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System Architectures
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Summary
1) OSI Layers
2) System Network
4) Ethernet Frames
3) PACiS SBUS network devices
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1) Basic communication
1.1) OSI 7 Layers to Ethernet
1.2) Physical Layer
1.3) Ethernet Wiring
1.4) Link Layer Connection
1.5) Address
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1.1) OSI 7 Layers
PHYSICAL Medium, speed, bit, repeater
LINK LAYER Connection( Peer/to/Peer ), Hub C1, Bridge
NETWORK IP, Switch C2, Router
TRANSPORT TCP ftp
APPLICATION IEC 61850-7 UCA2
1
7
6
5
4
3
2
APPLICATION SOFTWARE that use Communication Stack
SESSION
PRESENTATION
IEEE 802.3(CSMA/CD)
IEEE 802.1
IEEE 802.2
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1.2) OSI1:Physical Layer
Physical Bit Transmission
Simplex Unidirectional Emitter to Receiver
Duplex Bi directional Emitter Receiver
Half-Duplex One after the other
Full-Duplex Independently one to the other ETHERNET
Communication Between Nodes
Serial bit one after the other on the line
Assynchron Start/Stop bit
Synchron bits are transmitted at Clock tick ETHERNET
Parallel line for each bit
Bits Stream
Bauds = Number of Emission / second
if Emission = 1 bit, then Bauds = Bit/s (ETHERNET)
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1.3) OSI1:Ethernet Wiring
Ethernet Wiring
Copper wires shielded 100BaseT,
56kb/s RJ45 telephone
100 Mb/s, RJ45, Impedance 100ohms, 200$/L 100m
UTP Unshielded Twisted Pair UTP 5E STP Shielded Twisted Pair
Optical 100BaseF
Multimode BFOC ST, 62.5/125m, 2.5dB, 200$/L 2000m
Monomode BFOC ST, 9/125m, 11.4dB, 300$/L 15000m
New technologies 1000BaseT 1Gb/S 1000m
Radio
2.4 or 5 GHz 2, 11, 54Mb/s
Speed
Electric/optical signal 230 000km/s
100BaseT(10Mbit/s) 1bit = 0,01s on the link
1 packet < 0,007ms
packet (max 1518 bytes)
Ethernet (HDLC) bit stream (no bit control)
Packet packet control 11 00
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1.4) OSI2:Link Layer Connection
Connected mode : commutation (Emitter / Receiver)
Packet Message cut into numbered packets, packets transmission
stored/emitted by nodes, Receiver classify packets (IP)
Communication Mode (both ETHERNET)
Connected Emitter and receiver connection + exchange
Unicast bi-directional, point to point, peer to peer
Connectionless Emitter send without connection
and not know if Receiver present (mail box)
Multicast directional to domain (e.g. 255.255.255.0)
Broadcast directional to all
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1.5) OSI3:IP Address
Area Network
MAC Medium Access Control Ethernet port
LAN Local Area Network several Nodes IP class A,B,C
MAN Metropolitan Area Network several LAN
WAN Wide Area Network several MAN
Address
Mac @ Ethernet Tranceiver (Manufacturer)
IP 4 @ 32 bits, 4 bytes (255.255.255.255)
0xxx Class A 10. 0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255
10xx Class B 172. 16.0.0 to 172. 31.255.255
110x Class C 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255
Network 4 set but world wide
DNS Domain Name System(gshl@gkg.com)
BUSINESS APPLICATION (See default list)
Before , it is MANDATORY to make a MAP of Ethernet network
1)Topology (no loop with switch), rank location on net
2) IP address (Mac @)
3) Alias
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2) Recall : What is a System ?
2.1) Automation Evolution
2.2) System Definition
2.3) Main System Functions
2) Recall : What is a system?
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System is CONFIGURATION & COMMUNICATION
SBUS Station BUS (system federal network UCA2...)
