Paper Identifying Indonesian Youth Values

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cto!er 2"#4$ %&oto 'ni(ersit&$ )*+*,
IDENTIFYING CURRENT VALUES OF INDONESIAN YOUTH
Sabrina O. Sihombing
Department o !anagement" #$%ine%% S&hoo'
%abrina%ihombing(gmai'.&om
Uni)er%ita% *e'ita Harapan
In+one%ia
Abstract
This study identified Indonesian youth values. Understanding peoples values is
important because values lead people to behave in the way that they believe.
Specifically, understanding youth values contribute to understand youth characters
which will express their behavior. Survey data gathered from university students in 4
big cities in Indonesia !a"arta, #andung, Semarang and Surabaya. $ total of %&'(
respondents were obtained. The data then was analy)ed by applying exploratory
factor analysis. The findings of this study show that there are * dimensions of
Indonesian youth values mutual assistance, religion, democracy, "inship, hospitality,
corruption, western culture, religious fanaticism, and selfish.The paper provides an
analysis of the data, a discussion of the findings and the directions for future research.

Keywords: Indonesia, youth values, survey, exploratory factor analysis
INTRODUCTION
+outh values reflect what youth believe in guiding their behaviors. Understanding
youth values is important for several reasons ,planipolis.iiep.unesco.org-. +outh is one
of the greatest assets of any nations because it is the main source of many aspects
such as economics and social politics, and as agent of change. .ot only that, youth
consists of potentially future leader. Soe"arno, founding father of Indonesia, stated
that /$ thousand of old men are 0ust able to dream, but a young man is able to change
the world12

3owever, some people see youth as group to fear because they act differently with
older generations ,4c5inney, 6&%%-. 7ne main reason is because todays young
generation live in the digital world. Internet is one main technology that many youth
cannot live without. Specifically, many youth are becoming depended on their smart
phones, instant messaging, e8mails, and many other interactive social media. It can be
stated that many youth have more activities in the digital world rather than in the real
world. $s a result, youth have different values compares to other population segments
such as the adults and the elders.

