Chapter 5: Discrete Probability Distributions

136 Discrete Probability Distributions
CHAPTER 5: DISCRETE PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS

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TYPE: 5C DI66ICULTY: 5o(r!t
7EY4ORDS: -i&o'i!% (istri-)tio&, '!&
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TYPE: 5C DI66ICULTY: Diffi$)%t
7EY4ORDS: -i&o'i!% (istri-)tio&
3. A probability distribution is an equation that
a) associates a particular probability of occurrence with each outcome in the sample space.
b) measures outcomes and assigns values of X to the simple events.
c) assigns a value to the variability in the sample space.
d) assigns a value to the center of the sample space.
ANSWER:
a
TYPE: MC DIFFICULTY: Moderate
7EY4ORDS: /ro-!-i%ity (istri-)tio&
Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
4. The connotation "expected value" or "expected gain" from playing roulette at a casino means
a) the amount you expect to "gain" on a single play.
b) the amount you expect to "gain" in the long run over many plays.
c) the amount you need to "break even" over many plays.
d) the amount you should expect to gain if you are lucky.
ANSWER:
b
TYPE: MC DIFFICULTY: Easy
7EY4ORDS: x/$t( :!%)
5. Which of the following about the binomial distribution is not a true statement?
a) The probability of event of interest must be constant from trial to trial.
b) Each outcome is independent of the other.
c) Each outcome may be classified as either "event of interest" or "not event of interest."
d) The random variable of interest is continuous.
ANSWER:
d
7EY4ORDS: -i&o'i!% (istri-)tio&, /ro/rtis
6. In a binomial distribution
a) the random variable X is continuous.
b) the probability of event of interest is stable from trial to trial.
c) the number of trials n must be at least 30.
d) the results of one trial are dependent on the results of the other trials.
ANSWER:
b
7. Whenever p = 0.5, the binomial distribution will
a) always be symmetric.
b) be symmetric only if n is large.
c) be right-skewed.
d) be left-skewed.
ANSWER:
a
Discrete Probability Distributions 138
8. Whenever p = 0.1 and n is small, the binomial distribution will be
a) symmetric.
b) right-skewed.
c) left-skewed.
d) None of the above.
ANSWER:
b
9. If n = 10 and p = 0.70, then the mean of the binomial distribution is
a) 0.07
b) 1.45.
c) 7.00
d) 14.29
ANSWER:
c
10. If n = 10 and p = 0.70, then the standard deviation of the binomial distribution is
a) 0.07
b) 1.45
c) 7.00
d) 14.29
ANSWER:
b
7EY4ORDS: -i&o'i!% (istri-)tio&, st!&(!r( (:i!tio&
11. If the outcomes of a random variable follow a Poisson distribution, then their
a) mean equals the standard deviation.
b) median equals the standard deviation.
c) mean equals the variance.
d) median equals the variance.
ANSWER:
c
7EY4ORDS: Poisso& (istri-)tio&, '!&, st!&(!r( (:i!tio&, /ro/rtis
12. What type of probability distribution will the consulting firm most likely employ to analyze the
insurance claims in the following problem?
An insurance company has called a consulting firm to determine if the company has an
unusually high number of false insurance claims. It is known that the industry proportion for
false claims is 3%. The consulting firm has decided to randomly and independently sample
100 of the companys insurance claims. They believe the number of these 100 that are false
will yield the information the company desires.
a) binomial distribution.
b) Poisson distribution.
c) normal distribution.
d) none of the above.
ANSWER:
a
TYPE: MC DIFFICULTY: Difficult
13. What type of probability distribution will most likely be used to analyze warranty repair needs on
new cars in the following problem?
The service manager for a new automobile dealership reviewed dealership records of the past
20 sales of new cars to determine the number of warranty repairs he will be called on to
perform in the next 90 days. Corporate reports indicate that the probability any one of their
new cars needs a warranty repair in the first 90 days is 0.05. The manager assumes that calls
for warranty repair are independent of one another and is interested in predicting the number
of warranty repairs he will be called on to perform in the next 90 days for this batch of 20
new cars sold.
