9 - 1 EWBS-and-ABU - Activities-Bf PDF

Emergency Warning
Broadcasting Systems
Sharad Sadhu
Director Technical Department
ABU
ITU-AIBD-ABU Regional Workshop
Strengthening Digital Broadcasting Experience
22-23 May, Hanoi
BEFORE
Teaching people to survive capacity
building through radio, TV programming
Storing RiBs, radios at strategic locations
AT THAT TIME
Early warning of natural disasters
POST DISASTER
Setting up mass communications soon
after disaster
Helping connect nodal authorities with
affected populations
Broadcasters Help in Saving
Human Lives
ABU Digital Broadcasting Symposium 2011, Kuala Lumpur
What is EWBS ?
Remote activation of Radio and TV receivers ready for EWBS
AM, FM Radio and TV : Control signal and Alert Sound
Digital TV Broadcasting ISDB-T :
EWBS Control (Activation Flag)
In Japan, EWBS has been operated since September 1985.
EWBS on ISDB-T has been operated since December 2003.
EWBS test signals are monthly broadcast in Japan.
Broadcasting
Station
Transmitter
Broadcasting Service Area
Automatic
Activation
Meteorological
Agency
14
Japan Meteorological
Agency
Residents
in coastal areas
at risk
TV
broadcasting
Police, Fire
offices
Local
Governmen
ts
etc.
Radio Stations
Dedicated
telephone
line
Central
Government
Loud
Speakers
Sirens
TV Screen
Dissemination of Tsunami Warning
24
All Rights Reserved, Copyright ABU Digital Broadcasting Symposium 2011, Kuala Lumpur
Emergency Warning Broadcasting System
Outline
Elements of Disaster Relief Broadcasting
(Role of broadcaster a part)
Disaster detection and prediction
( : e.g. By seismometers set up by broadcaster)

Warning for evacuation in advance of disaster
Notification of correct information to the public
Providing of well-being information
(e.g. By using data broadcasting)
The Emergency Warning Broadcasting System (EWBS) uses
broadcasting facilities to alert people and enable them to prepare
for emergencies.
Issue of EWBS control signal (Switch-on of receivers)
Tsunami Warning
Estimated
tsunami heights
and arrival times
20
Emergency Warning Broadcasting System
(EWBS) in JAPAN
What is EWBS ?
It protects persons Life and Properties
4
Media: EWBS over analog broadcasting
The signals can be sent from existing
radio and TV facilities, without any special
modifications.
The easiest option is to use CD players.
Switch
Trans-
mitter
Program
signal
Control
signal
generator
Program
signal
reception
Control
signal
reception
Control
Broadcasting station Receiver with
warning function

Radio
TV
Alarming sound,
followed by
announcement
It is important
to offer EBWS
reception at a
low price.
HF, AM, FM,
TV
Implementation of digital
handheld EWBS receiver with
mobile phone is future work
11

Broadcasting
Station

Example of Delivery of Warning using EWBS
Delivery of the warning
through loud speakers (Image)
Loud
speakers
Solar panel
Battery
EWBS
Receiver
Effectively warn to
people without
receivers in the field
12
Mechanism of EWBS for transmitting
EWBS signal sent by on air signal
- start signal ; switches on receivers
- end signal ; turns off receivers
Analog system for Radio &TV ; 640Hz & 1024Hz frequency
Digital system TV ; digital data as flag on ISDB-T

13
Analog EWBS Control signal
A start sign and end sign are transmitted by
an FSK 640Hz/1024Hz signal combined with
a warning sound

