FACULTY : CIVIL & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING NO.

OF PAGES: 1/2
DEPARTMENT : GEOTECHNICAL &
TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING
EDITION: LAB 2a
NO. OF CHECKING:
LABORATORY : ENGINEERING GEOLOGY &
GEOPHYSIC LABORATORY
EFECTIVE DATE : 1/2/2012
TOPIC : INCLINED BEDDING - FOLD ( LAB 2a ) AMENDMENT DATE: 1/2/2012

1.0 OBJECTIVE
To plot ground profile and rock formations from geological map inclined beddings.


2.0 LEARNING OUTCOMES
a) Students should able to plot subsurface profile.
b) Students should able to understand the geological structure in subsurface profile.
c) Students should able to understand a history of the geological area.


3.0 THEORY

A geological map is one, which shows in the first place, the occurrence and distribution of the rocks at the
surface of the ground. Conventional sign may show certain facts of observation about them. The geological
map allows the geological structure of the country to be inferred.

Beds of rocks are bounded by bedding surfaces, which may be horizontal, tilted or bent in any form or direction.
A series of beds which have been laid down regularly one on the other, and which may be treated as a whole,
form a conformable series. It follows that the lower beds are the older. In such a series of bedding surfaces are
parallel. Each bedding surface is usually common to two beds of rock, being the top of one and the bottom of
the one next above. In the simplest case, these surfaces are planes: bedding planes.







Prepared by : Lecturer

Name : Aziman Bin Madun / Dr Mohd Efendi Bin Daud /Prof. Dr. Devapriya Chitral Wijeyesekera

Signature :


Date : 1 February 2012


FACULTY : CIVIL & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING NO. OF PAGES: 2/2
DEPARTMENT : GEOTECHNICAL &
TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING
EDITION: LAB 2a
NO. OF CHECKING:
LABORATORY : ENGINEERING GEOLOGY &
GEOPHYSIC LABORATORY
EFECTIVE DATE : 1/2/2012
TOPIC : INCLINED BEDDING - FOLD ( LAB 2a ) AMENDMENT DATE: 1/2/2012

4.0 EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS
1. Geological Map A
2. Graph paper/drawing paper - A4 size
3. Ruler
4. Pencils
5. Colour pencils (optional)


5.0 PROCEDURE
5.1 Plot the cross-section with the horizontal and vertical scales accordingly to the scale of the geological
map on a piece of graph paper or blank sheet. Refer Figure 1.1. The vertical scale is normally
exaggerated to improve visibility of the profile.
5.2 Draw a line to join the line of cross-section on the map, says A - B.
5.3 Using a blank piece of paper, mark the points of intersection accordingly between the lines with the
contours respective to its heights.
5.4 Transfer the points to the cross-section profile respective to the heights of the contours.
5.5 Join the points to form the profile of the ground elevation.


6.0 RESULT AND ANALYSIS
By referring to Map A,
Highlights the rock boundary to focus for determination of strike line.
Select two pints within the marked boundary of similar heights.
Draw the line between the two points to indicate the first strike line. Its value corresponding to two value of
the contour.
Select another point (of ascending @ descending contour value).
Draw a line that touches the parallel the select point to the first strike line.
Measure the distance (say, d1) cut at right angles to the parallel lines.
Determine the angle of dip of the fold.
Similarly, repeat similar procedure to the other wings of the fold.
Identify the thickness of the outcrop.



7.0 QUESTIONS AND DISCUSSION
(Each answer shall not more than 100 words)
1. Outline how the geologists made the geology map.
2. Discuss the information that could be extracted from the geological map.
3. Explain types of folds with the aid of diagram.
4. Discuss how the fold structure was formed.