ANSWER:
a
TYPE: MC DIFFICULTY: Difficult
14. What type of probability distribution will most likely be used to analyze the number of chocolate
chip parts per cookie in the following problem?
The quality control manager of Marilyns Cookies is inspecting a batch of chocolate chip
cookies. When the production process is in control, the average number of chocolate chip
parts per cookie is 6.0. The manager is interested in analyzing the probability that any
particular cookie being inspected has fewer than 5.0 chip parts.
ANSWER:
b
7EY4ORDS: Poisso& (istri-)tio&, /ro/rtis
15. A professor receives, on average, 24.7 e-mails from students the day before the midterm exam.
To compute the probability of receiving at least 10 e-mails on such a day, he will use what type
of probability distribution?
ANSWER:
b
16. A company has 125 personal computers. The probability that any one of them will require repair
on a given day is 0.025. To find the probability that exactly 20 of the computers will require
repair on a given day, one will use what type of probability distribution?
ANSWER:
a
17. On the average, 1.8 customers per minute arrive at any one of the checkout counters of a grocery
store. What type of probability distribution can be used to find out the probability that there will
be no customer arriving at a checkout counter?
ANSWER:
b
18. A multiple-choice test has 30 questions. There are 4 choices for each question. A student who
has not studied for the test decides to answer all questions randomly. What type of probability
distribution can be used to figure out his chance of getting at least 20 questions right?
ANSWER:
a
19. A lab orders 100 rats a week for each of the 52 weeks in the year for experiments that the lab
conducts. Suppose the mean cost of rats used in lab experiments turned out to be $13.00 per
week. Interpret this value.
a) Most of the weeks resulted in rat costs of $13.00.
b) The median cost for the distribution of rat costs is $13.00.
c) The expected or average cost for all weekly rat purchases is $13.00.
d) The rat cost that occurs more often than any other is $13.00.
ANSWER:
c
7EY4ORDS: '!&
20. A lab orders 100 rats a week for each of the 52 weeks in the year for experiments that the lab
conducts. Prices for 100 rats follow the following distribution:
Price: $10 .00 $12 .50 $15 .00
Probability: 0.35 0.40 0.25
How much should the lab budget for next years rat orders be, assuming this distribution does not
change?
a) $520
b) $637
c) $650
d) $780
ANSWER:
b
7EY4ORDS: '!&, /ro-!-i%ity (istri-)tio&
21. The local police department must write, on average, 5 tickets a day to keep department revenues
at budgeted levels. Suppose the number of tickets written per day follows a Poisson distribution
with a mean of 6.5 tickets per day. Interpret the value of the mean.
a) The number of tickets that is written most often is 6.5 tickets per day.
b) Half of the days have less than 6.5 tickets written and half of the days have more than 6.5
tickets written.
c) If we sampled all days, the arithmetic average or expected number of tickets written
would be 6.5 tickets per day.
d) The mean has no interpretation since 0.5 ticket can never be written.
ANSWER:
c
7EY4ORDS: '!&, Poisso& (istri-)tio&
22. True or False: The Poisson distribution can be used to model a continuous random variable.
ANSWER:
False
TYPE: TF DIFFICULTY: Easy
23. True or False: Another name for the mean of a probability distribution is its expected value.
ANSWER:
True
7EY4ORDS: '!&
24. True or False: The number of customers arriving at a department store in a 5-minute period has a
binomial distribution.
ANSWER:
False
25. True or False: The number of customers arriving at a department store in a 5-minute period has a
Poisson distribution.
ANSWER:
True
26. True or False: The number of males selected in a sample of 5 students taken without replacement
from a class of 9 females and 18 males has a binomial distribution.
ANSWER:
False
27. True or False: The diameters of 10 randomly selected bolts have a binomial distribution.
ANSWER:
False
28. True or False: The largest value that a Poisson random variable X can have is n.
ANSWER:
False
TYPE: TF DIFFICULTY: Moderate
29. True or False: In a Poisson distribution, the mean and standard deviation are equal.
ANSWER:
False
30. True or False: In a Poisson distribution, the mean and variance are equal.
ANSWER:
True

31. True or False: If p remains constant in a binomial distribution, an increase in n will increase the
variance.