4any youth in Indonesia have been taught Indonesian values in their schools or in
their families. Those values are rukun ,harmony-, toleransi ,tolerance-, keagamaan
,religiosity-, gotong-royong ,mutual assistance-, musyawarah ,deliberation,
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discussion-, and mufakat ,agreement-. 3owever, values may change as a result of
globali)ation ,9o)ma, 6&%%-.
:lobali)ation is one of the main factors that contribute to value changes ,9o)ma,
6&%%-. There are several studies that provide value changes around the world. ;or
example, Indonesians are now becoming aggressive and anarchistic toward
differences especially since %**<, when Soeharto resigned as the president of
Indonesia ,www.crisisgroup.org-. $nother example of value changes is individualistic
values that are becoming prevalent in many ,collectivism- cultures such as 9hina
,Sun, 6&&&- and Indonesia ,Sihombing, 6&%6-.
The concept of value is one important variable to human life since values influence all
aspects of human behaviors ,4c9arthy = Shrum, 6&&&-. It provides guidelines to live
in a society ,+uan, 6&&'> Schwart), %***-. 4oreover, values represent humanitys
progress througout the generation ages ,#lair, 6&&(-. 3owever, little research has
been devoted to understand current Indonesian youth values. Therefore, the ob0ective
of this research is to identify current values of Indonesian youth.
LITERATURE REVIE,
*er%ona' Va'$e%
?alue is one main topic that have been employed across all social science disciplines
such as anthropology, sociology, political science, organi)ational behavior, mar"eting,
consumer behavior, and others ,@o"each = #all8@o"each, %*<*> ?inson, Scott =
Aamont, %*((-. ;urthermore, value is one construct in social science that has a
number of definitions ,;rit)she = 7), 6&&(> @o"each = #all8@o"each, %*<*-.
Specifically, there is no consensus in the literature about the definition of value
,.arasimhan, #has"ar, = Bra"hya, 6&%&> Aan, 4a, 9ao, = Chang, 6&&*> Aombaert,
6&&D> ;irth, %*ED-. The term FvalueF can be associated with many parts such as
economic ,/value for moneyF, Fconsumer valuesF-, moral conduct, and religion
,Cetterberg, %**<> Sheldon, %*%4-. ;or example, the term value in mar"eting context
refers to the difference between what consumers pay for a product and the benefits
that consumers receive ,#lac"well, GSou)a, Taghian, 4iniard, = Hngel, 6&&'-. 7n
the other hand, value can be also refer to underlying beliefs about how one ought or
ought not to behave ,@o"each, %*'<-. ;rom many definitions it can be stated that the
word /values2 refers to something good, beautiful, valuable, dignified, or desirable
,Sun = Iang, 6&%&> #ertens, 6&&(-.
This research apply personal values is defined as personal beliefs that guide the way
people to select actions, evaluate people and events, and explain their actions and
evaluations ,Schwart), %***-. It can be stated that values are guiding principles to live
in a society in a /normal2 behavior ,#lac"well et al., 6&&'-. Specifically, values
provide an internal reference to select and 0ustify behavior ,;ra0 = 4artine), 6&&'-
such as for what is Jright or wrong, Jgood or bad, Jworthy of approval or
disapproval, Juseful or not useful, Jconstructive or destructive, and many other
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things ,9howdhury = $min 6&&%> Sheldon, %*%4-. ;urthermore, values also help to
explain how we answer the Kuestion Jwhat do I doL ,Chou et al., 6&%%-.
Beople are not born with values ,Hvans et al., 6&&*-. ?alues are first learned and
acKuired through families, neighborhoods, experiences, and lifestyles ,Suar =
5huntia, 6&%&> 5arahanna et al., 6&&E-. ;urthermore, values are formed by
individuals under the socio8cultural environment. ?alues are passed from one
generation to another ,;igure %-. It can also be stated that values are "nown as the
main element in describing cultures ,Gobewall = Strac", 6&%%> Aamb et al., 6&&*>
?auclair, 6&&*> Auna = :upta, 6&&%-. In other words, a shift in values means a shift
in one culture or nation. Therefore, understanding value changes is important.
Fig$re -. Intergenerationa' )a'$e tran%mi%%ion
9ultural transfusive triad
Source Hngel et al. ,%*<', cited by Hvans et al., 6&&*-
Va'$e Change%
?alue changes continuously ,#lac"well et al., 6&&(> $rnett, 6&&6-. Bersonal values are
believed to change slowly. The changes sometimes are reali)ed when todays values
are compared with pasts. There are several factors influencing value changes such as
globali)ation ,3aw"ins = 4othersbaugh, 6&%&-, political change ,Aee, 6&&D-,
economic development ,Tibbs, 6&%%-, and others. Iindhorst ,%*<E- proposed a model
of value changes as seen in ;igure 6.
?alues of
society
;amily @eligious
institutions
School Harly lifetime
experiences
Beers Individual
internali)ed values
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Fig$re .. Changing )a'$e%
Source Iindhorst ,%*<E, cited by Toth = Simanyi, 6&&'-
There is one ma0or indicator to understand value changes ,Schiffman, 5anu", =
Iisenblit, 6&%&-. That indicator is the text or lyrics of songs that are on the society.
;or example, Indonesian pop songs in the last E years experienced a shift in values.
Song lyrics were emphasi)ed and titled as the main theme of love with someone ,who
usually is girlfriend or boyfriend-. 3owever, song lyrics nowadays contextuali)ing
secret love affairs rather than faithful relationship. Hxamples of Indonesian songs are
as follows. Starting from the song FSephiaF created by Indonesian band called Sheila
on (, the lyrics emphasi)e on a relationship with a secret lover. Then, a few popular
songs highlight the same unfaithful theme such as /"e"asih gelap"u2 ,secret lover-
by Ungu, Flela"i cadanganF ,boyfriend reserves- by T6, and Fsimpanan"uF ,my love
collection- by :ovinda. .ot only that, a shift in religious values also indicated in
Indonesian popular song. $n Indonesian band called /#and Badi2 released their single
titled Ftempat tera"hir2 ,Aast Blace- raised controversy as the lyric of the song says
F4es"ipun a"u di surga, mung"in a"u ta" bahagia, bahagia"u ta" sempurna, bila itu
tanpamu2 ,$lthough Im in heaven, I may be not happy, my happiness is not perfect,
if it is without you-.
$nother value change example is about time perception. 4any Indonesian elderly
people had applied and used !avanese proverb stated F$lon8alon waton "ela"onF
which means slowly but reached its goal. 3owever, that proverb now may not popular
and believed as the right thing. The phrase FKuic" but sureF or Fthe sooner the betterF
are freKuent sayings nowadays. $nother example is about wor" perception. It used to
often stress the importance of hard wor" in order to succeed. 3owever, many people
nowadays put more emphasi)ed on Fsmart wor"F.
!ETHODS
Samp'e an+ Data Co''e&tion. Students sample as a representative of youth was
chosen in order to have the homogeneity of the samples as recommended by
.etemeyer, Gurvasula and Aichtenstein ,%**%-. +outh in this survey refers to persons
aged between %'86% years old. Specifically, it was reali)ed that there are many
definitions for youth or young people and the age range varies as well ,Ghamayanti,
6&&*-. 3owever, this research applied the definition of youth based on Indonesia Aaw
.o. 4 of %*(* on child welfare that youth is an individual who has not attained the age
Hnvironment Hducation :eneration Aifecycle
Hmergence
of new
values
@eevalution
of the
hierarchy
Gissapearance
of old values
9hanging ?alues
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of 6% years old and unmarried. ;urthermore, according to the Indonesia Aabor Aaw
stated that youth is considered attained the age of %'8%< years or are married and have
own place ,Bardede, 6&&6 = Soet0iningsih, 6&&(, cited by Ghamayanti, 6&&*-.
The survey was conducted from .ovember 6&%6 to ;ebruary 6&%D to %6&&
respondents. $ purposive sampling was applied with two main criteria ,%- that
respondent live in one of four research areas ,!a"arta, #andung, Semarang, or
Surabaya-, and ,6- that respondents should university students in the area that they
live. $ total of %&** Kuestionnaire were returned. 7f of those, %&'( Kuestionnaires can
be used for further analysis, which constitutes a <<.* per cent usable response rate.
!ea%$rement. This research is a part of research in identifying Indonesian values
,see Sihombing = Bongtuluran, 6&%%a, 6&%%b> Sihombing, 6&%6-. Sihombing and
Bongtuluran ,6&%%a, 6&%%b- developed a multiple8item scale for assessing Indonesian
values. Specifically, guidelines for scale development were based on ?erbe"e ,6&&(-,
Barasuraman et al. ,6&&E-, $dcoc" and 9ollier ,6&&%-, and 9hurchill ,%*(*-. The
scale items were therefore administered as a Kuestionnaire with %'6 items statements
,see Sihombing = Bongtuluran, 6&%%b-. $ll items in the Kuestionnaire were measured
on a five8point Ai"ert scale anchored from /strongly disagree2 ,%- to /strongly agree2
,E-.

