í∫’®Ω’-¢√®Ωç 10 -V-™„j 2008 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

2. 'Be' structure Åçõ‰ am/ is/ are/ was/ were

™«çöÀ 'be' forms ûÓ éπLÆœ à®ΩpúË verbs. OöÀéÀ
objects ÖçúÌa/ ™‰éπ-§Ú-´îª’a.
I am eating bread - Ééπ\úø am eating
(verb)èπ◊ object bread
Q. 1. I have been able to maintain regularity.
She is running- Ééπ\úø verb is running èπ◊
DEE passive voice ™ ᙫ ®√≤ƒh®Ω’. ÉC à
tense ™ ÖçC? object ™‰ü¿’.
2. Be structure Åçõ‰ à-N’öÀ? DE-ØÁ™« Ö°æ-ßÁ÷- 3. Past continuous (was/ were + ...ing) talks of
T-≤ƒh®Ω’? DE™ verb ™‰ü∆ object Öçö«ßª÷? an action, continuing at a point of time in the
3. What is the difference between past con- past.
tinuous and past perfect continuous. When he entered the room, I was watch- b) He had been driving at 100 Kmph when the
í∫ûªç™ È®çúø’ °æ†’™x äéπöÀ ´·çüË v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µº¢Á’i accident took place = Accident
4. ''I go through fire and fire to enrich my eng- ing the TV = At the time of his entering the È®çúÓ °æE ´®Ωèπÿ é̆-≤ƒ-TûË -Å-C past perfect con- ïJ-Íí-ô-°æp-öÀéÀ
room, I was watching. The action of 'watching' (II past action) 100 Kmph
lish communication skills.'' tinuous (had been + ...ing).
-Å®Ωn-¢Ë’N’-öÀ? Åûªúø’ ¢Ëí∫çûÓ †úø’-
100 Kmph
- V. Pavankumar, Hyderabad was going on. (Åûªúø’ í∫C-™éÀ ´*a-†-°æ¤púø’ ؈’ a) She had been working as a teacher till she
°æ¤-ûª’-Ø√oúø’. (Åçûª-èπ◊-´·çüË ¢Ëí∫ç
A. TV got married = (II Past action)
Åçü¿’-èπ◊-Ø√oúø’.)
1. The verb in the sentence is have been. îª÷Ææ’h-Ø√o†’) °∞¡x-ßË’uçûª 4. Ø√ communication skills °ç-èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ áçûª
This is a 'be' form and 'be' forms don't Past perfect continuous tense talks of an teacher
´®Ωèπ◊, (°∞¡x-®·çC í∫ûªç™) Ç¢Á’ í¬
have passive voice. The tense of 'have action that had started earlier than, and con- °æE îË-≤ÚhçC. (°∞¡x-´éπ ´·çü¿’ v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µº¢Á’i, °Rx éπ≥ƒd-E-ÈéjØ√ Æœü¿l¥¢Ë’/ áçûÁjØ√ éπ≠d-°æ æ-úø-û√†’. 'go
through fire' §ƒûª ¢√úø’éπ.
been' is present perfect. tinued till another past action. ´®Ωèπ◊ teacherí¬ °æE-îË-ÆœçC)

Q. éÀçC ¢√é¬u©’ ÆæÈ®j†¢ËØ√? A. 1. -Ñ -¢√éπuç Q. I is singular or plural ç Åçõ‰ È®çúø÷, Åçûª éπçõ‰ singular (He, She, it) ûÓ II
correct please clarify. IInd person RDW (comes, goes, takes,
1. He paid a deaf ear to our áèπ◊\-´†’ í∫’Jç* îÁÊ°pC.
2. Many a time singular you I Åçõ‰ ؈’ ÅE. ؈’ áçûª- does etc.) and 'has' ¢√úøû√ç.
instructions.
™ ÖçC
2. Many a times I told you to
work properly.
(not many
times)
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 476
plural
™†÷
I
youÖçC.
