Conglomeration For Color Image Segmentation of Otsu Method, Median Filter and Adaptive Median Filter

International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering& Management (IJAIEM)
Web Site: www.ijaiem.org Email: editor@ijaiem.org

Volume 03, Issue 09, September 2014 ISSN 2319 - 4847

Volume 3, Issue 9, September 2014 Page 307

ABSTRACT
The objective of this work is to develop efficient method for color image segmentation. In the first part of the work we have
done the thresholding of the image. The Otsu method is used for the thresholding of image. The traditional Otsu method for
gray channel image segmentation were applied for each of the R ,G, and B channels separately to determine the suitable
automatic threshold for each channel . After that, the new modified channels are integrated again to formulate a new color
image. The resulted image suffers from some kind of distortion. To avoid this, in the second part the resulted image is passed
through median filter and then the resulted image from the median filter is passed through the Adaptive median filter. The
smoothened image from the Adaptive median filter is the resulted image. Experimental results were presented on a variety of
test images.
Keywords: Thresholding, Median filter, Adaptive median filter, Otsu Method, color image segmentation.
1. INTRODUCTION
Image segmentation partitions an image into non-overlapping regions. A region is defined as a homogenous group of
connected pixels with respect to a chosen property [1]. The segmentation in color image analysis is one of the most
important problems. The fundamental idea in color image segmentation is to consider color uniformity as a relevant
criterion to partition an image into significant regions [2]. Image segmentation results have an effect on image analysis
and it following higher order tasks. Image analysis includes object description and representation, feature
measurement. Higher order task follows classification of object.. Hence characterization, visualization of region of
interest in any image, delineation plays an important role in image segmentation [3]. In a grayscale image, the
difference between two pixels can simply be measured as the difference in brightness between these two pixels, because
that is the definition of a difference between two shades of gray. For color images, only considering the brightness is
not enough, since two distinct colors can be of the same brightness [4]. Usually Segmentation is the first task for any
image processing. The pursuant tasks depend on the nature of segmentation. For this reason , an adequate attention is
taken to improve the quality of segmentation [5]. In the gray level image segmentation a problem is mostly occurs when
an image has a varying gray level background. One of these problem is when the image contains wide range of gray
levels or progressively varying shadows. This is the color intensity problem in the gray scale images. In the high details
image ,the detection procedure for human can be done for one or two dozen intensity levels at any point due to
luminosity accommodation [6]. Human eye can distinguish thousand of color shadows and intensities. The gray scale
segmentation techniques like histogram thresholding, neural networks, fuzzy methods have been extended for color
image segmentation by using RGB, CYM, HSI color space system etc. Median filter has demonstrated an effective
technique to suppress impulse noise while preserving signal changes [7]. Median filter is a non-linear filter use to
smooth image [8]. one disadvantage of median filter is high blurring of image when window size is large [9].Median
filter aims to change noisy pixels in such way to look like its nearby neighbors [10]. The work has been implemented
using MATLAB R2013b. The paper is structured as follows: section (II) tells about the Related work , Section (III)
deals with Experimental results, Finally the conclusion section may be seen in section (IV).
Conglomeration for color image segmentation
of Otsu method, median filter and Adaptive
median filter
Puneet Ranout
1
, Anubhooti Papola
2
and Devesh Mishra
3
1
PG Student, Department of computer science and engineering, Faculty of Technology, Uttarakhand Technical
University, Dehradun-248007