Data Ana'/%i%. The aim of this research is to identify Indonesian youth values.
Therefore, factor analysis was considered as appropriate analysis to identify
Indonesian youth values in general evaluative dimensions rather than in 0ust the
specific items ,3air, $nderson, Tatham = #lac", 6&&'-. Specifically, common factor
analysis approach rather than component factor analysis -as selected as data
reduction techni.ue !ecause common factor anal&sis -as most
a//ro/riate -hen the /rimar& o!0ecti(e -as to identif& the latent
dimensions re/resented in the original (aria!les 12air et al3$ 2""4$
/3##563

There are se(eral criteria -ere a//lied to the num!er of factors to
e7tract in common factor anal&sis a//roach 12air et al3$ 2""463 8irst$
!& a//l&ing a (isual assessment of the scree /lot to identif& the
o/timum num!er of factors that can !e e7tracted3 9econd$
assessment of eigen(alues that should greater than # that -as
considered signi:cant3 Third$ assessment of factor loading that
re/resents the correlation !et-een an original (aria!le and its
factor3 In the s/eci:c$ in a sam/le of ;5" or greater res/ondents$
factor loading of "3;" is considered as ha(ing /ractical signi:cance3
Therefore$ this research a//lied a factor loading of "3;" for
signi:cance3 8ourth$ re.uired /ercentage of (ariance e7/lained3 The
/ercentage of (ariance refers to s/eci:c cumulati(e /ercentage of
total (ariance e7tracted !& successi(e factors3 The aim of
/ercentage (ariances is to ensure /ractical signi:cance for the
deri(ed factors3 In the social sciences$ the suggested minimum of
4"< of the total (ariance is considered as satisfactor& 12air et al3$
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2""4$ /3#2"63 $fter the exploratory factor analysis, all items revealed by the
analysis were proceeding through confirmatory factor analysis ,9;$-.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Gemographic statistics shows out of %&'(, E'.*M represents male respondents where
as 4D.%M represents female respondents. 4ore than one third of respondents live in
!a"arta ,D4.((M-. 7ther respondents live in #andung ,6*.'6M-, Semarang ,6%.<DM-,
and Surabaya ,%D.(<M-.