Å™«Íí èπÿú≈ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-îª-
´’çC? äéπ\Í® éπü∆. Åçü¿’-éπE You-II person singular =
I á°æ¤púø÷ singular- ü∆EûÓ ´îËa †’´¤yYou-II person plural =
3. correct ´î√a? verbs singular í¬ØË Öçú≈L O’®Ω’. Å®·ûË, you †’ sin-
3. You are my well wisher. - N. Ashok, Khammam.
4. ≤ƒ´÷-†uçí¬ sluice the éπü∆. I RDWs (Go, come, gular (†’´¤y)í¬ ¢√úÕØ√
4. Due to breach of sluice the tank has A. ¢Á·ü¿ô singular, plural Åçõ‰
é¬Ææh ñ«ví∫-ûªhí¬ English ´÷ö«x-úË- take etc.,) have, had, shall/ plural (O’®Ω’)í¬ ¢√úÕØ√
water in the tank go out and been ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓçúÕ. Singular (num-
¢√∞¡Ÿx due to ûÓ sentence v§ƒ®Ωç- will etc. + have etc., I person ü∆EûÓ ´îËa verb á°æ¤púø÷
tank become fallow/ vacant. emptied ber) Åçõ‰ àéπ-´-ç, Åçõ‰ singular (I), I person plural plural í¬ØË Öçô’çC. ÉC
Gµç-Ω’. Owing to/ because of
5. He comes once in a blue ûÓ begin îË≤ƒh®Ω’. Ñ sentence of water. äéπJE, äéπ ´Ææ’h-´¤†’, äéπ-ü∆Eo (we) II person singular and ¶µ«≥ƒ ©éπ~ùç.
moon. †’ É™« correct îËßÁ·îª’a. 5. -É-C í∫’Jç* îÁÊ°pC. plural (you), III person plural I ûÓ have ¢√úÕ-†çûª ´÷vû√† ÅC
- Y. Gayatri, Asifabad Because of the breach in the correct. Plural (number) = •£æ›-´- (they) ûÓ ¢√úøû√ç. III person plural é¬ü¿’. I á°æ¤púø÷ singular.
M.SURESAN

Q.. Please give the meanings He points to my mistakes always =

and examples for the follow-
ing words.
i) so well as ii) as much as
He points to my mistakes always -Å-ûª-ØÁ°æ¤p-úø÷ Ø√ ûª°æ¤p©†’ îª÷°æ¤-û√úø’.
Pointing to the car= Car †’
îª÷°œÆæ÷h.
iii) So much of/ that much of xii) As a result = Ç °∂æL-ûªçí¬.
money I spent is equal to the money he
iv) refer to v) of having vi) for having
spent.
É©’x Åûª-úÕéÀ Ö†oç-ü¿’èπ◊ Ø√èπ◊ Ñ®Ω{uí¬ ÖçC. He wasted time, as a result he failed =
vii) with respect to viii) As we know that vii) with respect to = ü∆EE í∫’Jç*/ Ç N≠æ-ߪ÷-E-
She cannot eat as much as he does. Åûªúø’ time waste î˨»úø’. ü∆E °∂æL-ûªçí¬
ix) At which éÌÊÆh. With respect to your abilities, they are
(Åûªúø’
Åûªúø’ ûª§ƒpúø’.
not suitable for the job = (F -¨¡éÀh ≤ƒ-´’®√n u-© -
x) To be able to + V1 (i.e. to be able to solve)
A†oçûª Ç¢Á’ A†-™‰ü¿’)
iii) So much of = such a quantity of/ such an xiii) For the commencement of = ü∆-E v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µ«-
xi) Points to / pointing to N-≠æ-ߪ÷-EéÀ -´ÊÆh, -Å-N Ç -Ö-üÓuí¬--EéÀ Ææ-J-§Ú-´¤) We are waiting for the commencement
amount that much of I don't have so EéÀ.
viii) As we know that = ÅC ´’†èπ◊ ûÁL-Ææ’ç-úøôç´©x/
Åçûª=
xii) As a result of the programme.
much (of) money.= 鬮Ωu-véπ´’ç v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µ«-EéÀ
xiii) For the commencement of
Åçûª úø•’s (üËE-ÈéjØ√ 鬴-©-
I don't have that
ÅC ´’†èπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’ é¬•öÀd. As we know that he ¢Ë’-´· áü¿’-®Ω’-îª÷-Ææ’hØ√oç.