ANSWER:
True
32. True or False: If p remains constant in a binomial distribution, an increase in n will not change
the mean.
ANSWER:
False
33. True or False: Suppose that a judges decisions follow a binomial distribution and that his verdict
is correct 90% of the time. In his next 10 decisions, the probability that he makes fewer than 2
incorrect verdicts is 0.736.
ANSWER:
True
7EY4ORDS: -i&o'i!% (istri-)tio&, /ro-!-i%ity
34. True or False: Suppose that the number of airplanes arriving at an airport per minute is a Poisson
process. The average number of airplanes arriving per minute is 3. The probability that exactly 6
planes arrive in the next minute is 0.0504.
ANSWER:
True
7EY4ORDS: Poisso& (istri-)tio&, /ro-!-i%ity
TABLE 5-1
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/rs&$ of s'o0 is #.". Yo) h!: 8 s)$h !%!r's i& yo)r ho' !&( thy o/r!t i&(/&(&t%y.
;5. Rfrri&9 to T!-% 5-1, th /ro-!-i%ity th!t -oth so)&( !& !%!r' i& th /rs&$ of s'o0 is
<<<<<<<<.
ANS4ER:
#.32
TYPE: 6I DI66ICULTY: 5o(r!t
;3. Rfrri&9 to T!-% 5-1, th /ro-!-i%ity th!t &ithr so)&( !& !%!r' i& th /rs&$ of s'o0 is
<<<<<<<<.
ANS4ER:
#.#2
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<<<<<<<<.
ANS4ER:
#.>3
TYPE: 6I DI66ICULTY: Diffi$)%t
TABLE 5-8
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thy (o &ot $o'/t .ith !$h othr, so it is r!so&!-% to -%i: th!t thir r%!ti: s)$$sss .o)%( -
i&(/&(&t+.
;". Rfrri&9 to T!-% 5-8, th /ro-!-i%ity th!t !%% ; -)si&sss s)$$( is <<<<<<<<.
ANS4ER:
#.813
;>. Rfrri&9 to T!-% 5-8, th /ro-!-i%ity th!t !%% ; -)si&sss f!i% is <<<<<<<<.
ANS4ER:
#.#32
2#. Rfrri&9 to T!-% 5-8, th /ro-!-i%ity th!t !t %!st 1 -)si&ss s)$$(s is <<<<<<<<.
ANS4ER:
#.>;3
21. Rfrri&9 to T!-% 5-8, th /ro-!-i%ity th!t x!$t%y 1 -)si&ss s)$$(s is <<<<<<<<.
ANS4ER:
#.8""
42. If X has a binomial distribution with n = 4 and p = 0.3, then P(X = 1) = ________ .
ANSWER:
0.4116
TYPE: FI DIFFICULTY: Easy
43. If X has a binomial distribution with n = 4 and p = 0.3, then P(X > 1) = ________ .
ANSWER:
0.3483
TYPE: FI DIFFICULTY: Moderate
44. If X has a binomial distribution with n = 5 and p = 0.1, then P(X = 2) = ________ .
ANSWER:
0.0729
45. Suppose that past history shows that 60% of college students prefer Brand C cola. A sample of 5
students is to be selected. The probability that exactly 1 prefers brand C is ________.
ANSWER:
0.0768
students is to be selected. The probability that at least 1 prefers brand C is ________.
ANSWER:
0.9898
students is to be selected. The probability that exactly 3 prefer brand C is ________.
ANSWER:
0.3456
students is to be selected. The probability that exactly 4 prefer brand C is ________.
ANSWER:
0.2592
students is to be selected. The probability that at most 2 prefer brand C is ________.
ANSWER:
0.3174
students is to be selected. The probability that more than 3 prefer brand C is ________.
ANSWER:
0.3370
students is to be selected. The probability that less than 2 prefer brand C is ________.