The data were sub0ected to various analysis. @eliability analysis was first conducted
by grouping the items according to the a priori dimensions from which they were
derived. 9orrected item8to8total correlation was examined in this step. In the specific,
iItems which below &.D were then deleted to improve coefficient alpha ,3air et al.,
6&&'-. The result shows that the item8to8total correlations exceed &.D&.

The second step was examining the reliability coefficient by applying 9ronbachs
alpha. The results show coefficient alpha values range from &.(4D to &.*%'. Those
alpha values greater than &.( which is indication of the reliability of this research
items ,3air et al, 6&&'-.

The next step was applying exploratory factor analysis ,H;$- to reveal factors or
general evaluative dimensions of Indonesian values. Table % shows the personal value
items that load on each of the factors and their respective factor loading. The factor
analysis generated seven factors that explained a total variance of '(.*M.
;urthermore, the overall 5aiser84eyer87l"in ,547- measure of sample adeKuacy
had highly acceptable value of &.<(4 with a #artlett Test of Sphericity ?alue of
%((6'.(&& with a p8value of &.&&&.

$fter the exploratory factor analysis, all items revealed by the analysis were
proceeding through confirmatory factor analysis ,9;$-. Table % also presents 9;$
results for all items. The loadings generated are all significant ,p N .&&&-.
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Tab'e -. CFA an+ EFA 'oa+ing%
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The ob0ective of this research is to reveal Indonesian youth todays values. The
findings of this study show that there are * dimensions of Indonesian youth values
mutual assistance, religion, democracy, "inship, hospitality, corruption, western
culture, religious fanaticism, and selfish. It can be stated that the results revealed two
types of values positive and negative values.
The word value is often easy to say but hard to explain ,;irth, %*ED-. 4oreover, the
word value is often connoted as something good, valuable, dignified, and positive
connotation ,#ertens, 6&&(-. 3owever, #ertens also pointed out that what is the
opposite is called as non value or disvalue. In short, some people called negative
values as negative values, and the word /values refer to positive things.
This research shows that Indonesian youth hold some positive traditional values such
as mutual assistance, religiosity, hospitality, and "inship. This study also revealed that
democracy is one new positive value that Indonesian youth hold today. 3owever, the
research also reveals values that Indonesian youth hold such as corruption, religious
fanaticism, selfish and western culture. 9orruption, religious fanaticism, and selfish
can be included in negative values. Iestern cultureOvalues can also be grouped in
negative values for Indonesian people as eastern culture ,i.e., Indonesia- have
significant differences values with western culture. ;or example, Indonesian people
emphasi)e on collectivistic values while western people emphasi)e on individualistic
values.
7ne new Indonesian value is democracy. Gemocracy is believed as western concept
,$nsori, 6&%D> #lair, 6&&(-. Gemocracy in Indonesia is becoming as one common
word for Indonesian people since Soeharto was forced to resign as a president of
Indonesia in 4ay %**<. 3is resignation trigger for Indonesias transition to
democracy ,Slater = Simmons, 6&%6> Bepins"y, 6&&4-. Indonesian people becoming
more open to reveal their thoughts and choices in many things. ;urthermore, freedom
is becoming a representation of democracy. Specifically, Indonesian people then have
freedom of speech to critici)e government policy. Gemonstration is becoming
common phenomena in many regions in Indonesia. 4any Indonesian youth,
especially university students, active in mass demonstrations about issues such as
protest against rising fuel price or protest on government policy.
#eside democracy, mutual assistance, religiosity, and "inship as positive values for
Indonesia youth, this study revealed religious fanaticism, western culture, selfish and
corruption as negative values for Indonesian youth. 9orruption in Indonesia is high
that lead Indonesia is "nown as being a corrupt country ,@obertson8Snape, %***-.