is here, let us consult him= Å-ûª-úø’ -Ééπ\-úø -Ö-Ø√o-
Æœ-†çûª úø•’s) Ø√ü¿-í∫_-®Ω-™‰ü¿’=
xiv) Commencement of much (of) money. xiv) Commencement of = v§ƒ®Ω綵ºç,
xv) Request to/ Requested to The commencement of that programme
úø-E ûÁ-LÆœ-†ç-ü¿’-´-©x -´’-†ç -Å-ûª-úÕ-E Ææç-v°æ-C-ü∆lç.
iv) Refer to = Talk about.
ix) At which= ü∆E O’ü¿ô. He said something at
v°æ≤ƒh-Nç-îªúøç=
xvi) Ward to attend a) The CM always refers to the achieve- depends on the arrival of the Chief guest =
which she was angry= Åûª-úø’ àüÓ ÅØ√oúø’, -
- B. Ashok, Warangal ments of his government = CM á°æ¤púø÷ ûª† 鬮Ωu-véπ-´’ç -v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µºç é¬-´-úøç -Å-ØË-C -´·-êu -Å-A-C∑
A. i) So
Å-C Ç¢Á’èπ◊ éÓ°æç ûÁ°œpç-*çC.
well as- an expression of comparison ®√-´-úøç -O’-ü¿ -Ç-üµ∆®Ω°æ-úÕ -Öç-ô’ç-C.
x) To be able to do/ understand etc., = îËߪ’-í∫-©-
v°æ¶µº’ûªyç ≤ƒCµç-*† ¢√öÀ í∫’Jç* v°æ≤ƒh-N-Ææ’hç-
and saying that one thing is not equal to ö«®Ω’. xv) Request to= (äéπ-JéÀ) Ŷµºu-®Ωn†. He made a
another. v) Of having = éπLT Öçúøôç.
í∫úøç. request to us to help him. (Ææ£æ…-ߪ’ç éÓÆæç
She is able to walk now = Ç¢Á’ †úø-´-í∫-©’-í∫’- Ŷµºu-Jnç-î√úø’) Requested to Å-ØË -v°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç ™‰-ü¿’.
No one can sing so well as SP = No one has He is proud of having such a car= Å™«çöÀ car
the ability to sing like SP. SP can sing better
ûÓçC°æ¤p-úø’. xvi) Ward to attend îª÷Ææ’-éÓ-¢√-Lq† °œ©x/ °œ©x-¢√úø’.
To be able to solve = °æJ-≠æ \-Jç--îª-í∫-©-í∫úøç.
Ö†oç-ü¿’-éπ-ûªúø’ í∫®Ωy-°æ-úø-û√úø’.
than others. vi) For having= éπLT Ö†oç-ü¿’èπ◊/ Ö†oç-ü¿’èπ◊ I have a ward to attend to = ؈’ îª÷Ææ’-éÓ-¢√-
xi) Points to / pointing to = îª ÷°æ¤-ûª ’-Ø√o®Ω’/
ii) As much as = such an amount/ quantity. I I envy him for having such a house = Å™«çöÀ
Lq† °œ©x/ °œ©x-¢√úø’ ÖØ√o®Ω’.
spent as much (money) as he did = The
îª÷°œÆæ÷h. Ward = äéπJ Ææç®Ω-éπ~-ù™ Ö†o-¢√∞¡Ÿx.

Q. Spoken English for Q. éÀçC ¢√é¬u-©†’ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ -à-´’-Ø√-™ Ñ È®çúø’ ¢√é¬u™xE day, thousand Q. 1. Made of, made from OöÀ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷- îÁéπ\ éπE-°œ-Ææ’hç-ô’çC. Å™« é¬èπ◊çú≈
you °æ¤Ææhéπç ´÷ -ûÁ-L-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’-í∫-©®Ω’. ÅØË °æü∆-©†’ plural ™ days, thou- í∫ç™ ûËú≈--©’ ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’. ûªßª÷-È®j† ´Ææ’h-´¤™ ü∆E ´·úÕ-Ææ-®Ω’-èπ◊©’
v§ƒçûªç™ ©Gµç-îªúøç 1. á) WØ˛™ ´®√{©’ °æúø-û√®·. sands ÅE áçü¿’èπ◊ ®√ߪ’-èπÿ-úøü¿’?