2
Astt. Professor, Department of computer science and engineering, Faculty of Technology, Uttarakhand Technical

3
Astt. Professor, Department of computer science and engineering, Faculty of Technology, Uttarakhand Technical


2. RELATED WORK
In this technique we will find the smoothening of the image and will check image for different window sizes. The
different window size shows a different output. In this the edges of the image will be smooth as compare to the older
algorithm of the segmentation for median filter. In the proposed algorithm firstly an image is uploaded for
segmentation and the channels R,G, B of image are separated. Then the Otsu automatic thresholding method is
applied in each channel for thresholding the image. After thresholding each channel, the thresholded output of all
the channels are combined together to form a new image. the new image formed is a colored image. Moreover
median filtering technique could be applied to smooth the image. The R,G,B channel of the new image are separated
and then the median filter is applied on each channel. The output of each channel is combined. The output image of
median filter is then passed to Adaptive median filter to get more smoothened . From the median filter output image
the channels R,G,B are separated again and the adaptive median flter is applied on them. The output from each
channel the combined . The noticeable result may be cleared form human eye, as the edges are smoothed and the
blurring is less as compare to previous work. As in this paper main contribution is that, when increasing the window
size noticeable blurring results may be clear from human eye. Hence a suitable window size must be determined
carefully is such a way that keeps the blurring amount in the safety side away from the distortion and high blurring.
The suitable window size that was obtained by the proposed algorithm was found to be (1515).
(x, y) =

Fig no. 1 Data flow Diagram
The above written equation shows the (x, y ) is an image in which x and y are coordinates of image. In the other part
of the equation represents the image but here . i is the no. of channels (R,G,B) of image . The value of
i=1,2,3, so and i=1 means red channel of the image. i=2 means the green channel of the image and i=3 means the
blue channel of the image. Acc to figure(2a), it can be seen that the implementation of traditional Otsu method for each
channel of the R,G,B channels will produce some kind of noise regions. Therefore to make these regions smoother, an
adaptive median filter could be applied with KK window size to get rid of these noisy regions. This process is very
useful in object recognition, consequently, image segmentation. It must be mentioned that whenever there is an increase
in the block size, there will be increase in the smoothness process. Hence four types of block sizes have been applied
which are: 33, 77, 1111,1515 (2b) is high segmented than the traditional Otsu method (2a). Experimental results
are presented concerning the previously proposed method. Several (512512) test images have been used to implement
the proposed method for color image segmentation (figure 3). The experimental results have been shown in figures
(4),(5),(6) (7). Furthermore a combination of window sizes have been applied which are (33,77,1111,1515) in
case of adaptive median filtering process. The difference between the median filter and the adaptive median filter can
be seen easily in the experimental results. In the adaptive median filter the color intensity and color distribution over
(x,y)
1(x,y) +
Otsu
1(x,y) +
Otsu
1(x,y) +
Otsu
(x,y
)
1(x,y) +
Median
filter
1(x,y) +
Median
filter

1(x,y) +
Median
filter
(x,y
)
1(x,y) +
Adaptive
Median
filter
1(x,y) +
Adaptive
median
filter
1(x,y)
+
Adaptive
Median
filter
(x,y)

the image could be better than the median filter. Hence from the ocular results it is very clear that the convenient
window size is (1515) for all the test images that have been used .

Fig no.2 (a) original image (b) Traditional Otsu image (c) Hybridization between Ostu
for each of R,G,B channels method and 77 Median filter
3. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
In this Section, details of the implementation

Fig no.3 Variety of (512512) test images (Baboon, Lena, Pepper and Airplane)
Median filter 33

