Introduction to Receiver Functions

I. Definition of a Receiver Function

II. Slant Stacking
III. Modeling of Receiver Functions
IV. S-wave Receiver Functions








LQ
LR
Body Waves
P and S waves Particle Motion
Body Waves: Polarization
P, SV, and SH :
Seismic Body Waves
Receiver Functions
) (
) (
) ( ) (
) ( ) (
) ( ) ( ) ( ) (
) ( ) ( ) ( ) (
) (
) (
) (
!
!
! !
! !
! ! ! !
! ! ! !
!
!
!
R
V
R
R
S
V
R
V
S
R
R
R
S
V
R
V
S
R
R
R
V
R
E
E
E E
E E
E E S I
E E S I
U
U
R
"
#
#
=
# # #
# # #
= =
Fundamental Assumptions
Plane Wave Approximation
The PS is primarily recorded on the radial
(the vertical component is negligible)
These assumptions lead to the result that
the receiver function *only* includes P-to-S
converted energy
[ ]
[ ]
( )( )
( )
( )
ps p ps p p p
ps p p
p
ps p
ps p
ps p
t i
ps
t i
p
t t i
ps p
t i
p p
t i
p
t i
ps
t i
p
t i
p
t i
p
t i
ps
t i
p
ps
t i
ps
t i
p Z
t i
ps
t i
p R
k
k
k
k
e r e r e r z e r z e z
z
r
e r e r e z
z
r
x x
e z
e r e r
z
r
R
z
e z e z z E
e r e r r E
r
r
r
z
z
z
! ! ! ! !
! ! !
!
! !
! !
! !
!
!
!
!
" " + " " "
" " "
"
" "
" "
" "
+ + " " " =
+ + " #
+ + " = +
+
+ +
=
<<
+ + =
+ + =
= =
1

1 1 ) R(
... 1 x) (1 : expansion binomial the using
1

1
) (
1 assume can we
1 ) (

1 ) (

,
2
0
0
0
0
2 1 -
0
0
0
0
0 0
( )
ps
ps p p
t i
ps
t i
ps
t i
p
t i
p
e r
z
r
z
e r e r e z
z
r
!
! ! !
!
"
" " "
+ = #
=
+ + " =
0
0
p p
0
0
) R(
r
means wave plane
1
s order term higher neglecting
P-wave
PS-wave
What factors influence r
0
/z
0
?
Isolating Mode Conversions
Methods of Deconvoltuion
Spectral Division: water level technique
(Burdick and Langston, 1978)
Stacked Time Domain Deconvolution
(Baker et al., 1996)
Individual Iterative Time Domain
Deconvolution
(Liggoria and Ammon, 1999)
WATER-LEVEL DECONVOLUTION
> water-level deconvolution introduced by Clayton &
Wiggins

> for small c approaches deconvolution, large c
approaches scaled cross-correlation

> similar to damped least squares solution
Time Domain CONVOLUTIONAL
MODEL
observed displacement seismogram
effective source (includes source-side
scattering)
Greens function (receiver side response to
an impulsive plane wave with horizontal
slowness )
PS-phase
Move-out:
! "
#
$
%
&
'
(
" " "
=
"
"
"
"
=
" = " = ) = =
" " = " " = " =
"
"
pd
V V
V p V V p V h
dT
V
V p h
V
V p h
t
V p j V p i p V j p V i
dT
i V
h
j V
h
dT
V
y
V
x
t t t
p s
p s s p
p
p
s
s
P PS
S p s p
p s p s
P PS P PS
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1 1
1
1
then
, 1 cos , 1 cos sin , sin
using
cos cos
Crustal Multiples:
!
"
#
$
%
&
' + =
!
"
#
$
%
&
' + ' =
'
' '
2
2
2
2
2
2
2 p V h t t
p V p V h t
s PPS PSS
p s PPS
SCATTERING GEOMETRY
P
S
PPP PPS PSS P PS
> consider plane P wave incident from below
> receiver side scattering includes forward and back scattering,
P and S
> legs ending in P and S isolated through modal decomposition
Slant Stacking
Synthetic Receiver Functions:
LEAST-SQUARES INVERSION
> receiver function inversion cast in standard inverse
theory framework
> less expensive than MC/DS methods and makes less
stringent demands on data than inverse scattering
methods
> data insufficiency compensated for by regularization
(e.g. damping)
> like MC/DS methods LS involves model matching so
there is no formal requirement that data are delivered as
Greens functions (e.g. receiver function is adequate);
only a forward modelling engine is strictly required
Receiver Functions
Receiver Function Footprints
40 km Interface
15 km Interface
Migrating Receiver Functions
ASCENT P-wave Receiver
Functions
S wave Receiver Functions
S Receiver Functions
From Farra and Vinnik, 2000
Comparisons with P Receiver
Functions
Migrated S-wave Receiver
Functions
Angus et al., 2005
Han et al., 2010: T43A-2158
For Next Time:
Mike Pasyanos:Surface Wave Dispersion
SIMULTANEOUS DECONVOLUTION
> when large numbers of seismograms representing a single
receiver/Greens function are available, perform simultaneous,
least-squares deconvolution
> advantageous due to fact that smaller sum of spectra in
denominator reduce likelihood of spectral zeros allowing for
smaller values of water level parameter to be used
> Gurrola et al, 1995, GJI, 120, 537-543
( )
!
"
#
$
%
&
' ' ' =
!
!
"
#
$
$
%
&
' '
' ' ' ' '
=
!
!
!
"
#
$
$
$
%
&
' '
' ' ' + (
)
*
+
,
-
' ' '
=
' '
' ' '
+
' '
(
)
*
+
,
-
' ' '
= .
'
= =
'
= =
' +
' '
(
)
*
+
,
-
' ' '
=
/ '
' '
(
)
*
+
,
-
' ' '
=
' '
'
'
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1 1
) 1 ( 1 1 1
1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1
tan ,
1
tan
) (
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
p V p V h
V p V p V V
V p V p V V p V p V
h
V p V p V V
V p V V p V p V V p V p V V p V
h
V p V p
V p V V p V
hp
V p V p V V
V p V V p V h
t
V p
p hV
i h y
V p
p hV
j h x
x y p
V p V p V V
V p V V p V h
p d
V p V p V V
V p V V p V h
t
p s
p s p s
p p s s s p
p s p s
p p s s s p p s s p
p s
p s s p
s p p s
p s s p
P PS
p
p
s
s
s p p s
p s s p
s p p s
p s s p
P PS
[Willett and Beaumont, 1994]
[Tapponnier et al., 2001]
[Fu et al., 2008]
Background: Geodynamic models of Tibetan plateau
Unknown deep structure
Mainly north-south profiles
[Yin and Harrison, 2000]
[Kind et al., 2002]
[Zhao et al., 2010]
[Kumar et al.,
2006]
Migrated S-wave Receiver
Functions