ANSWER:
0.0870
students is to be selected. The average number that you would expect to prefer brand C is
________.
ANSWER:
3
students is to be selected. The variance of the number that prefer brand C is ________.
ANSWER:
1.2
7EY4ORDS: -i&o'i!% (istri-)tio&, :!ri!&$
TABLE 5-3
The following table contains the probability distribution for X = the number of retransmissions
necessary to successfully transmit a 1024K data package through a double satellite media.
X 0 1 2 3
P(X) 0.35 0.35 0.25 0.05
54. Referring to Table 5-3, the probability of no retransmissions is ________.
ANSWER:
0.35
55. Referring to Table 5-3, the probability of at least one retransmission is ________.
ANSWER:
0.65
56. Referring to Table 5-3, the mean or expected value for the number of retransmissions is
________.
ANSWER:
1.0
7EY4ORDS: /ro-!-i%ity (istri-)tio&, '!&
57. Referring to Table 5-3, the variance for the number of retransmissions is ________.
ANSWER:
0.80
7EY4ORDS: /ro-!-i%ity (istri-)tio&, :!ri!&$
58. Referring to Table 5-3, the standard deviation of the number of retransmissions is ________.
ANSWER:
0.894
7EY4ORDS: /ro-!-i%ity (istri-)tio&, st!&(!r( (:i!tio&
59. In a game called Taxation and Evasion, a player rolls a pair of dice. If on any turn the sum is 7,
11, or 12, the player gets audited. Otherwise, she avoids taxes. Suppose a player takes 5 turns at
rolling the dice. The probability that she does not get audited is ________.
ANSWER:
0.2373
rolling the dice. The probability that she gets audited once is ________.
ANSWER:
0.3955
rolling the dice. The probability that she gets audited at least once is ________.
ANSWER:
0.7627

rolling the dice. The probability that she gets audited no more than 2 times is ________.
ANSWER:
0.8965
rolling the dice. The expected number of times she will be audited is ________.
ANSWER:
1.25
rolling the dice. The variance of the number of times she will be audited is ________.
ANSWER:
0.9375
7EY4ORDS: -i&o'i!% (istri-)tio&, :!ri!&$
rolling the dice. The standard deviation of the number of times she will be audited is ________.
ANSWER:
0.968
7EY4ORDS: -i&o'i!% (istri-)tio&, st!&(!r( (:i!tio&
TABLE 5-4
The following table contains the probability distribution for X = the number of traffic accidents
reported in a day in Corvallis, Oregon.
X 0 1 2 3 4 5
P(X) 0.10 0.20 0.45 0.15 0.05 0.05
66. Referring to Table 5-4, the probability of 3 accidents is ________.
ANSWER:
0.15
KEYWORDS: probability distribution
67. Referring to Table 5-4, the probability of at least 1 accident is ________.
ANSWER:
0.90
68. Referring to Table 5-4, the mean or expected value of the number of accidents is ________.
ANSWER:
2.0
KEYWORDS: probability distribution, mean,
69. Referring to Table 5-4, the variance of the number of accidents is ________.
ANSWER:
1.4
KEYWORDS: probability distribution, variance
70. Referring to Table 5-4, the standard deviation of the number of accidents is ________.
ANSWER:
1.18
KEYWORDS: probability distribution, standard deviation
71. The number of power outages at a nuclear power plant has a Poisson distribution with a mean of
6 outages per year. The probability that there will be exactly 3 power outages in a year is
____________.
ANSWER:
0.0892
KEYWORDS: Poisson distribution
6 outages per year. The probability that there will be at least 3 power outages in a year is
____________.
ANSWER:
0.9380
TYPE: FI DIFFICULTY: Difficult
6 outages per year. The probability that there will be at least 1 power outage in a year is
____________.
ANSWER:
0.9975
6 outages per year. The probability that there will be no more than 1 power outage in a year is
____________.
ANSWER:
0.0174
6 outages per year. The probability that there will be between 1 and 3 inclusive power outages in
a year is ____________.
ANSWER:
0.1487
TYPE: FI DIFFICULTY: Difficult
6 outages per year. The variance of the number of power outages is ____________.