Fig no. 4 Fig no. 5

Fig no. 6 fig no. 7


Adaptive median filter 33

Fig no. 8 Fig no. 9
Median filter 33

Fig no. 10 Fig no. 11

Adaptive Median filter 33

Median filter 77




Median filter 77

Median filter 1111




Median filter 1111


Median filter 1515




Median filter 1515


4. CONCLUSIONS
In this paper, a new approach for color image segmentation has been presented which is based on the conglomeration
of otsu method, median filter and adaptive median filter. The implementation of otsu method to the R,G,B channels
with median filtering will show some kind of noise and to get rid of this noise an adaptive median filtering process was
proposed. The edges will be smooth and the intensity of color would be better than the median filtering output image.
The main conclusion comes here is that the increase in window size (KK) that was implemented in filtering process
will increase the interior homogeneity of the regions and objects inside image. Hence in this paper , a window size
1515 shows a good relevant result. This method is easy to implement and has a high rapidity. According to the result
in the previous section the proposed technique is recommended in Biometric recognition, medical image processing, in
agriculture (inspections of fruits and vegetables) . In this the future work could be checking the working of otsu
method with other filter that can help in better image quality.
REFERENCES
[1] FirasAjilJassim, Fawzi H. Altaani Hybridization of Otsu Method and Median Filter for Color Image
Segmentation, International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering (IJSCE) ISSN: 2231-2307, Volume-3,
Issue-2, May 2013.
[2] L. Busin, N. Vandenbroucke, and L. Macaire, Color spaces and image segmentation, Advances in Imaging and
Electron Physics, vol. 151, 2008, pp. 65-168.
[3] H.P. Narkhede, Review of Image Segmentation Techniques, International Journal of Science and Modern
Engineering (IJISME) ISSN: 2319-6386, Volume-1, Issue-8, July 2013.
[4] K. K. Singh, A. Singh,A Study of Image Segmentation Algorithms for Different Types of Images, International
Journal of Computer Science Issues, Vol. 7, Issue 5, 2010.
[5] R. C. Gonzalez and R. E. Woods. Digital Image Processing, Prentice Hall, New Jersey 07458, second edition,
2001.
[6] N. Ikonomakis, K. N. Plataniotis, A. N. Venetsanopoulos, Color Image Segmentation for Multimedia
Applications, Journal of Intelligent and Robotic Systems, vol.28, 2000, pp. 520.
[7] J. M. C. Geoffrine and N. Kumarasabapathy, Study And Analysis Of Impulse Noise Reduction Filters, Signal &
Image Processing : An International Journal (SIPIJ), Vol.2, No.1, March 2011.

[8] Computer Vision CITS4240 School of Computer Science & Software Engineering, The University of Western
Australia.
[9] H. Gomez-Moreno, S. Maldonado-Bascon, F. Lopez-Ferreras, M. Utrillamanso And P. Gil-Jimenez, A Modified
Median Filter for the Removal of Impulse Noise Based on the Support Vector Machines, Proceedings of the 7th
International Work-Conference on Artificial and Natural Neural Networks: Part II: Artificial Neural Nets Problem
Solving Methods (IWANN 03), Menorca, Spain, 2003, pp. 536-543.
[10] A. A. Gulhane, A. S. Alvi, Noise Reduction of an Image by using Function Approximation Techniques,
International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering (IJSCE), vol.2, no.1, March 2012, pp. 60-62.
AUTHOR
Puneet Ranout is a Graduate in Information and Technology Engineering from Punjab Technical
University, Jalandhar, Punjab in 2012. Presently he is pursuing Post Graduate (Final Year) in Computer
Science Engineering from Uttarakhand Technical University, Dehradun. His area of interest include
computer network and image processing.

Anubhooti Papola is a graduate in Computer Science Engineering from H.N.B Garhwal University,
Srinagar, Uttarakhand in 2009 and a Post Graduate in Computer Science Engineering from Graphic Era
University, Dehradun in 2012. She was a Lecturer in GRD IMT Dehradun and programmer in Anya-
Softek, Dehradun. Presently she is working as Assistant professor in W.I.T , Uttarakhand technical
university, Dehradun.

Devesh Mishra is a graduate in Computer Science Engineering from Agra University in 2003 and a Post
Graduate in Information and Communication Technology from Dhirubhai Ambani Institute of Information
and Communication Technology, Gandhinagar, Gujarat in 2009. He was Lecturer in Amity School of
Engineering. He worked as Assistant Professor in Uttarakhand Technical University , Dehradun. Presently
he is working as Lecturer in Department of technical Education, Rajasthan Government, Rajasthan

Conglomeration For Color Image Segmentation of Otsu Method, Median Filter and Adaptive Median Filter

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Conglomeration For Color Image Segmentation of Otsu Method, Median Filter and Adaptive Median Filter

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International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering& Management (IJAIEM)

Web Site: www.ijaiem.org Email: editor@ijaiem.org

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