™‰ü¿’. ü¿ßª’-îËÆœ °æGx-≠æ®˝q - G. Vishal, Karimnagar
2. °çèπ◊©’ (ÉçöÀ °jéπ-°æ¤p-O’ü¿ ¢√úËN), éπ†-°æ-úø-éπ-§ÚûË ÅC made from.
Paper is made from bamboo
G) ¶«uçé˙™ îÁé˙ ï´’-îË-¨»†’. (¶«uçé˙-
ÅvúøÆˇ ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’çúÕ. A. 1. a) It rains in June éÌçîÁç °ü¿lí¬ÖçúË •çí∫-∞«-°ç-èπ◊©’–
pulp=
™E Ø√ áéıç-ö¸™ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ)
- S. Anil kumar, b) I credited the cheque into my
Ñ È®çúÕç-öÀéÀ äÍé °æü¿ç Öçü∆? ™‰ü∆ é¬Tûªç ¢Áü¿’®Ω’ í∫’Vb-™ ç*
Æœ) áçúø©’ ¶«í¬ ´·C-®√®·
Potkapalli account in the bank ¢ËÍ®y-®Ω’í¬ °œ©’-≤ƒh®√? ûªßª÷®Ω’ îËߪ’-•-úø’-ûª’çC. (ûªßª÷-®Ω-´¤-
úÕ) áçúø™ ØËØÁ-éπ\-úøèπÿ ®√†’. - Pavani, Sudha, Matsyapuri (W.G.Dt) ûª’çC). Paper ™ ¢Áü¿’-®Ω’-í∫’Vb éπE-°œç-
A. Spoken English for c) The sun has got/ become very
hot A. 1.
É) Åéπ\úø ÇT† •Ææ’q™ Éü¿l®Ω’ áé¬\®Ω’, îªü¿’.
you °æ¤Ææh-é¬-©†’ v°æ-Jç- äéπ ´Ææ’h´¤ ûªßª÷-È®j† ûª®√yûª èπÿú≈
´·í∫’_®Ω’ Cí¬®Ω’. d) I don't go out in the (hot) sun 2. °çèπ◊èπ◊ English, tile - à ®Ωéπ-¢Á’i†
*† Publisher's Åçü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úÕ† ´·úÕ-°æ-ü∆®Ωnç éπE-°œ-Ææ’hçõ‰
address:
á°∂ˇ) Çö©’ áéπ\-èπÿ-úøü¿’ e) Three got down from and two got ÅC made of. °çéπ-®·Ø√.
>) ûª© •ßª’ô°ôdèπ◊ into the bus that stopped there. A tiled house = °çèπ◊-öÀ©’x.
Emerald Publishers, Tables are made of wood =
15A First Floor, £«î˝) ´’†ç ûª®√yA ÊÆb->™ Cí∫’û√ç f) We shouldn't get into autos. ´’†ç •çí∫-∞«-°çèπ◊©’ ÅØËN ´’çí∫’-
Tables îÁéπ\ûÓ ûªßª÷-®Ω’-îË-ߪ’-•-úø-û√®·.
CASA Major Road, 2. 3 day orientation programme on g) Don't keep your head out ∞¡⁄®Ω’ (éπ®√g-ôéπ) °çèπ◊©’ – Mangalore
teaching English. Two thousand h) We get down at the next stage. tiles. •çí∫-∞«-°ç-èπ◊©’ ÅØË-´÷ô ᙫ
Egmore,
(´÷-´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’– îÁéπ\ûÓ ûªßª÷-®Ω-´¤-
Chennai 600008. only. 2. ÅC ¢√úø’éπ (usage) 鬕öÀd. û√®·) Tables ûªßª÷-È®j† ûª®√yûª èπÿú≈ ´*açüÓ ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm