Para la situación que se presenta a continuación determine:

a) Para cada grupo determine subjetivamente y objetivamente si los datos

provienen de una distribución normal
b) Determine los intervalos de confianza para la media poblacional de cada grupo
e interprételo.

(Ejercicio 1.2-1 de Susan)

Se realiza un estudio para ayudar a comprender el efecto del fumar en los patrones
del sueño. La variable aleatoria considerada es X, el tiempo en minutos que se
tarda en quedarse dormido. Las muestras de fumadores y no fumadores producen
estas observaciones sobre X:

NO FUMADORES
17.2 19.7 18.1 15.1 18.3 17.6
16.2 19.9 19.8 23.6 24.9 20.1
19.8 22.6 20.0 24.1 25.0 21.4
21.2 18.9 22.1 20.6 23.3 20.2
21.1 16.9 23.0 20.1 17.5 21.3
21.8 22.1 21.1 20.5 20.4 20.7
19.5 18.8 19.2 22.4 19.3 17.4
FUMADORES
15.1 20.5 17.7 21.3 16.0 24.8
16.8 21.2 18.1 22.1 15.9 25.2
22.8 22.4 19.4 25.2 18.3 25.0
25.8 24.1 15.0 24.1 21.6 16.3
24.3 25.7 15.2 18.0 23.8 17.9
23.2 25.1 16.1 17.2 24.9 19.9
15.7 15.3 19.9 23.1 23.0 25.1

box plor para los fumadores

 box plot no fumadores

diagrama de tallos y hojas para los no Fumadores

 diagrama de tallos y hojas para
los Fumadores

Histograma de frecuencias
para no fumadores

Histograma de frecuencias
para fumadores
 Figura gráfico de
probabilidad normal para no fumadores

Figura gráfico de
probabilidad normal para fumadores

FUMADORES

Tests for Normality for Fumadores

Computed Chi-Square goodness-of-fit statistic = 34,9048
P-Value = 0,00151847
Shapiro-Wilks W statistic = 0,891436
P-Value = 0,000540195
Z score for skewness = 0,324667
P-Value = 0,745429
Z score for kurtosis = -4,73776
P-Value = 0,00000216351
The StatAdvisor
—————

This pane shows the results of several tests run to determine whether Fumadores
can be adequately modeled by a normal distribution. The chi-square test divides the
range of Fumadores into 17 equally probable classes and compares the number of
observations in each class to the number expected. The Shapiro-Wilks test is based
upon comparing the quantiles of the fitted normal distribution to the quantiles of
the data. The standardized skewness test looks for lack of symmetry in the data.
The standardized kurtosis test looks for distributional shape which is either flatter
or more peaked than the normal distribution. The lowest P-value amongst the tests
performed equals 0,00000216351. Because the P-value for this test is less than
0.01, we can reject the idea that Fumadores comes from a normal distribution with
99% confidence.
 7

Goodness-of-Fit Tests for Fumadores

Chi-Square Test
—————————————————————————-
Lower Upper Observed Expected
Limit Limit Frequency Frequency Chisquare
—————————————————————————-
at or below 18,2857 15 10,88 1,56
18,2857 20,4286 4 9,03 2,80
20,4286 22,5714 6 9,37 1,21
22,5714 24,7143 8 7,00 0,14
above 24,7143 9 5,73 1,87
—————————————————————————-
Chi-Square = 7,57861 with 2 d.f. P-Value = 0,0226113
Estimated Kolmogorov statistic DPLUS = 0,120603
Estimated Kolmogorov statistic DMINUS = 0,123036
Estimated overall statistic DN = 0,123036
Approximate P-Value = 0,548441
The StatAdvisor
—————
This pane shows the results of tests run to determine whether Fumadores can be
adequately modeled by a normal distribution. The chi-square test divides the range
of Fumadores into nonoverlapping intervals and compares the number of
observations in each class to the number expected based on the fitted distribution.
The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test computes the maximum distance between the
cumulative distribution of Fumadores and the CDF of the fitted normal
distribution. In this case, the maximum distance is 0,123036. The lowest P-value
amongst the tests performed equals 0,0226113. Because the P-value for this test is
less than 0.05, we can reject the idea that Fumadores comes from a normal
distribution with 95% confidence.