ANSWER:
6
77. The number of 911 calls in Butte, Montana, has a Poisson distribution with a mean of 10 calls a
day. The probability of seven 911 calls in a day is ____________.
ANSWER:
0.0901
day. The probability of seven or eight 911 calls in a day is ____________.
ANSWER:
0.2027
day. The probability of 2 or more 911 calls in a day is ____________.
ANSWER:
0.9995
80. The number of 911 calls in Butte, Montana, has a Poisson distribution with a mean of 10.0 calls a
day. The standard deviation of the number of 911 calls in a day is ____________ .
ANSWER:
3.16
81. The Department of Commerce in a particular state has determined that the number of small
businesses that declare bankruptcy per month is approximately a Poisson distribution with a
mean of 6.4. Find the probability that more than 3 bankruptcies occur next month.
ANSWER:
0.881
TYPE: PR DIFFICULTY: Moderate
82. The Department of Commerce in a particular state has determined that the number of small
businesses that declare bankruptcy per month is approximately a Poisson distribution with a
mean of 6.4. Find the probability that exactly 5 bankruptcies occur next month.
ANSWER:
0.149
TYPE: PR DIFFICULTY: Easy
83. The on-line access computer service industry is growing at an extraordinary rate. Current
estimates suggest that only 20% of the home-based computers have access to on-line services.
This number is expected to grow quickly over the next 5 years. Suppose 20 people with home-
based computers were randomly and independently sampled. Find the probability that fewer than
10 of those sampled currently have access to on-line services.
ANSWER:
0.9974
KEYWORDS: binomial distribution
84. The on-line access computer service industry is growing at an extraordinary rate. Current
estimates suggest that only 20% of the home-based computers have access to on-line services.
This number is expected to grow quickly over the next 5 years. Suppose 20 people with home-
based computers were randomly and independently sampled. Find the probability that more than
15 of those sampled currently do not have access to on-line services.
ANSWER:
0.6296
TYPE: PR DIFFICULTY: Difficult
85. A national trend predicts that women will account for half of all business travelers in the next 3
years. To attract these women business travelers, hotels are providing more amenities that
women particularly like. A recent survey of American hotels found that 70% offer hairdryers in
the bathrooms. Consider a random and independent sample of 20 hotels. Find the probability all
of the hotels in the sample offered hairdryers in the bathrooms.
ANSWER:
0.0008
the bathrooms. Consider a random and independent sample of 20 hotels. Find the probability that
more than 7 but less than 13 of the hotels in the sample offered hairdryers in the bathrooms.
ANSWER:
0.2264 (using PHStat) or 0.2265 (using Table E.60
the bathrooms. Consider a random and independent sample of 20 hotels. Find the probability that
at least 9 of the hotels in the sample do not offer hairdryers in the bathrooms.
ANSWER:
0.1133
with a mean of 6.4 tickets per day. Find the probability that less than 6 tickets are written on a
randomly selected day from this population.
ANSWER:
0.384
with a mean of 6.4 tickets per day. Find the probability that exactly 6 tickets are written on a
randomly selected day from this population.
ANSWER:
0.159
TABLE 5-5
The U.S. Department of Transportation maintains statistics for mishandled bags per 1,000 airline
passengers. In 2005, Jet Blue had 4.06 mishandled bags per 1,000 passengers. Assume that the
number of mishandled bags has a Poisson distribution.
90. Referring to Table 5-5, what is the probability that in the next 1,000 passengers, Jet Blue will
have no mishandled bags?
ANSWER:
0.0172
have at least one mishandled bags?
ANSWER:
0.9828
have at least two mishandled bags?
ANSWER:
0.9127
have no more than three mishandled bags?
ANSWER:
0.4218
have no more than four mishandled bags?
ANSWER:
0.6171
have fewer than six mishandled bags?
ANSWER:
0.7757
have fewer than eight mishandled bags?
ANSWER:
0.9452
have more than eight mishandled bags?
ANSWER:
0.02320
have more than ten mishandled bags?
ANSWER:
0.003172
have between two and four mishandled bags?