Emergency warning broadcasting
program

Usual
Program

Usual
Program

Start sign End sign
time
Hyperlink : DEM Radio Start/End (01m06s)
14
Japan Meteorological
Agency (JMA)
NHK Broadcasting Stations
Transmitting
tower
EWBS
Signal
generator
EWBS
controller
Switch
News Center
TV or radio
program
Tsunami
Warning
Facilities of EWBS in Studio
Tsunami
Warning
Simple CD is
enough
19
EWBS control signal (Switch-on of receivers)
EWBS signals embedded in analogue TV and radio broadcasts will
automatically switch on or change channel to the one providing
warning and information in TV and radio sets in the home and
handheld receivers,
and
issue an emergency bulletin, alerting people to an impeding
disaster, e.g. a tsunami, earthquake, cyclone, flood, or volcanic
eruption.
Transmitter
Broadcasting Service Area
Automatic
Activation
21
206 points all over Japan
Earthquake
Flow of Emergency Information dissemination
Issue of EWBS
control signal
22
TWO EWBS signals on ISDB-T system
Data
Audio
Video
Service
M
u
l
t
i
p
l
e
x
e
r
MPEG-2
T
S
-
r
e
m
u
l
t
i
p
l
e
x
i
n
g
I
F
F
T
OFDM
Signal
1. Addition of
Emergency Information Descriptor
Channel coding
Coding
Coding
Coding
Hierarchical
parallel
processing
Error
correction
Mapping
Interleaving
OFDM Frame
TMCC add.
TMCC :Transmission and Multiplexing Configuration Control
2. Addition of Activation
signal for EWB
Source coding
ISDB-T Transmitter block diagram
(Service Information)
(Control Signal)
15
Position of the TMCC carriers in the One-seg band
S
E
G
#
0
S
E
G
#
1
S
E
G
#
3
S
E
G
#
5
S
E
G
#
7
S
E
G
#
9
S
E
G
#
1
1
S
E
G
#
1
2
S
E
G
#
1
0
S
E
G
#
8
S
E
G
#
6
S
E
G
#
4
S
E
G
#
2
frequency
HDTV Services (BW:5.6 MHz)
frequency
#
1
0
1
#
1
3
1
#
2
8
6
#
3
4
9
One-seg Services
(BW:429 kHz)
T
M
C
C
(
D
B
P
S
K
)
T
M
C
C
(
D
B
P
S
K
)
T
M
C
C
(
D
B
P
S
K
)
T
M
C
C
(
D
B
P
S
K
)
17
One-Seg service and EWBS
One-Seg service commenced on 1
st
April, 2006
One-Seg service is capable of transmitting EWBS
Most of people carry cellular phones in J apan
Broadcast studio
Transmitter station
Automatic
activation
In the field
People can get disaster information quickly anywhere
if cellular phones equip with One-Seg receivers capable to receive EWB
Town
19
Concurrent mobile receiver activation using EWBS
20
Data broadcasting
Data broadcasting is an additional service.
By clicking on d-button of a remote control unit,
you can access your requested information such as local
weather forecast, 24H news and information linked to on-
air program.
Weather forecast 24H news
I nformation linked to
on- air program
22
For preventing from disasters, some local broadcasting stations of NHK launched
emergency information service by applying data gathering systems and/or online
sensors operated by local governments and public sectors.
Water Guages on Major Rivers in Case of Heavy Rain
Informing Communities Nearest Shelters and Utilities / Lifeline status
23
Time Line of Tsunami Forecast
Earthquake and Seismic
Intensity Information
(hypocenter, M and
seismic intensity distribution)
Tsunami Information
(tsunami observations)
Tsunami Information
(estimated heights
and arrival times of initial
wave)
Tsunami Information
(estimated arrival times of
initial wave and high tide
times)
Tsunami Forecast
(warning and advisory)
Seismic Intensity
Information
areas in which intensity 3 or
above observed
Earthquake Information
(hypocenter, M and No tsunami is generated )
*This information is issued in case of the earthquake
does not generate a tsunami.
16

Classification

Broadcasting
zone
Broadcasting
media
(NHKs
example)
1

Warning of
large-scale earthquake
Nationwide
All 8 NHK
channels
(TV & radio)
2 Tsunami warning
Nationwide, or
by prefecture
or region
All 8 NHK
channels
(TV & radio)
3
Broadcasting request
about natural disaster
from local government
By prefecture
or
region
General TV,
Radio-1, FM
Conditions for operation of EWBS in Japan
7
Function of Broadcasting in Disaster
Management
1. Gathering/receiving disaster information
from administrative organizations
2. Filtering information by broadcasters
3. Delivering disaster information to the general
public
4. Broadcasting offers reliable information
There are no spam information in broadcasting
5. Always connected to everybody
There are no congestions like in communication