8.0 CONCLUSION









FACULTY : CIVIL & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING NO. OF PAGES: 1/2
DEPARTMENT : GEOTECHNICAL &
TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING
EDITION: LAB 2b
NO. OF CHECKING:
LABORATORY : ENGINEERING GEOLOGY &
GEOPHYSIC LABORATORY
EFECTIVE DATE : 1/2/2012
TOPIC : FAULT BEDDING ( LAB 2b ) AMENDMENT DATE: 1/2/2012

1.0 OBJECTIVE
To plot ground profile and rock formations from geological map faulted bedding.



2.0 LEARNING OUTCOMES
a) Students should able to plot subsurface profile.
b) Students should able to understand the geological structure in subsurface profile.
c) Students should able to understand a history of the geological area.



3.0 THEORY
A geological map is one, which shows in the first place, the occurrence and distribution of the rocks at the surface of the
ground. Conventional sign may show certain facts of observation about them. The geological map allows the geological
structure of the country to be inferred.






















Beds of rocks are bounded by bedding surfaces, which may be horizontal, tilted or bent in any form or direction.
A series of beds which have been laid down regularly one on the other, and which may be treated as a whole,
form a conformable series. It follows that the lower beds are the older. In such a series of bedding surfaces are
parallel. Each bedding surface is usually common to two beds of rock, being the top of one and the bottom of
the one next above. In the simplest case, these surfaces are planes: bedding planes.


Prepared by : Lecturer

Name : Aziman Bin Madun / Dr Mohd Efendi Bin Daud /Prof. Dr. Devapriya Chitral Wijeyesekera

Signature :

Date : 1 February 2012



FACULTY : CIVIL & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING NO. OF PAGES: 2/2
DEPARTMENT : GEOTECHNICAL &
TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING
EDITION: LAB 2b
NO. OF CHECKING:
LABORATORY : ENGINEERING GEOLOGY &
GEOPHYSIC LABORATORY
EFECTIVE DATE : 1/2/2012
TOPIC : FAULT BEDDING ( LAB 2b ) AMENDMENT DATE: 1/2/2012

4.0 EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS
1. Geological Map (refer to Map B )
2. Graph paper/drawing paper - A4 size
3. Ruler
4. Pencils
5. Colour pencils (optional)



5.0 PROCEDURE
5.1 Plot the cross-section with the horizontal and vertical scales accordingly to the scale of the
geological map on a piece of graph paper or blank sheet. Refer Figure 1.1. The vertical scale is
normally exaggerated to improve visibility of the profile.
5.2 Draw a line to join the line of cross-section on the map, says A - B.
5.3 Using a blank piece of paper, mark the points of intersection accordingly between the lines with the
contours respective to its heights.
5.4 Transfer the points to the cross-section profile respective to the heights of the contours.
5.5 Join the points to form the profile of the ground elevation.



6.0 RESULT AND ANALYSIS
By referring to Map B,
Determine the dip and strike of the coal seams.
Determine the thickness of sandstone outcrop.
Determine the dip and strike of the fault.
Plot the rock outcrop and fault on the cross-section profile.



7.0 QUESTIONS AND DISCUSSION
(Each answer shall not more than 100 words)
1. Explain types of fault with the aid of diagram.
2. Discuss how the fault structure was occurred based on the map B.
3. If there is proposal for built dam structure on the fault area, evaluate the engineering problem that possible
to be occurred.


8.0 CONCLUSION






















MAP A

SEMESTER/SESSION : COURSE : 3BFC
SUBJECT : GEOLOGI KEJURUTERAAN CODE : BFC 21303



































































MAP B

SEMESTER/SESSION : COURSE : 3BFC
SUBJECT : GEOLOGI KEJURUTERAAN CODE : BFC 21303






























































Lab Report Assessment
Rubric

CLO 1 (Technical expertise): 10%
Criteria (KI) 1 2 3 4 5 Weightage Total
Introduction 0.25
Result and analysis 0.5
Question and Discussion 0.5
Relevant calculation /
information 0.5
Conclusion 0.25
Total Total = 10%



CLO 2 (Communication skill): 2.5%
Criteria (KI) 1 2 3 4 5 Weightage Total
Material and organisation 0.17
Short and ease to understand 0.17
Attractive presentation 0.16
Total Total = 2.5%