This research found that corruption is one of todays Indonesian youth values. It is
understandable as corruption is one topic that most freKuently both in print and
television media in Indonesia. 4any former government officials such as former
ministers, governors, regents, mayors and others were imprisoned due to corruption.
$braham Samad ,Ketua Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi, 3ead of IndonesiaPs
9orruption Hradication 9ommission- stated that the most problem that Indonesian
people face nowadays is corruption ,5ompas, 6( .ov. 6&%D-. 3e further pointed out
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that every year coruption increase highly and complicated. .ot only that, corruption
in Indonesia is li"e evolution and regeneration.
$braham Samad also explained that Indonesian corruptor is becoming younger. 3e
pointed out that corruptor in Indonesia are about 4E8E& years old in one decade ago.
3owever, Indonesian corruptors nowadays are people with younger age such as
.a)arudin and $ngelina Sonda"h from Gemocrat Barty and ;adh @afiK from :ol"ar
Barty. Those young politician were in their age of 6( to DE when they were arrested
,5ompas, 6&%D-.

9orrupt practices are still uncontrolled among Indonesian youth according to
Transparency International Indonesia ,TII-. TII had conducted the +outh Integrity
Survey to assess the condition of youth integrity in !a"arta city. The survey was
conducted from !uly to Gec. 6&%6 with 6,&&& respondents aged %E Q D& in !a"arta.
The survey revealed youths opinion about corruption. Specifically, '&M youth decide
not to ma"e reports had they confronted with corrupt act. This is because they believe
it would not be effective and moreover there would not be any protection to the
informants. $nother 4&M youth thin" other peoples corruption is /not of my
business2 ,www.ti.or.id-.

The survey also revealed that twenty percent said that they would engage in corrupt
practices if they involved only a small amount of money. .ot only that, 66 percent of
the respondents tolerates corrupt practices. 3owever, the survey also showed that *D
percent and *4 percent believed that corruption was harmful for themselves and state
development respectively ,!ong, 6&%D-.
$ study conducted by 3astang"a ,a researcher from @esearch 9enter for Bancasila
Studies- in 6&%6 revealed that corruption is a ma0or problem in Indonesia and ma"e
them not to be proud as Indonesian people ,httpOOpsp.ugm.ac.id-. $nother statement
from Gadang Trisangso"o, TI Indonesia general secretary, pointed out that Indonesian
corruptors have been getting younger in the recent years that means there is
something wrong in the way this nation educate and nurture the youth ,www.ti.or.id-.
4oreover, Aia Toriana ,+outh Integrity Survey @esearch 4anager- pointed out that
institutions that are expected to educate, serve, and protect youth turns out to give bad
examples through many reports from television and internet ,!ong, 6&%D-.
To reduce corruption, Indonesian government through Kementrian Pendidikan dan
Budaya ,The 4inistry of Hducation and 9ulture -, included /anti corruption2 as one
sub0ect in Indonesian education curriculum of 6&%D ,www.ti.or.id-. This new sub0ect
aims to emhasi)e of shaping positive attitude and behavior of students in fighting
corruption.
#eside corruption, religious fanaticism was revealed as one of Indonesian yout values.
3owever, religious value is one of Indonesian traditional values. Indonesia is also
"nown as the most populated moslem people in the world. 3owever, Indonesia is not
a religion country that apply religion laws in daily people life.
Indonesia have had successful experience in maintanining religious harmony in the
.ew 7rder era when Soeharto was a president of Indonesia. In that era, Soeharto with
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his otoriter power could impose radical religious movements that intend to disturb
religious harmony in Indonesia. 3owever, when Indonesia began its transition to
democracy in %***, religion groups have freedom to express their intention to change
Indonesias ideology of Bancasila into an Islamic stated ,$frianty, 6&%6-.
This research revealed that current Indonesian youth values are religious fanaticism.
This religious fanaticism values are expressed with indicator or statement /I fight for
my religion2 and /7ther religions have flaws than my religion2. Those two statements
indicate that youth feel that they "now their religion well so they have the most
authority to compel and 0udging others religions.
Indonesian youth seems to accept violence to be one way in defending their religion.
$ survey by Lembaga Kajian Islam dan Perdamaian ,Aa5I#, Institute for Islamic
Studies and Beace- that was held from 7ctober to !anuary 6&%% revealed that the
ma0ority of students in !a"arta and surrounding areas li"ely to agree to ta"e turn
violent action to resolve the issue of religion and morals. In the specific, the survey
revealed that students approve of suicide bombings extreme action and willing to be
involved in the sealing of the synagogue of other faiths ,www.tempo.co-.
$friantys study ,6&%6- on Islamic education and youth extremism in Indonesia shows
that there is a level of religious intolerance among youth that should become alarm for
Indonesian people. 3er study shows that there was elevent per cent of UI.
,Uniersitas Islam !egeri, State Islamic University- students that willing to follow
radical leaders such $bu #a"ar #aasyir and 3abib @i)Ky. Those small number of
elevent per cent is an alarm because radical religion groups have always relied on a
small number of young people ,$frianty, 6&%6-.

