Instrument Transformers

- Instrument transformers are designed to

transform voltage or current from the high values
in the transmission and distribution systems to
the low values that can be utilized by low voltage
metering devices and protection.
Instrument Transformers Primary
Applications:
1. metering- for energy billing and transaction purposes
2. protection control - for system protection and protective
relaying purposes
3. load survey - for economic management of industrial
loads.
Instrument Transformers Functions
1. To transform current or voltage from high value to handle for protection
relays and instruments.
2. To insulate the metering circuit from the primary high voltage system.
3. To provide possibilities of standardizing the instruments to a few rated
currents and voltages.
Types Instrument Transformers
1. Current Transformer (CT)
2. Voltage Transformer or Capacitive
Voltage Transformer (CVT)
Instrument Transformers Typical
Output Level
CT VT
1-5 Amperes 115 120 Volts
Current Transformers
Are instrument transformers that provide
insulation against the high voltage of the power
circuit and also supply the relays with quantities
proportional to those of the power circuit but
sufficiently reduced in magnitude so that relays
can be made relatively small and inexpensive.
CT usually place near the circuit breaker of any
circuit. IF CT breakdown, the protective
equipment is both Blind and Deaf.
Types of Current
Transformers
Doughnut Type
Bar Type
Bushing Type
Manufacturer ABB (Sweden)
Type/Model IMBD 245 A5; A4; A2
Rated Voltage 245 kV
Rated Currents 50-4000 A
Insulation level 460-1050 kV
Highest system voltage 245 kV
Frequency 60 Hz
Insulation level 460-1050 kV
Standard IEC 185
Class: Metering 0.2FS10 and 0.5FS10
Protection 5P20/X
Total mass 1720 kg
Mass of oil 315 kg
Current Transformers
Specifications
Capacitive Voltage Transformer
A voltage transforming equipment using a
capacitance voltage divider connected between
phase and ground of a power circuit. CVT are
placed at the entry point of a
switchyard/substation for voltage indication on
an energized circuit.
Capacitive Voltage Transformer
Capacitive Voltage Transformer
Instrument Transformer Basic Tests
Dos and Donts for Instrument Transformer
1. Never open circuit a current transformer secondary
while the primary is energized.
CTs are intended to be proportional current devices.
Very high voltages can result from open circuiting the
secondary circuit of an energized CT. Even very small
primary currents can cause damage
Instrument Transformer Basic Tests
Dos and Donts for Instrument Transformer
2. Never short circuit the secondary of an energized VT
VTs are intended to be used as proportional voltage
devices.
Damaging current will result from short circuiting the
secondary circuit of an energized VT.
end