TBUS Tele control BUS (Remote Control Point or SCADA)
LBUS Legacy BUS (Field BUS to IED)
2.1) System Definition
System is a set of devices with specific functions that interact
one to/with other with common rules
I/Os C264C
I/Os
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2.2) Station BUS : Ethernet Topology
Daisy chain
Star
Tree
Ring
C264
switch
switch switch switch
C264 C264
switch
C264
switch switch switch
C264 C264
C264
C264
C264
C264
H35
H35
C264
C264
C264
C264
H35
H35
Ring not Possible with standard Ethernet (routers)
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3) PACiS Station BUS
3) PACiS Station BUS
3.1) Station BUS : Network Devices
3.2) Ring Redundancy Principle
3.3) Dual Hamming Principle
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3.1) Station BUS : Network devices
Reference Description Ethernet Device
Tx Fx
SWU200 Switch simple copper 4 0 Cx6x board
SWU201 Switch simple (multi mode) 4 1 Cx6x board
SWU202 Switch simple (multi mode) 4 2 Cx6x board
SWU203 Switch simple (mono mode) 4 1 Cx6x board
SWU204 Switch simple (mono mode) 4 2 Cx6x board
SWR202 Switch Redundant (multi mode) 4 2 Cx6x board
SWR204 Switch Redundant (mono mode) 4 2 Cx6x board
SWD202 Switch Dual Humming (multi) 4 2 Cx6x board
SWD204 Switch Dual Humming (mono) 4 2 Cx6x board
MICOM H 140 Switch simple Copper 6 0 PCI board
MICOM H 340 Switch simple Copper 6 0 DIN Rack
MICOM H 341 Switch simple (multi mode) 6 1 DIN Rack
MICOM H 342 Switch simple (multi mode) 6 2 DIN Rack
MICOM H 343 Switch simple (mono mode) 6 1 DIN Rack
MICOM H 344 Switch simple (mono mode) 6 2 DIN Rack
MICOM H 352 Switch Redundant (multi mode) 6 2 DIN Rack
MICOM H 354 Switch Redundant (mono mode) 6 2 DIN Rack
MICOM H 362 Switch Dual Humming (multi) 6 2 DIN Rack
MICOM H 364 Switch Dual Humming (mono) 6 2 DIN Rack
MICOM H 60 Optical Star with
1 to 4 of following board
19 Rack
V2 (double switch) 2*4 2*1
V3 2 6
Ethernet Switch: Actual Range
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EP
EP RP
RP
EP
RP
Main or Primary
Loop Oriented
ES
ES
ES
RS
RS
RS
Secondary
Loop Oriented
3.2) Ring Redundancy Principle
Mesh Forbidden
MiCOM H15x, H35x, SWR : Special Switch
H35x
H35x
H35x
N Ethernet
Devices
LOOP OPEN INSIDE SWITCH
Self Healing
Ethernet
Cut
PROPRIATARY Solution
No mix with other Ethernet ...
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Primary Link
Secondary Link
3.3) Hamming Redundancy Principle
Mesh Forbidden
MiCOM SWD : Special Switch
Both emitted together standard Optical Ethernet
At reception eliminate redundant Frames
PROPRIATARY Solution
No mix with other Ethernet ...
SWD
EP
RP EP
RP
ES
RS ES
RS
SWD N Ethernet
Devices
N Ethernet
Devices
Filter Filter
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4.1) IP Frame
4.2) TCP Frame
4.3) UDP Frame
4.4)VLAN
4) Network Protocol
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4.1) IP4 Frame
IP4 : Address 32 bits
IP6 : Address 168 bits
Options
Address Destination
Address Source
Checksum Protocol TTL(Nb router)
Offset E Identification
Total Length (64Ko) Service IHL Ver
DATA
IP HEADER
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4.2) IP/TCP Frame
1) Connection
2) Transmission
3) End connection
Win. Flag
Sequence Number
Options
URG Data Check Sum.
Acknowledge
Port : Destination Port : Source (appli.)
DATA
TCP Header
IP HEADER
Port : Source Destination
In one machine, several user/applications
Transport Control Protocol
Connected mode
Security / Reliability
Error control
ordered sequence number
Repeat)
High Data stream/flow
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4.3) IP/UDP Frame
1) Transmission
3) Reception
Check Sum. Lenght
Port : Destination Port : Source (appli.)
DATA
TCP Header
IP HEADER
Port : Source Destination
In one machine, several user/applications
User Datagram Protocol
Non Connected mode
Error Check (not control)
No protocol warranty
=> application control
Small packet
Fast transmission
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4.4) VLAN (IEEE 802.1D,p,Q)
Virtual Local Area Network
Limited diffusion
Privacy channel (tunnelling, security)
Priority
=> Mechanisms 1) filter
2) priority
Traffic filtering/optimisation
Evolution
Ethernet Port Based (router)
MAC layer Group (Goose, switch)
Network Layer Group
IP Layer Group (PC IP mask)
Protocol Based (priority in switch)
Application Port Based
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Ethernet Architectures
Star - Tree Copper
Ring Optical
PACiS Switches
Standard H14x, SWU, H34x
Redundant ring xxx, SWR, H35x
Dual Hamming xxx, SWD, H36x
Key Concepts
System is Communication
Configuration
Ethernet
OSI layers 1-3
100Mb/s full duplex copper (Tx) Optic multi/monomode (Fl)
Distance between switches
100m, 2000m, 15000m (computation optical budget)
Ring Forbidden on standard Ethernet