4any tragedies showed that violent activities involved youth especially as
perpetrators ,4achmudi, 6&&*-. ;urthermore, several bombings in Indonesia shows
that religious educational institutions such as Pesantren ,Islamic boarding school- is
affiliated with the perpetrator of bombings ,$frianty, 6&%6-. 4achmudi also pointed
out that youth are easily to be exploited because they lean to have personal and family
problems. 4oreover, the feeling of worthlessness and depression are ma0or factors
that allow the youth to involve in radical activities. 4oreover, many radical religion
groups manipulating several 0argons such as /0ihad2 ,to strive, to exert, to fight- to
0ustify their violence activities ,$syari, 6&%4-.

This research also revealed that selfish is as one value that Indonesian youth hold
today. $lthough selfish is often considered as one character of many young people
,Aist, 6&&6> 4itchell, %**<- but selfish among the youth today can be as a
conseKuence of technology around them ,www.bettertogether.org-. Technology such
as internet and #lac"#erry 4essenger ma"e many people communicate with other
people in other place more often rather than tal" to other people around them ,Silvia,
6&%D-. Therefore, technology can be considered as a double8edged sword.
Specifically, the Internet allows people to have access to many information and
people can have conversations with others anywhere in the world. 7n the other hand,
internet is reducing time for many youth to socially active in the real word. It is a
common picture now when a group of students which each of them plays their smart
phone rather than tal" verbally to each other. .ot only that, there is term in Indonesian
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youth called /autis2 ,autism- to describe someone who always holding and playing
with his or her cell phone in all her or his activities which ma"e people who are
around himOher seemed to be ignored.

Selfish can be contributed by the rise of individualism values across nation.
;urthermore, individualism is "nown as a global trend in the world ,International
4ar"ets #ureau, 6&%&-. .ot only that, individualism in developing countries is also
on the rise ,Chang = Shavitt, cited by 3aw"ins = 4othersbaugh, 6&%&-.

This study found that western culture becoming one of Indonesian youth values. In
the specific, Indonesian youth consider western life8style as their life8style ,3astuti =
Sudarwati, 6&&(-. 7ne main factor of the diffusion of western culture ,i.e., $merican
culture- around the world is the Internet ,.wegbu, H)e = $sogwa, 6&%%> 7hiagu,
6&%&-. Through internet, information about music, brands, life8style and others can be
Kuic"ly spread out around the world. Therefore, many young people around the world
listening the same music of !ustin #ieber, experiencing same food of 4cGonald,
wearing fashion brands ,G5.+, ;9U5-, and other as a result western influences
through globali)ation and technology.
CONCLUSION
This research has several limitations to be ac"nowledged. ;irst, this research applied
non8probability sampling design to collect data. Therefore, the results can not be
generali)ed to the entire population of Indonesia. 4oreover, respondents of this
research was chosen from 4 big cities In Indonesia ,!a"arta, #andung, Semarang and
Surabaya- which all those cities located in !ava island. 7n the other hand, Indonesia
has many big cities but located in other islands ,e.g., Sumatera island, Sulawesi
island, and others-. Second, this research applied cross8sectional research design
which provides a snapshot of respondents at one point in time. Therefore, this
research can not provide description of the changes or the stability of youth values
over time.

The limitations and the conclusions of this study may inspire further studies to
explore more on Indonesian values. This research revealed traditional and new values
that Indonesian youth hold today. Those traditional values are mutual assistance,
religiosity, hospitality and "inship. Indonesian youth today believe that democracy,
corruption, religious fanaticism, and western culture as their values. It is hoped that
this empirical research contributes to the understanding youth values in Indonesian
context.
A&0no1'e+gement

This research is funded by ;aculty of Hconomics University of Belita 3arapan ,6&%68
6&%D-.
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