6. Always active : 24 hour operation

6
Experiences of EWBS
Date Reason Remarks
Mar. 18, 1987 Tsunami Alert Earthquake offshore Miyazaki-ken
Nov. 2, 1989 Tsunami Alert Earthquake offshore Sanriku
Jul. 12, 1993 Tsunami Alert Hokkaido south-west offing earthquake
Oct. 4, 1994 Tsunami Alert Hokkaido East offing earthquake
Dec. 28, 1994 Tsunami Alert Sanriku far offing earthquake
Oct.19, 1995 Tsunami Alert Earthquake near the shore of Amami-Oshima
Feb. 17, 1996 Tsunami Alert Earthquake in Irian Jaya Region, Indonesia
Oct.19, 1996 Tsunami Alert Earthquake in Hyuga-nada
May 4, 1998 Tsunami Alert Okinawa Ishigakijima South offing earthquake
Mar. 26, 2002 Tsunami Alert Okinawa Ishigakijima South offing earthquake
Mar. 31, 2002 Tsunami Alert Earthquake near Taiwan
Sep. 26, 2003 Tsunami Alert Earthquake offshore Kushiro, Hokkaido
Sep. 5, 2004 Tsunami Alert Earthquake offshore Tokai-do
Nov. 15, 2006 Tsunami Alert Hokkaido East offing earthquake
Jan. 13, 2007 Tsunami Alert Hokkaido East offing earthquake
Feb. 27, 2010 Tsunami Alert Earthquake near the shore of Okinawa-honto
Feb. 28, 2010 Tsunami Alert Earthquake offshore Maule, Chile
10
EWBS Application
Not only
Tsunami forecast
But also
Earthquake forecast
Hurricane forecast
Flood warning
Eruption warning
Fire warning
Other warning
26
Tsunami Warning for the Chilean Earthquake Tsunami (27/2/2010)
Tsunami warning issued at 09:33JST, 28/2/2008
Major
Tsunami
Tsunami
Tsunami
Advisory
23
Whats EEW?
The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) issues an Earthquake
Early Warning EEW for any quake anywhere in the country
registering a JMA seismic intensity approaching 5 or greater.
Since October of 2007, NHK has been automatically broadcasting
the JMAs EEW on all its frequencies of radios and televisions.
Registering a seismic
intensity approaching
5 or greater
Meteorological
Agency
Broadcaster
Transmitter
program
6
Principle of EEW
7
Primary
wave
Secondary
wave
Hypocenter
Meteorological
Agency
Seismograph 1. Sense a P-Wave.
2. Estimate the
epicenter and scale
of an earthquake.
3. An EEW is issued when the
seismic intensity approaching
5 or greater is estimated
somewhere in Japan.
4. Broadcast the EEW
as soon as possible.
Use of the difference of propagation speeds of
primary and secondary waves.
P-wave: about 7 km / s
S-wave: about 4 km / s
How NHK broadcasts EEW ?
On television, the place of an epicenter and the regions
where strong tremors are forecasted are mapped and listed
with a sound of the specialized chime.
On radio, the program is interrupted, and the places are
promptly reported in a voice, following the specialized chime.
On Radio On Television
10
Problems of EEW Broadcast in Digital TV
Delay to display EEW due to the processing periods for
compressing and decompressing video and audio data.
There has been no way to get warning to those who do not
happen to be watching television like that in analog TV.
5 or greater
Meteorological
Agency
Broadcaster
Transmitter
program
13
New Technology added in Digital TV
5 or greater
Meteorological
Agency
Broadcaster
Transmitter
program
Media Explanation
Superimpose of Caption
(Subtitle provided
Asynchronously )
EEW information is transmitted as character codes using
an asynchronous packetized elementary stream (PES) for
superimposing a caption.
Event Message in Data
Broadcasting

EEW alert, which is composed of figures and characters
sent in advance using data carousels, is displayed with a
trigger of an event message in data broadcasting.
Auxiliary Channel (AC) EEW information about the epicenter and the regions hit
by an earthquake is transmitted on AC carriers in a
central segment..
14
Regulation for Broadcasters
3
Act No.132 of May 2, 1950.
Chapter I General Provisions
Article 1 (Purpose)
The purpose of this Act is to regulate broadcasting for the public
welfare, and to facilitate the sound development thereof, in accordance
with the principles as stated below:
(i) To secure the maximum availability and benefits of broadcasting for the citizens;
(ii) To assure the freedom of expression through broadcasting by guaranteeing
impartiality and integrity in broadcasting and its autonomy;
(iii) To make broadcasting contribute to the development of a healthy democracy by
clarifying the responsibilities of the entities engaged in broadcasting.

Article 6-2 (Broadcasting in the Event of Disaster)
If a disaster caused by storm, heavy rain, flood, earthquake, large-
scale fire or other cause has occurred or is threatened to occur, a
broadcaster conducting domestic broadcasting shall conduct such
broadcasting that helps to prevent the occurrence of a disaster or to
reduce the damages caused thereby.
Broadcast Act
4
The only Union to promote:
Peoples preparation for disaster risk
reduction
Teaching people how to survive potential
disasters
Implementing emergency warning systems
on broadcasting platforms
Setting up mass communications soon
after disaster
Promoting EWBS and Disaster
Preparedness
2004 Tsunami
Created worldwide awareness on relief
communications using radio transmissions
Distributed 25000 radio sets in Indonesia,
Maldives, Sri Lanka
Helped restore transmission facilities
2005 onwards
Providing Radio-in-Box units for post-disaster
relief communication
2008 Sumatra
Air-lifted RiB for remote area relief
communication
ABUs Work on Disaster Risk
Reduction
2010-11: Awareness and implementation
12 country Roadshow on EWBS
Dialogue with DRR Nodal Agencies on setting
up national and regional coordination
mechanisms
ABU GA Recommendation on using EWBS
Planning a major project in Indonesia and
China
There is a lot more to be done
ABUs Work on Disaster Risk
Reduction
THANK YOU
FOR YOUR ATTENTION

9 - 1 EWBS-and-ABU - Activities-Bf PDF

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