ME401 Assignment 4

October 21, 2014

1. An axial flow compressor stage has blade root, mean and tip velocities of 150, 200 and 250 m/s
respectively. The stage is to be designed for a stagnation temperature rise of 20
0
C and an axial
velocity of 150 m/s, both constant from root to tip. The work done factor is 0.93. Assuming 50%
reaction at mean radius, calculate the stage air angles at root, mean and tip and degree of
reaction at root and tip for a free vortex design.[45.71
0
, 16.95
0
, 13.78
0
, 39.40
0
, 54.87
0
, 40.21
0
,
67.995%, 22.23
0
, 53.86
0
, 30.597
0
, -20.27
0
, 11.099%]

2. A helicopter gas turbine requires an overall pressure ratio of 10:1. This is to be obtained using a
two-spool layout consisting of a four stage axial flow compressor followed by a single stage
centrifugal compressor. The polytropic efficiency of the axial flow compressor is 92 percent and
that of the centrifugal is 83 percent.
The axial compressor has stage temperature rise of 30
0
C, using symmetrical stages with a stator
outlet angle of 20
0
. If the mean diameter of each stage is 250 mm and each stage is identical,
calculate the required rotational speed. Assume a work done factor of 0.86 and a constant axial
velocity of 150 m/s.
Assuming an axial velocity at the eye of the impeller, an impeller diameter of 330 mm, a slip
factor of 0.90 and a power input factor of 1.04, calculate the rotational speed required for
centrifugal compressor. Ambient conditions are 1.01 bar and 288K.[Axial Compressor: 52.44
0
,
19070.399 rpm, 3.07; Centrifugal compressor: 27150.49 rpm]

3. Air at a temperature of 290 K enters a 10 stage axial flow compressor, at the rate of 2.8 kg/s.
The pressure ratio is 6.5 and the isentropic efficiency is 90 percent, the compression process
being adiabatic. The compression has symmetrical stages. The axial velocity of 110 m/s is
uniform across the stage and the mean blade speed of each stage is 180 m/s.
Determine the direction of air at entry to and exit from the rotor and the stator blades and also
the power given to the air. Cp=1.005kJ/kg and =1.4[22.81
0
C, 54.405
0
, 13.446
0
]

4. The first stage of an axial-flow compressor is designed on free vortex principle. The
rotational speed is 6000 rpm and stagnation temperature rise is 20 K. The hub- tip ratio is
0.60, the work done factor is 0.98 and the isentropic efficiency of the stage is 0.89.
Assuming an inlet velocity is 141 m/s and ambient conditions of 1.01 bar and 288K,
compute:
(i) The tip radius and corresponding rotor air angles, if the Mach number relative
to tip is limited to 0.95.[0.454m,
1
=63.85,
2
=56.23]
(ii) The mass flow rate entering the stage.[65kg/s]
(iii) The stagnation pressure-ratio and power required.[1.234,1306.9kW]
(iv) The rotor air angles at root section.[
1
=50.71,
2
=17.74]

5. An axial flow has overall pressure ratio of 4.0 and mass flow is 180 kg/minute. If the
polytrophic efficiency is 88% and stagnation temperature rise per stage must not exceed
to 25C, calculate no of stages required and the pressure ratio of the first stage and last
stages. Assume equal temperature rise in all stages. The absolute velocity approaching
the last rotor is 165m/s at an angle 20 from the axial direction, the work done factor is
0.83. The velocity diagram is symmetrical and means diameter of last rotor is 188mm,
compute rotational speed of the rotor in the last stage and length of the last stage rotor
blade at inlet to the rotor. Ambient conditions are 1.01bar and 288K.[7
Stages,1.265,24833rpm,13.37mm]

6. The following data refer to the eye of a single-sided impeller:
Inner diameter 130mm, outer diameter 300mm, speed 16000 rpm, Mass flow rate 9
kg/s , Ambient conditions 1.00bar and 288K.Assuming no pre-whirl and no loss in the
intake duct, compute the blade inlet angle at the root and tip of the eye and Mach
number at the tip of the eye.[
1(root)
=52.55,
1(tip)
=29.5,Mach#=0.865]
7. An aircraft engine is fitted with a single sided centrifugal compressor. The aircraft flies
with a speed of 850 km/h at an altitude where pressure is 0.23 bar and the temperature is
217 K. The inlet duct of the impeller eye contains fixed vanes which give the air pre-
whirl of 25 at all radii. The inner and outer diameters of the eye are 180 and 330 mm
respectively, the diameter of impeller tip is 540 mm and the rotational speed is 16000
rpm. Estimate the stagnation pressure at the compressor outlet when the mass flow is 216
kg per minute. Neglect the losses in the inlet duct and fixe vanes, and assume that the
isentropic efficiency of the compressor is 0.80. Take the slip factor as 0.9 and the power
input factor as 1.04. [1.63 bar]

8. Air from a practical quiescent atmosphere, pressure 1 bar and temperature 300 K, enters
axially a centrifugal compressor fitted with radial blades, and the air leaves the diffuser
with negligible velocity. The tip diameter of the impeller is 450 mm and the speed of
rotation is 18000 rpm. Neglecting all losses, calculate the temperature and the pressure of
the air as it leaves the compressor. Take =1.4, Cp=1.005 kJ/kg-K and =0.9. [461.08
K, 4.5 bar]

9. In the impeller of a centrifugal compressor the air enters the air without pre-whirl with a
velocity of 9.5 m/s. The relative air angle at the exit of the impeller is 65 with the
tangential direction, and the radial component of the velocity is 110 m/s and the tip speed
of the radial vanes is 500 m/s. The air flow rate is 2 kg/s and the mechanical efficiency is
96%. Calculate the power required to drive the compressor. If radius ratio of the impeller
eye is 0.3, calculate the suitable inlet diameter assuming the inlet flow is incompressible.
Determine the overall stagnation pressure ratio of the compressor when the isentropic
efficiency is 80%, assuming the velocity at the exit from the diffuser is negligible. Take
R=287 J/kg-K, =1.4, Cp=1.005 kJ/kg-K, stagnation temperature and stagnation pressure
at the compressor entry as 288 K and 1.013 bar respectively. [467.4 kW, 155mm,
5.4124]