1
4
6
9
208
57
194
77
63
84
2015
3rd
2nd
3rd
4th
2013
Year
2014
4th
1st
194
113
193
192
19
26
7
111
46
86
2,166
1,967
2,227
2,415
986
1,328
856
1,857
1,035
1,520
3,173
2,915
3,134
3,200
1,475
1,867
1,264
2,183
1,278
2,114
874
683
731
686
214
266
97
651
494
478
136
93
126
152
16
22
5
136
91
77
2,179
2,005
2,246
2,435
1,001
1,331
825
1,834
1,123
1,540
6,430
5,835
6,623
7,133
2,737
3,649
2,331
5,267
3,376
4,469
6,812
6,224
7,081
7,221
2,916
3,854
2,443
4,811
2,809
4,541
6,362
5,695
6,238
6,472
2,706
3,485
2,190
4,805
2,987
4,208
836
660
690
686
194
236
85
728
625
492
134
88
120
149
14
19
5
156
96
77
2,167
1,983
2,243
2,404
1,006
1,336
827
1,887
1,236
1,569
3,166
2,935
3,192
3,272
1,481
1,853
1,190
2,259
1,534
2,183
838
666
694
691
196
236
86
730
622
493
139
91
126
151
14
20
5
146
91
77
2,156
1,976
2,248
2,423
1,008
1,350
835
1,882
1,211
1,565
6,344
5,678
6,161
6,394
2,694
3,393
2,063
4,993
3,510
4,306
6,289
5,635
6,170
6,448
2,679
3,402
2,075
5,038
3,512
4,299
6,300
5,669
6,261
6,538
2,699
3,458
2,116
5,018
3,458
4,319
0
0
0
0
107
6
33
31
39
34
75
155
231
263
640
505
777
438
222
392
366
445
394
553
1,080
948
1,449
882
714
792
1
6
8
11
228
66
188
78
76
92
0
0
0
3
112
27
69
19
31
39
83
163
216
274
616
494
827
449
199
390
407
548
544
685
1,135
1,037
1,483
975
574
843
0
5
8
11
230
66
196
86
74
94
540
685
689
893
1,990
1,442
2,531
1,465
885
1,303
442
606
633
827
2,055
1,525
2,447
1,430
1,051
1,309
490
716
767
972
2,093
1,625
2,575
1,529
879
1,365
0
0
3
7
109
35
102
18
26
41
83
167
230
277
636
528
882
420
166
393
417
558
546
678
1,153
1,045
1,506
922
588
843
1
5
6
9
212
57
190
71
58
83
0
0
3
7
109
33
94
17
26
40
85
168
234
282
634
526
883
424
170
395
422
559
546
685
1,156
1,056
1,519
931
603
851
1
6
7
9
213
52
180
74
61
83
494
724
778
974
2,110
1,667
2,676
1,440
847
1,357
500
731
785
972
2,111
1,666
2,680
1,432
838
1,360
508
732
789
983
2,113
1,667
2,676
1,445
860
1,370
Notes: Regional degree days for each period are calculated by EIA as contemporaneous period population-weighted averages of
state degree day data published by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
See Change in Regional and U.S. Degree-Day Calculations (http://www.eia.gov/forecasts/steo/special/pdf/2012_sp_04.pdf) for more information.
The approximate break between historical and forecast values is shown with historical data printed in bold; estimates and forecasts in italics.
Regions refer to U.S. Census divisions. See "Census division" in EIAs Energy Glossary (http://www.eia.gov/tools/glossary/) for a list of states in each region.
Historical data: Latest data available from U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association (NOAA).
Projections: Based on forecasts by the NOAA Climate Prediction Center (http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/pacdir/DDdir/NHOME3.shtml).
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October2014

Short-Term Energy and Winter Fuels Outlook (STEO)

U.S. Energy Information Administration

Short-Term Energy Outlook

West Texas Intermediate (WTI) Crude Oil Price

Historical spot price

Source: Short-Term Energy Outlook, October 2014.

U.S. Gasoline and Crude Oil Prices

Source: Short-Term Energy Outlook, October 2014.

U.S. Diesel Fuel and Crude Oil Prices

Source: Short-Term Energy Outlook, October 2014.

Henry Hub Natural Gas Price

Historical spot price

Source: Short-Term Energy Outlook, October 2014.

U.S. Natural Gas Prices

Source: Short-Term Energy Outlook, October 2014.

World Liquid Fuels Production and

million barrels per day (MMbbl/d)

Implied stock change and balance (right axis)

World production (left axis)

World consumption (left axis)

Source: Short-Term Energy Outlook, October 2014.

Estimated Historical Unplanned OPEC

Estimated Historical Unplanned Non-OPEC

Source: Short-Term Energy Outlook, October 2014.

World Liquid Fuels Consumption

annual change (MMbbl/d)

Change in U.S. consumption (right axis)

Change in China consumption (right axis)

Change in other consumption (right axis)

Total world consumption (left axis)

Source: Short-Term Energy Outlook, October 2014.

World Liquid Fuels Consumption Growth

Former Soviet Union

* Countries belonging to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development

Source: Short-Term Energy Outlook, October 2014.

World Crude Oil and Liquid Fuels Production Growth

Source: Short-Term Energy Outlook, October 2014.

Non-OPEC Crude Oil and Liquid Fuels Production Growth

Other North Sea

Source: Short-Term Energy Outlook, October 2014.

World Consumption and Non-OPEC Production Growth

million barrels per day

World oil consumption growth (left axis)

Non-OPEC production growth (left axis)

Change in WTI price (right axis)

Source: Short-Term Energy Outlook, October 2014.

OPEC surplus crude oil production capacity

Source: Short-Term Energy Outlook, October 2014.

OECD Commercial Crude Oil Stocks

Source: Short-Term Energy Outlook, October 2014.

U.S. Crude Oil and Liquid Fuels Production

annual change (MMbbl/d)

Source: Short-Term Energy Outlook, October 2014.

U.S. Commercial Crude Oil Stocks

Source: Short-Term Energy Outlook, October 2014.

U.S. Liquid Fuels Consumption

annual change (MMbbl/d)

Source: Short-Term Energy Outlook, October 2014.

U.S. Gasoline and Distillate Inventories

Source: Short-Term Energy Outlook, October 2014.

U.S. Natural Gas Consumption

annual change (Bcf/d)