ANSWER:
0.5298
have more than five but less than eight mishandled bags?
ANSWER:
0.1695
have less than two or more than eight mishandled bags?
ANSWER:
0.1105
have no more than two or at least eight mishandled bags?
ANSWER:
0.2842
have less than two and more than eight mishandled bags?
ANSWER:
0
have no more than two and at least eight mishandled bags?
ANSWER:
0
TABLE 5-6
The quality control manager of Marilyns Cookies is inspecting a batch of chocolate chip cookies.
When the production process is in control, the average number of chocolate chip parts per cookie is
6.0.
105. Referring to Table 5-6, what is the probability that any particular cookie being inspected has
4.0 chip parts.
ANSWER:
0.1339
fewer than 5.0 chip parts.
ANSWER:
0.2851
107. Referring to Table 5-6, what is the probability that any particular cookie being inspected has at
least 6.0 chip parts.
ANSWER:
0.5543
between 5.0 and 8.0 inclusive chip parts.
ANSWER:
0.5622
less than 5.0 or more than 8.0 chip parts.
ANSWER:
0.4378
TABLE 5-7
There are two houses with almost identical characteristics available for investment in two different
neighborhoods with drastically different demographic composition. The anticipated gain in value
when the houses are sold in 10 years has the following probability distribution:
Returns
Probability Neighborhood A Neighborhood B
.25 $22,500 $30,500
.40 $10,000 $25,000
.35 $40,500 $10,500
110. Referring to Table 5-7, what is the expected value gain for the house in neighborhood A?
ANSWER:
$ 12,550
KEYWORDS: mean
111. Referring to Table 5-7, what is the expected value gain for the house in neighborhood B?
ANSWER:
$ 21,300
KEYWORDS: mean
112. Referring to Table 5-7, what is the variance of the gain in value for the house in neighborhood
A?
ANSWER:
583,147,500
KEYWORDS: variance
113. Referring to Table 5-7, what is the variance of the gain in value for the house in neighborhood
B?
ANSWER:
67,460,000
KEYWORDS: variance
114. Referring to Table 5-7, what is the standard deviation of the value gain for the house in
neighborhood A?
ANSWER:
$24,148.45
KEYWORDS: standard deviation
115. Referring to Table 5-7, what is the standard deviation of the value gain for the house in
neighborhood B?
ANSWER:
$8,213.40
TABLE 5-8
Two different designs on a new line of winter jackets for the coming winter are available for your
manufacturing plants. Your profit (in thousands of dollars) will depend on the taste of the consumers
when winter arrives. The probability of the three possible different tastes of the consumers and the
corresponding profits are presented in the following table.
Probability Taste Design A Design B
#.8 'or $o&sr:!ti: 1"# 58#
#.5 &o $h!&9 8;# ;1#
#.; 'or %i-r!% ;5# 8=#
116. Referring to Table 5-8, the table above is called the ______________ for the two designs.
ANSWER:
probability distribution
117. Referring to Table 5-8, what is your expected profit when Design A is chosen?
ANSWER:
$256 thousands or $256,000
KEYWORDS: mean
118. Referring to Table 5-8, what is your expected profit when Design B is chosen?
ANSWER:
$340 thousands or $340,000
KEYWORDS: mean
119. Referring to Table 5-8, what is the variance of your profit when Design A is chosen?
ANSWER:
4,144 millions or 4,144,000,000
KEYWORDS: variance
120. Referring to Table 5-8, what is the variance of your profit when Design B is chosen?
ANSWER:
8,400 millions or 8,400,000,000
KEYWORDS: variance
121. Referring to Table 5-8, what is the standard deviation of your profit when Design A is chosen?
ANSWER:
$64.37391 thousands or $64,373.91
122. Referring to Table 5-8, what is the standard deviation of your profit when Design B is chosen?
ANSWER:
$91.65151 thousands or $91,651.51

Chapter 5: Discrete Probability Distributions

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Chapter 5: Discrete Probability Distributions

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136 Discrete Probability Distributions

CHAPTER 5: DISCRETE PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS

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