Analysis Summary
Data variable: Fumadores
42 values ranging from 15,0 to 25,8
Fitted normal distribution:
mean = 20,669
standard deviation = 3,68858
The StatAdvisor
—————
This analysis shows the results of fitting a normal distribution to the data on
Fumadores. The estimated parameters of the fitted distribution are shown above.
You can test whether the normal distribution fits the data adequately by selecting
Goodness-of-Fit Tests from the list of Tabular Options. You can also assess
visually how well the normal distribution fits by selecting Frequency Histogram
from the list of Graphical Options. Other options within the procedure allow you to
compute and display tail areas and critical values for the distribution. To select a
different distribution, press the alternate mouse button and select Analysis Options.

NO FUMADORES

Tests for Normality for Nofumadore Computed Chi-Square goodness-of-fit statistic

= 9,0
 7

P-Value = 0,831051
Shapiro-Wilks W statistic = 0,98561
P-Value = 0,923601
Z score for skewness = 0,0150372
P-Value = 0,987997
Z score for kurtosis = -0,0393252
P-Value = 0,968625
The StatAdvisor
—————
This pane shows the results of several tests run to determine whether Nofumadore
can be adequately modeled by a normal distribution.
The chi-square test divides the range of Nofumadore into 17 equally probable
classes and compares the number of observations in each class to the number
expected. The Shapiro-Wilks test is based upon comparing the quantiles of the
fitted normal distribution to the quantiles of the data. The standardized skewness
test looks for lack of symmetry in the data. The standardized kurtosis test looks for
distributional shape which is either flatter or more peaked than the normal
distribution. The lowest P-value amongst the tests performed equals 0,831051
Because the P-value for this test is greater than or equal to 0.10, we can not reject
the idea that Nofumadore comes from a normal distribution with 90% or higher
confidence.

Goodness-of-Fit Tests for Nofumadore

Chi-Square Test
—————————————————————————-
Lower Upper Observed Expected
Limit Limit Frequency Frequency Chisquare
—————————————————————————-
at or below 19,1429 11 12,82 0,26
19,1429 20,8571 15 12,19 0,65
20,8571 22,5714 9 10,25 0,15
above 22,5714 7 6,73 0,01
—————————————————————————-
Chi-Square = 1,06938 with 1 d.f. P-Value = 0,301082
Estimated Kolmogorov statistic DPLUS = 0,0537465
Estimated Kolmogorov statistic DMINUS = 0,062176
Estimated overall statistic DN = 0,062176
Approximate P-Value = 0,996881
The StatAdvisor
—————
This pane shows the results of tests run to determine whether Nofumadore can be
adequately modeled by a normal distribution. The chi-square test divides the range
of Nofumadore into nonoverlapping intervals and compares the number of
observations in each class to the number expected based on the fitted distribution.
The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test computes the maximum distance between the
cumulative distribution of Nofumadore and the CDF of the fitted normal
distribution. In this case, the maximum distance is 0,062176. The lowest P-value
amongst the tests performed equals 0,301082. Because the P-value for this test is
greater than or equal to 0.10, we can not reject the idea that Nofumadore comes
from a normal distribution with 90% or higher confidence.
 7

Analysis Summary
Data variable: Nofumadore
42 values ranging from 15,1 to 25,0
Fitted normal distribution:
mean = 20,3048
standard deviation = 2,28227
The StatAdvisor
—————
This analysis shows the results of fitting a normal distribution to the data on
Nofumadore. The estimated parameters of the fitted distribution are shown above.
You can test whether the normal distribution fits the data adequately by selecting
Goodness-of-Fit Tests from the list of Tabular Options. You can also assess
visually how well the normal distribution fits by selecting Frequency Histogram
from the list of Graphical Options. Other options within the procedure allow you to
compute and display tail areas and critical values for the distribution. To select a
different distribution, press the alternate mouse button and select Analysis Options.

2. Obtenga una muestra aleatoria de tamaño 60 de una distribución normal con

media 83 y desviación estándar 10.
3. Resuelva la siguiente situación

En cierta pobalción de primates, el volúmen de la cavidad craneal se distribuye

aproximadamente norml con media 1200 cc y desviación estándar

a) Hallar la probabilidad de que un miembro de la población seleccionado

aleatoriamente tenga una cavidad craneal superior a 1400 cc.
b) Hallar P 1000 ≤ x ≤ 1050
c) Hallar P x ≤ 1060
d) Hallar P x ≤ 920
e) Hallar el punto X o tal que el 20% de los primates tenga una cavidad craneal
más pequeña que X o.
f) Hallar el punto X o tal que el 10% de los primates tenga una cavidad craneal
superior a X o.